Translate Zhan Tianyou's articles in English.

Zhan Tianyou is an outstanding patriotic engineer in China. The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was first successfully built under his auspices. This is the first railway line designed and built by all engineers and technicians in China.

The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long, which is the traffic artery connecting North China and Northwest China. At that time, as soon as the Qing government put forward the construction plan, some imperialist countries came out to obstruct it. They all want to fight for the right to build this railway and further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists refused to let people go, and the matter dragged on for a long time Finally, they put forward a condition: if the Qing government used its own engineers to build the railway, they would stop asking. They thought that with such a threat, the railway could not be started, and finally they had to ask them for help. The imperialists got it all wrong. China had its own engineers at that time, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.

The railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou is 200 kilometers long and is an expressway connecting the north and northwest. At that time, the Qing government had just put forward the construction plan, and some imperialist countries got in the way. They scrambled for the right to build railways in order to further control the northern part of our country. The imperialists won't let things bother anyone, and they won't solve it for a long time. They finally put forward a condition: if the Qing government used their engineers to build the railway, they could no longer interfere. They thought that under such threat, the railway could not start, and finally they had to turn to them for help. The imperialists were all wrong. China had their engineers, and Zhan Tianyou was one of them.

1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou railway. When the news came out, it sensationalized the whole country. Everyone says we can win a sigh of relief this time. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "China engineers who can build a railway north of Nankou have not yet been born." It turns out that from the south exit to the north through Juyongguan to Badaling, there are mountains, deep streams and cliffs all the way. They think that famous foreign engineers dare not try such a difficult project easily, and as for China people, they can't finish it anyway.

1905, the Qing government appointed Zhan Tianyou as the chief engineer to build the railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. As soon as the news came out, it caused a sensation all over the country, and everyone said that we could fight for breath this time. The imperialists think this is a joke. A foreign newspaper said contemptuously, "The China engineer who built the railway in the south to the north has not yet been born." Originally, from south to north, it crossed Juyongguan to Badaling, with ravines and steep rock walls. They think that famous foreign engineers dare not try such an arduous project easily, and as for China people, they can't finish it anyway.

Zhan Tianyou, not afraid of difficulties and ridicule, resolutely accepted the task and immediately began to survey the line. Where to cut mountains, where to build bridges, where to level steep slopes and where to reduce curvature all need to be investigated and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encourages the staff, saying, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. The expressions' probably' and' almost' should not come from engineers. " He personally took students and workers, carried benchmarks and theodolite, fixed points on the cliff, surveying and mapping. The Great Wall is often windy and dusty, and if you are not careful, you are in danger of falling into a deep valley. No matter how bad the conditions are, Zhan Tianyou always insists on working in the wild. During the day, he climbed mountains and surveyed routes; In the evening, he paints and calculates under the oil lamp. In order to find a suitable route, he often asks local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be built; Otherwise, it will not only make foreigners laugh, but also make engineers in China lose confidence.

Zhan Tianyou was not afraid of difficulties or ridicule, so he resolutely accepted the task and immediately began to survey the route. Where to cut the mountain, where to bridge the bridge, where to put a steep shovel and where to put a small change in camber must be surveyed and carefully calculated. Zhan Tianyou often encourages employees to say, "Our work must be accurate first, and we can't be a little sloppy. Probably' almost' this argument should not come from the mouth of engineers. " He himself took students and workers, carried a pole and a theodolite, fixed points on the cliff, surveying and mapping. The wind roared in the distance. Yellow sand filled the sky, and I accidentally fell into a dangerous abyss. No matter how bad the conditions are, Zhan Tianyou always insists on working in the fields. During the day, he had to climb the mountain and survey the route; In the evening, he paints and calculates under the oil lamp. In order to find a suitable route, he often asks local farmers. When encountering difficulties, he always thought: This is the first railway built by China people themselves, and it must be repaired; Otherwise, it will not only lead to ridicule from foreigners, but also make China engineers lose confidence.

The railway has to pass through many high mountains, so it is necessary to dig tunnels, among which Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most arduous projects. Juyongguan Mountain is high and the rock stratum is thick, so Zhan Tianyou decided to adopt the method of simultaneous excavation from both ends to the middle. The spring water at the top of the mountain seeped downward, and the tunnel was full of mud. There was no water pump on the construction site, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead in carrying buckets to drain water. He often eats and lives with the workers and never leaves the construction site. Badaling Tunnel is over 1 100 meters long, which is three times as long as Juyongguan Tunnel. He discussed with the old workers and decided to adopt the intermediate sinking method. First, a shaft was drilled from the top of the mountain, then both ends were dug, and the outer ends were also constructed at the same time, which shortened the construction period by half.

This railway must cross many mountains and a tunnel must be dug, among which Juyongguan and Badaling tunnels are the most arduous projects. Juyongguan Mountain is high and the rock stratum is thick, so Zhan Tianyou decided to cut into the middle from both ends at the same time. The water from the mountain spring seeped down and the tunnel was full of mud. There was no pumping place for the machine, so Zhan Tianyou took the lead in carrying a bucket to drain water. He often talks with workers about eating for living, not leaving the construction site. The total length of Badaling Tunnel is 100 meters, which is three times as long as Juyongguan Tunnel. He discussed with the old workers and decided to adopt the method of central sinking. First, he dug a shaft from the top of the mountain, dug it at both ends respectively, and constructed it outside, shortening the construction period by half.

The railway passes near Qinglong Bridge, with a particularly steep slope. How can a train climb such a steep slope? Zhan Tianyou designed a herringbone line along the mountain. When the northbound train arrives at the south exit, two locomotives are used, one is pulling in front and the other is pushing back. After crossing the Qinglong Bridge, the train went northeast, crossed the fork of the herringbone line and turned upside down. The original locomotive was pulled and pushed, making the train turn to the northwest. In this way, it is much easier for the train to go up the hill.

The railway crosses the nearby Qinglong Bridge with a particularly steep slope. Training how to climb that steep slope? When Zhan Tianyou went down the mountain, he designed a herringbone line. There are two locomotives when the train runs north to south, one in front and the other in the back. After crossing the Qinglong Bridge, the train runs in the northeast direction. When passing an inverted herringbone line crossing, the original locomotive pushes and pulls, which makes the train stop moving to the northwest. In this way, it will be easier to train up the mountain.

The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident gave a powerful counterattack to the imperialists who despised China. Today we go to Badaling by train and pass Qinglong Bridge Station. We can see a bronze statue, which is the statue of Zhan Tianyou.

Jing Zhang Railway was completed in less than four years, two years ahead of schedule. This incident made a powerful counterattack against the contempt of the China imperialists. Today, we go to Badaling by train and cross Qinglongqiao Station. You can see a statue, which is the statue of Zhan Tianyou.