Artistic terms of humor

Humorous jokes can only come from people. Laughter is what people seem to hear and feel. Communication between people depends on language, and language depends on whether there is humor in language. Humor refers to the absurd and unexpected characteristics of something, but it is implicit or unforgettable in expression. For example, in the cross talk "Teasing You", the process of a thief teaching a child to call him "Teasing You" was very dull from the beginning, which made people feel a little puzzled at most. It was only when the clothes were secretly stolen that the result made people feel ridiculous until they suddenly realized that the horse's performance was tight inside and loose outside, orderly, vivid and subtle, which made people laugh and feel happy.

Interpretation of humor by psychoanalytic theory;

According to Freud's theory, humor can express repressed thoughts in a socially permissible way. In his book Jokes and Their Relationship with the Subconscious, he pointed out that through humor, individuals can freely express their attacks ("pranks") or sexual desires without worrying about the counterattack of ego or superego. When telling jokes, because the energy of anti-spiritual catharsis is no longer needed, this energy is released in laughter. Jokes, like dreams, are usually forgotten quickly because they are also used to deal with "dangerous" things. In fact, in order to make people laugh, a joke must contain something that stimulates anxiety. According to Freud, we can only laugh at some annoying things. A test of American humor shows that sex, extinction and death are the public's favorite themes, which may show a Freudian believer that they contain a lot of repressed thoughts. In fact, in their words, if you want to know what is repressed in a person's subconscious, you just need to test what kind of humor this person likes. Funny is to expose the contradiction of things in ridicule and gag, so as to achieve the purpose of criticism and satire. Satire is the use of metaphor and exaggeration to expose, criticize or laugh at bad or stupid behavior. Humor and the two are both related and different. The explanation in Ci Hai is: "Through the rhetorical devices such as innuendo, allegory and pun. In a well-meaning smile, the fallacies and irrationality in life were exposed. Lenin said: Humor is a beautiful and healthy quality. For this reason, some people regard humor as a sign of maturity. Our life today is full of sunshine and laughter, but we might as well let humor serve as a psychotherapist after our intense work. At that time, life will be more interesting And humor will make people live longer! Norwegian research shows that adults with a sense of humor live longer than those who lack pleasure in life, and the death rate of cancer patients with a strong sense of humor is 70% lower than those without a sense of humor.

Humor is a very hot topic, and there is no clear and consistent explanation about what humor is. Humor comes from life and is also learned. Humor is a language form processed by art, and it is an artistic language. Humor is an artistic method, which makes literary works use laughter as an artistic means.

Humor-speak humorously. The Biography of Hanshu Dong Fangshuo: "Its words specifically refer to Shang Yang and Han Fei, meaning debauchery and quite humorous." One of the poems of Tang Du Fu's "Social Day": "I still miss Dong Fangshuo and leave the humor of the meat." Xu Dishan's "A withered Yang gives birth to flowers": "Si Jingdi is very open-minded and sometimes humorous." China has a history of thousands of years of civilization, and its language and culture are becoming more and more mature. Language has a gradual process from primitive to evolutionary. Primitive people's way of working is very simple, just hunting and farming activities, and their language is very simple, talking about ordinary life and work. After the use of machinery, the mode of labor is complicated, and in collective activities, the relationship and communication between people are also complicated, especially in business and diplomatic activities, a little carelessness in language often causes trouble. In communication, people learn to use heuristic language because many words are not suitable for straightforward statements. For example, when an old man dies, he always says "dead", "gone" and "dead", instead of just saying "my father is dead". In the early years, when a woman mentioned her husband, or her husband mentioned his wife, she was embarrassed to say it directly. Instead, she said "the father of the child" and "the mother of the child". An old lady said that her husband was "the pole of our tobacco bag" and all of them turned.

A bend, in tortuous and implicit terms. At first people said "go to the bathroom" and "go to the bathroom", and later they said "go to the bathroom" and "go to the locker room". This is the result of language evolution brought about by the increasingly complex relationship between people and the progress of civilization.

As the saying goes, practice makes perfect, so does the use of language, especially in jokes, when people speak, they often use "Qiao". For example, "I am full alone, but my whole family is not hungry", which obviously means: living a single life. I remember the writer Mark Twain said, "It's the easiest to quit smoking. I have quit more than 200 times. " But when people listen, they understand. What he said is that you can't always quit! This statement is very clear and funny. Obviously, it is an artistic grammar and a creative language, which naturally comes from wisdom. This is humor. Humor is not a word that has existed since the birth of Chinese characters. Most people think that this word was first introduced to China by Mr. Lin Yutang, a master of Chinese studies, in 1924. However, Zhang Jiping, a member of China Regional Culture Research Association and director of Shandong Folk Writers Association, thinks this is not accurate. Zhang Jiping told reporters that the first English word "humor" should have been translated into Chinese by Wang Guowei, a master of Chinese studies, which was 18 years earlier than Lin Yutang's first translation method of "humor".

1906, Wang Guowei published Qu Zi's Literary Spirit, in which the word "humor" was generally discussed and transliterated as "Omuya". He thinks "Omuya" is a philosophical attitude towards life, but it has not been discussed or discussed again. From 65438 to 0924, Lin Yutang wrote an article in the supplement of Morning News and named Humor as the Chinese translation of Humor. So strictly speaking, the first person who translated the word "humor" into Chinese should be Wang Guowei, and "humor" has been in China for 100 years.

It is understood that the word "humor" first appeared in Qu Yuan's Nine Chapters of Huaisha: "Wen Wan is meaningful and Kong Jing is humorous." "Humor" here means "Humor is silent". However, the word "humor", as a transliteration loan word, has nothing to do with the word "humor" in ancient China. Only with the quenching of the new meaning of the word "humor", as the original meaning of ancient Chinese vocabulary, "humor" was gradually replaced by the new meaning. Lin Yutang explained: "Anyone who is good at humor will be more reclusive;" And those who are good at appreciating humor, especially the inner silence, have a kind of inhuman taste. Unlike rude jokes, the quieter the humor, the more silent it is. "

Lin Yutang translated "humor" into "humor", and many cultural celebrities disagreed at that time. Lu Xun once thought it was easy to be misunderstood as "silence" or "seclusion", but he felt that this translation was inappropriate. Translator Li Qingya advocates translating it into "punch lines", but "punch lines all over the world" is an idiom with the meaning of "all talk and no action". The linguist Chen Wangdao intends to translate it into "oily", but he thinks it is not accurate enough and frivolous. Later, the linguist Tang translated it as "harmony and harmony", and thought that harmony and harmony constituted the whole "humor". Finally, Lin Yutang's translation method was recognized by the world and has been used ever since.

Since the 1920s, Lin Yutang, together with Lu Xun, the standard-bearer of China's New Literature Movement, used humor to fight against imperialism and feudalism in politics, ideology and culture, explored the theory of humor in junior high schools, and created a diaosi-style prose with high tone, humorous language and sharp allegory. Lin Yutang himself was also called a "master of humor".

Etymological significance of χ υ μ: Humor in English and French comes from ancient Greek medicine. They believe that there are four kinds of fluids in the human body to control health and mood, called "chyle", which generally refers to juice, including blood, yellow bile, phlegm and black bile. Depression is caused by too much "black bile" in the body, and the solution is to laugh. Humor has evolved into an interesting meaning in English, and Lin Yutang translated it into humor in English in 1924.

Humor in English can also be written as humor, but these two words are different. Besides, in the western world, the word humor does not necessarily have an interesting meaning. Humor in French means mood, not humor. John hadfield, an anatomist at Cambridge University, believes that although human beings have begun to master the mechanism of anger and depression, their understanding of laughter is still very limited. Why we laugh when we see politicians sneering on TV is still a mystery. Crosstalk: To achieve humorous effect through language or dialogue. Joke: It makes people feel funny through an interesting little story.

Wulitou: It's funny to use seemingly illogical language and body movements. Parody: Imitation makes people feel funny.

Trick: Make the viewer feel funny by unreasonable means (such as drawing a moustache on the photo).

Thirty-second humor: let readers enjoy happiness and experience humor in a short time through a relatively short form of humor. It can be in the form of words, pictures and videos.

Black humor: a literary school that rose in the United States in the 1960s, making helpless and bitter cynicism about the absurd social reality full of contradictions. Later, it also refers to this helpless and bitter expression style. It is a kind of "black" and "humor" which combines ridicule, criticism, exposure and irony, fantasy and negation.

April Fool's Day: A day that can cause many jokes. People play jokes on people around them in various ways.

Dong: It is the translation of English "Stand Up Comedy". This translation is so "Cantonese" that many Hong Kong people find it vivid. Although the word originated in the West, it has many similarities with the cross talk of China people. It is only in this era of "seeking novelty" and "seeking creativity" that young people have accepted some easy-to-understand and vivid terms.

Cold humor: a little black humor, but different from black humor. It is called "cold humor" because it is not only humorous, but also "cold".

Humor: Humor similar to cold humor, but different from cold humor. Humor intention is not obvious, but in the process, one party's strength will always be highlighted, while the other party is not afraid of strength, constantly challenging, giving people the feeling of boredom, but the process is a clever combination of wisdom and interest. When two or more parties jointly construct challenges and challenges, they do not deliberately make people laugh, which is an unintentional humor. The last laugh is the humor excavated by the participants and the audience themselves. Humor is the kind of humor that can make people gain knowledge and produce memories at the same time.

Czech humor: The characteristics of Czech writer Hrabal's works are permeated with thoughts and worries about people and society, which makes people feel bitter and depressed after laughing.

White humor: White humor teaches people to feel scared and funny.

Network humor: humorous ways based on funny network language, such as: belly black, cheating, BQ5, diving, etc.

Picture humor: Picture humor is funny, interesting and funny pictures, which can be comics, street shooting and PS spoof. Funny pictures is relaxing.

Humor in speech

Use humorous language and sentences

1. Create momentum

Mr Lao She, a famous writer in China, is very humorous. At the beginning of a speech in a city, he said, "I want to talk to you about six questions today." Then, he spoke first, second, third, fourth and fifth in an orderly way. After talking about the fifth question, he found that there was not much time left for the meeting, so he raised his voice and said solemnly, "Sixth, dismiss the meeting." The audience was shocked at first, and soon clapped happily.

Lao She used an art of "making waves" here, which broke the normal speech content, thus bringing surprises to the audience and receiving humorous effects.

leave out

At the end of 1985, the National Writers Association held its annual meeting in Luohu District, Shenzhen. At the opening ceremony, relevant leaders at the provincial and municipal levels spoke one by one and congratulated each other on their qualifications. When it was the turn of the secretary of the Luohu District Party Committee to speak, the opening ceremony had been going on for a long time. So he said, "First of all, on behalf of the Luohu District Committee and Government, I would like to extend a warm welcome to all the experts and scholars." After the applause, after a pause, he said loudly: "Finally, I wish the conference a complete success. My words are finished. " He ended his speech with lightning speed.

The audience was stunned first, and then burst into cheerful applause. Because, from the "first" to the "last" at once, the second, third and fourth are omitted in the middle ... Such a speech, like an unexpected stone, has achieved a groundbreaking humorous effect, and it is indeed unique in style and conception.

summary

The tea party for graduates of the Chinese Department of a university began with a speech by the secretary of the General Party Branch of the department. The three-minute impromptu speech was mainly to congratulate the graduates. Then Professor Peng gave a speech, the theme of which was to hope that the students would continue to study hard, and also quoted Lenin's famous words. Professor Pan, the third speaker, recited Gorky's "Haiyan" and encouraged graduates to learn the spirit of Haiyan. The fourth deputy director hopes that students will always remember their alma mater and teachers. Then, the graduates welcomed Professor Wang to speak. Professor Wang, who was unprepared and hard to refuse, stood up, briefly reviewed several unforgettable episodes of communication with his classmates over the past few years, and finally said slowly: "The previous ones have raised ardent hopes for everyone, but I still like to say what they said. (Laughter) First of all, I want to wish the students a smooth graduation! (Laughter) Second, I hope students will' study, study and study again'. Thirdly, I hope my classmates can brave the storm of life like Haiyan. (Laughter and applause) Fourth, I hope that students will not forget their alma mater and train your teachers hard! "

Here, Professor Wang ended a witty and humorous speech with great personality by briefly summarizing the topics of the top four, putting new wine in old bottles and not sticking to the old model.

Create humor with props

1. Comparison

At the end of "Speech at China University of the Arts", Mr. Lu Xun said:

"The above is my observation of the art world.

"Today, I brought a picture of five thousand years' culture in China. Please enjoy it. "

With that, he reached into his robe and slowly unfolded a roll of paper from his skirt. When he opened it, it turned out to be a sick and ugly monthly card. Suddenly the whole audience laughed.

Mr. Lu Xun performed with proper props, which was in sharp contrast with the conclusion and was very humorous. Not only did the speech end in a cheerful atmosphere, but also the audience further realized the profound meaning of Mr. Wang's speech in laughter.

Make puns

At the end of a speech in Yan 'an, Mao Zedong took out a box of cigarettes and touched it slowly with his fingers, but after a long time, he didn't take out a cigarette. Obviously, he ran out. The people concerned were very anxious, because Mao Zedong was a heavy smoker, so someone immediately set out to buy cigarettes. While speaking, Mao Zedong continued to touch the cigarette case. After a while, he smiled and took out the only cigarette, held it on his finger and said to everyone, "The last one!" "

As Mao Zedong said, this "last article" is the last question and the last cigarette. Punning, full of fun, the audience laughed, and the audience's fatigue and fatigue were swept away in the laughter.

With the help of humorous actions

Although it is rare to end a speech with humorous actions, there are many such examples.

James Lowell, an American poet and literary critic, gave an impromptu speech at a dinner in London when he was ambassador to Britain in 1883. Finally, he said, "I heard a story when I was very young. It's about an American Methodist minister. He preached in a camping sermon and told the story of Joshua. He started like this: "Believers, the sun moves in three ways. The first is forward or straight forward; The second is to move backward or backward; The third kind is mentioned in our scripture-standing still. Gentlemen, I don't know if you understand the moral of this story. I want you to know. After dinner tonight, the speaker will first go in a straight direction (get up and leave his seat to demonstrate)-that is, the forward movement of the sun. Then he came back and began to repeat his action-the backward movement of the sun. Finally, with a good sense of direction, bring yourself to the end. This is what we just said about the static motion of the sun. " (In laughter, Lowell sits down again.)

This vivid expression of sticking to the topic is vivid and seamless. How can we not win warm applause and laughter from the audience?

There are countless humorous endings of speeches. The key is that the speaker should have a sense of humor and properly grasp the atmosphere of the speech and the mentality of the audience in the speech, so that the conclusion of the speech can receive the sensational effect of "reverberation around the beam for three days".

Cold humor

Cold humor is a little black humor, but it is different from black humor. It can be understood as humor without obvious intention. When the parties tell a cold humor, they don't mean to achieve the humorous effect. This is a very casual humor. It's up to you to laugh or not. Cold humor is a kind of faint humor that is naturally revealed inadvertently. It is the humor that makes people become speechless, puzzled, thoughtful, epiphany and laugh, and it is the humor that makes people memorable.

Because the second half of cold humor is always unexpected, people who have a positive view of cold humor get colder and colder. The reason is that the second half of cold humor is always unexpected to the listener. The listener always hints to himself that "the second half of the cold humor can't be guessed", but people's curiosity keeps the listener guessing. The final result is the lengthening or deepening of the thinking process of "concentration and deliberation".

Say nifty

There is a saying in northern China that "nifty" means smart and interesting, and sometimes it means smart. One-liners are clever and interesting words. Usually say: "eat"! Change it to "fill your stomach"! It's a bit like a game. Everyone likes games. They always want to play and relax whenever they have the chance, and sometimes they want to show off their intelligence and make jokes. In general folk sayings, there are some quips, such as "don't sell oil, just knock on the bangzi", which means saying nothing. Another example is: "get off the donkey while walking the steps" and take the opportunity to stop; "Give a slap and rub three times" means to be calm after the fight; It's easier to understand that "eating tofu pays for meat". Metaphor has a clear meaning and a sense of humor.

There is a quip in the north, which is divided into two sentences. The first sentence is like a riddle, and the last sentence is like solving a riddle. Such as: "The dog bites the hedgehog-there is no place to talk", "Notice from the king of hell-nonsense" and "Tiger's ass-can't be touched". Metaphors are often used, and they are all very interesting and funny.

Humorous language, mostly witty. Su Shi's humor has been recorded in "Xie Bian": Po Gong is in Weiyang, and more than ten people are celebrities. Mi Yuanzhang was also present. After drinking half a cup, Bird suddenly praised himself and said, "Everyone in the world regards me as the top. I wish quality children look forward to it." Gong smiled and said, "I follow the crowd." (Mi Yuanzhang is Fu, Su Shi is Zi Zhan)

In modern terms, "I follow the crowd" means "I obey the majority", and "I follow the crowd" skillfully borrows a sentence from Confucius in The Analects of Confucius, all of which implicitly say: "It's just bumpy." Very witty and interesting. "Qi Yan Lu" records that Sun Shao was a teacher at the end of Wei Dynasty and asked, "How old is your wife?" He said, "Although I am old, I am still young." Then moved to Zhengqing.

A witty answer promoted Sun Shao from Shao Qing to Zhengqing, and he was by going up one flight of stairs. The basis of sense of humor is intimacy, and its object of perception and concern is "the degree of human nature". It can perceive things below its own humanized state and respond to the humanized trend. Therefore, it can be said that a sense of humor is a kind of intimacy with high and low.

General humor: For example, in form, children learn to walk to make adults feel humorous, and the humanized actions of dogs and kittens make people feel humorous. Even a water cup, if imagined as a standing human, will make people feel humorous. Humor is a good humanization trend.

Black humor: Contrary to ordinary humor, black humor is used to perceive the materialization and animalization of human nature. For example, the social pressure is too heavy, and individuals are suppressed into a machine of some kind of material image, which makes people produce black humor. The image of house slaves being oppressed into snails is black humor.

On the other hand, read widely and broaden your knowledge. If you accumulate knowledge to a certain extent and meet different people on various occasions, you will be prepared and comfortable.

Cultivate noble tastes and optimistic beliefs. A narrow-minded and negative-minded person will not have a sense of humor. Humor belongs to people who are broad-minded and passionate about life.

To improve observation and imagination, we should be good at using associations and metaphors. Participate in social activities and meet people with different personalities. Enhancing social skills can also enhance your sense of humor.

Empathy humor

Humor is because it is unexpected, incredible, exaggerated or strange.

This is the result of empathy.

Empathy is playing cards out of common sense, breaking away from normal thinking, giving people unexpected surprises and making people laugh and cry.

Similar to empathy, it is "going to extremes", expressing one thing, one person and one thing with exaggerated words and incongruous sentences.

Exaggerated to the extreme, you can get unexpected results and make people feel funny.