Brief introduction of three-way cutting Wei

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was a campaign launched by Zhuge Liang, Minister of Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms Period from 228 to 234 AD. There were five times, but there was no major victory. Cao Wei also launched a counterattack, but it didn't succeed. Finally, Zhuge Liang died from overwork.

Situation between the two countries

In 226, Cao Wei's Emperor Cao Pi died of illness, and Cao Rui acceded to the throne. Zhuge Liang thought it was an opportunity to explore Cao Wei in the North. In the spring of 227, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Hanzhong and began to prepare for Cao Wei's Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang wrote a letter to Liu Chan, "A Model", stating the reasons for being a model, indicating the determination to unify the Central Plains, and kicking off the five northern expeditions.

The first northern expedition

In the spring of 228, the Shu army prepared for the Northern Expedition. General Wei Yan put forward the plan of the meridian valley, asking Zhuge Liang to send 10 thousand troops out of the meridian valley to attack Tongguan, and join forces with Zhuge Liang's army sent by Gu Jie to pacify the west of Chang 'an in one fell swoop, but Zhuge Liang refused. Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi led the troops to suspect soldiers, and Ji Gu posed as a northward attack to attract Wei Jun. Zhuge Liang led the main attack on Qishan.

Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding counties in Longyou successively rebelled against Wei and responded to the Shu army. At the same time, Wei surrendered to Jiang Wei, Zhuge Liang's army. Guan Zhong was stunned. Cao Rui (Wei Mingdi) of Luoyang led an army to rescue him, personally went to Chang 'an to sit in the town, and sent General Cao Zhendu to Yan County to defend Zhao Yun and Zhang Heling against Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang also sent Ma Su as a pioneer to guard the street kiosks.

Zhang He met Ma Su in the street pavilion. Ma Su didn't follow Zhuge Liang's plan and couldn't go down Nanshan. Zhang He sent someone to cut off its water source and launched a large-scale attack. The Shu army was defeated, Ma Su fled, and the street pavilion fell. At the same time, Zhao Yun's army in Ji Gu is also very unfavorable. Zhuge Liang took more than a thousand troops from West County and led his troops back to Hanzhong.

After Zhuge Liang returned to Hanzhong, Tianshui, Nan 'an and Anding were pacified by Cao Zhen and Zhang He. Zhuge Liang, on the other hand, failed in the war because he violated military orders, and put Ma Su in prison. Meanwhile, Jiang Wan came to Hanzhong, hoping to intercede for Ma Su. In order to obey the military orders, Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, and also raised Wang Pingze for his meritorious service. Zhuge Liang wrote to lower himself to the third class and made self-criticism.

The Second and Third Northern Expeditions

In the winter of 228, Cao Xiu, a general of Cao Wei, was defeated by Lu Xun in Shi Ting. Zhuge Liang heard that Wei Jun was advancing eastward, so Zhu Gejin, Bai Shu's younger brother, said, "There is a small valley in Suiyang. Although the cliff is steep and the water is flowing freely, it is difficult to March. In the past, it was waiting for the main road to enter. Today, the former army will rule this road, which will be enough to climb the thief's potential to Chencang and make it impossible to divide the army eastward. " Send troops to disperse customs and surround Chencang. Sure enough, Zhang He's army was immediately recalled by Wei Mingdi. Previously, Cao Zhen sent general Zhao Hao and Xinmeile Co., Ltd. to station troops in Chencang 1000 people. In addition, the terrain of Chencang is dangerous, and it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. The two sides fought fiercely for more than 20 days, regardless of the outcome. The Shu army had problems in transporting food. When they heard that Wei reinforcements were coming, they had to return to Hanzhong. On the way back from his studies, he successfully killed the general Wei, Xinmeile Co., Ltd., who came to pursue him.

In the spring of 229, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Jie to attack Wudu and Yin Ping, and Guo Huai, the general of Cao Wei, led the troops to help. However, when he heard that Zhuge Liang was wandering, he retreated and the Shu army successfully occupied two counties. Zhuge Liang appeased the local Miao and Qiang people, and then left the army to lead his own army back to Hanzhong. Because of the successful capture of the second county, Liu Chan rose back to Zhuge Liang as prime minister.

In June 230, Cao Wei wanted to defend the enemy, and Cao Zhen wrote to attack Shu and sent his troops to attack Hanzhong. Zhuge Liang not only strengthened his defense, but also asked Li Yan to lead 20 thousand people to Hanzhong to stop the enemy. However, due to the danger in Shu, and the continuous heavy rain for 30 days, Wei Jun had to retreat. However, Xia's son successfully walked out of the valley and achieved success, but he was ambushed by the long-awaited Shu army. When reinforcements arrived, he had to run away. At the same time, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi to Nan 'an, Wei Yan defeated Guo Huai and Wu Yi defeated Fei Yao.

The fourth northern expedition

In the spring of 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang made another northern expedition, transporting grain with wooden cattle and encircling Qishan. And Cao Rui immediately sent Sima Yi as commander in chief, and the overseers resisted. After Zhuge Liang knew it, Wang Ping was left to continue to lead the troops to attack Qishan, and he led the main force to attack Sima Yi. Zhuge Liang defeated Wei generals Guo Huai and Fei Yao in Shang Yang to defeat Sima Yi's army in one fell swoop. Sima yi knew that the Shu army had come from afar and had limited food logistics, so he stuck to it and took defensive measures and refused to participate in the war.

General Wei Jun was very dissatisfied with Sima Yi's cowardice and laughed at him. At the repeated demands of the generals, Sima Yi had to send Zhang He to attack Wang Ping without an army, but he did not pull it out. He led the troops to meet Zhuge Liang, and Zhuge Liang sent generals Wei Yan, Gao Xiang and Wu Ban to lead the troops. They defeated Wei Jun, killed more than 3,000 people of Wei Jun, and got 5,000 yuan for Xuanjia and 3,000 yuan for crossbows. Sima Yi won't fight again. Before Zhuge Liang sent Li Yan to supervise the grain and grass, fearing that something would go wrong, he gave him three choices and told him to do things cheaply: "Go ahead bravely and break the back road." The recruits endured all this. I still live in loess. "Later, Li Yan was afraid of bad food luck and sent Ma Zhong and Fancheng to call Zhuge Liang back. Later, Li Yan discovered that he had misjudged himself and wanted to kill the governor, Lingyun Censhucai. Zhuge Liang came back and asked him instead, "We have enough rations. How can we go back? "On the other hand, a message was sent to the patriarch:" The great army withdrew from the army by taking a false road, hoping to lure thieves to fight. "Things finally exposed. Combined punishment for several crimes belongs to the common people.

The Fifth Northern Expedition

In the spring of 234, after three years of preparation, Zhuge Liang led a hundred thousand troops out of Xiegukou and sent an envoy to Dongwu, hoping that Sun Quan could attack Wei at the same time. In April, the Shu army arrived in Yan county and camped in Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Wei River. Sima Yi led a camp in last stand, Wei Jun, hoping to consume the food and grass of the Shu army again in the protracted war and make the Shu army retreat on its own. Zhuge Liang also understood the problem of lack of food and began to farm to produce food. Sun Quan also led hundreds of troops north to respond to Shu Han, but was defeated by Cao Rui himself.

On one occasion, Zhuge Liang sent Meng Yan to the north of Wugong Shuibei, which coincided with the rising water and blocked the connection between Zhuge Liang and Meng Yan. Sima Yi took the opportunity to send troops to attack Meng Yan. So Zhuge Liang sent engineers to build bridges, and crossbowmen shot arrows at Sima Yi's troops. Seeing that the bridge was about to be built, Sima Yi had to retreat. Wei and Shu armies fought for more than a hundred days, during which Zhuge Liang sent people to challenge them many times, but Sima Yijun couldn't hold on. Later, Zhuge Liang specially asked someone to bring Sima Yi a set of women's clothes and headscarves, indicating that Sima Yi was just like a woman. General Wei Jun was furious and demanded war. In order to prevaricate the generals' demands, Sima Yi pretended to give Wei Mingdi a conclusive report. Cao Rui sent Wei Yan and Xin Pi as military advisers to control Sima Yi at the front. Zhuge Liang understands that this is just a show. Sima Yi learned from Zhuge Liang's next war generals that Zhuge Liang did everything himself, ate small things and worried about things, thinking that Zhuge Liang would not live long.

In August, Zhuge Liang really broke down from overwork and his condition deteriorated day by day. Sima Yi was unable to unify the army while Zhuge Liang was seriously ill. Instead, he led an army to attack, beheading more than 500 people, cutting more than a thousand lives and dropping more than 600 people. When the news reached Chengdu, Liu Chan sent Li Fu to see Zhuge Liang and asked about the country's future plans. Zhuge Liang also explained things to the generals, letting Yang Yi and Fei Yi lead the troops to retreat, and Wei Yan and Jiang Wei were responsible for patrolling. Soon, Zhuge Liang died in the military camp. According to Zhuge Liang's final deployment, Yang Yi and Jiang Wei kept a low profile, did not send out obituaries, reorganized the army and retreated calmly. Sima Yi thought Zhuge Liang was dead and led an army to pursue him. Jiang Wei ordered Yang Yi to return to the army to attack Wei Jun. Sima Yi even pretended that Zhuge Liang was dead and lured Wei Jun to attack, so he quickly retreated and did not dare to pursue again. So the Shu army retreated calmly and entered the oblique valley before the obituary sent out obituaries. This incident was also circulated by Ren Wei as a joke: "The death of Zhuge scared away the life of Zhong Da".

result

Because Zhuge Liang decided to retreat with a more thoughtful Yang Yi, his enemy Wei Yan was dissatisfied and the two sides fought. In the end, Wei Yan was defeated and died in the struggle. Sima Yi of Cao Wei began to climb to the peak of power because of his active resistance to the enemy.