How to learn construction engineering technology well

In this paper, I will briefly introduce my personal understanding of this major, so that students can have an outline understanding and general concept of the basic content of this major and the relationship between classes, and can learn this major more consciously. Before getting down to business, you should carefully choose your major, weigh the pros and cons comprehensively, try to combine your own work, don't follow the trend, let alone listen to other people's suggestions, and fully consider your own strengths and weaknesses, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the environment and conditions, because after you have determined your direction, when you find that you don't agree with your interests after studying for a stage, you have wasted two or three years of efforts, and then you will be in a dilemma and get twice the result with half the effort. It is good to adapt to the needs of society and choose the right way out, but if you are too reluctant, you will make mistakes. After the major is determined, we must work hard for it. Learning is a very difficult thing. It is impossible to become a skilled engineer without hard study and exercise, let alone the road of self-study, but countless examples tell us that nothing is difficult in the world, as long as you study hard and steadily, the method is right. It will always succeed, and civil engineering is no exception. First, the basic content and training objectives of architectural engineering specialty. Civil engineering is one of the oldest disciplines of mankind. It can be said that civil engineering has existed since humans left the cave life in the wild. Civil engineering is called civil engineering in Europe and America, which literally translates as "civil engineering". After liberation, higher education in China has set up specialties. From the huge general disciplines of civil engineering, we have drawn out disciplines such as construction engineering, highway and urban roads, railway engineering, bridge engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, heating and ventilation engineering, etc. , and set up a major. Construction engineering is one of the most widely used specialties. Architectural engineering majors mainly train talents who are engaged in structural design, construction and project management in industrial and civil buildings. Although we are used to the house, perhaps many people can put forward pertinent and reasonable opinions on the room division, orientation, lighting and ventilation of a house from his life experience, but few people can notice and understand whether its structure is reasonable, because it is far beyond our common sense in daily life and requires some knowledge of mechanics and engineering structure. As for modern super-high-rise buildings, complex industrial workshops, all kinds of towering towers and special pipelines, the specialty of architectural engineering has profound and extensive scientific contents and broad scientific fields, which need us to explore and develop. It should also be noted that many people often confuse architectural engineering with architecture. In fact, these are two directions, each with its own professional content. Generally speaking, architectural design, foundation treatment, the final determination and treatment of various components (such as beams and columns), earthquake resistance and construction are the work scope of architects, while structural design and foundation treatment of buildings are the work scope of structural engineers and construction engineers majoring in architectural engineering. Because architecture has a strong artistic color, in some foreign schools, architecture does not belong to engineering colleges, but is located in art colleges. These two majors are closely related and interdependent, especially in various large-scale public buildings, which not only require high architectural art and give people a beautiful feeling, but also have complex structures due to various requirements and conditions such as modeling, space and function, which require close cooperation between the two majors. Second, the tasks of various courses in architectural engineering and their relationship. Teaching plans are all set around the training objectives of structural design and construction, and there is a main line running through it, that is, mechanics-structure. Mechanics, including theoretical mechanics, material mechanics and structural mechanics, is the theoretical basis of architectural structure design. The three mechanics have their own division of labor, and the learning order cannot be reversed, only slightly overlapping. Structures can be divided into superstructure and substructure, reinforced concrete and masonry structures, and steel structures. It mainly talks about the structural design theory above the ground, so it is called superstructure, while the foundation is about the structural design theory below the ground, so it is called substructure. If you want to learn mechanics and structure well, you need to have a mathematical foundation, so advanced mathematics is the same foundation as mechanics and structure. At present, all the comrades engaged in the theoretical research of building structures have a consensus that the in-depth study of many problems must rely on mathematics and mechanics, and it is difficult to solve the theoretical and practical problems of modern complex structures without a deep foundation of mathematics and mechanics. Surveying, mapping and building materials are necessary skills for civil engineering technicians and can be used anywhere. It is generally said that drawings are the language of engineers. If a civil engineering technician can't read drawings and can't draw, it's a big joke, because drawings are always inseparable from mechanical models, structures and processing, and final building construction. The designer expresses the design intention and data in the form of drawings through design calculation, and the construction is based on drawings. If you don't learn drawing well, the following courses such as architectural architecture, mechanics and structure will be difficult to learn. Building materials serve the building structure and construction. Different design theories of various structures, such as reinforced concrete structures and steel structures, are based on mechanics, but the design and calculation methods are completely different due to the different properties of materials. It can even be said that if there is a new breakthrough in traditional building materials, it will inevitably lead to innovations in all design methods and standards. Architectural architecture is about architectural structure, and it is necessary to have knowledge of drawing, and it is best to have knowledge of material mechanics before learning. The construction course is about how to build a house according to the drawings, that is, how to build a house. Many people have an illusion that field construction is mainly a matter of how to do it, and mechanical and structural knowledge is not needed. Actually this is very wrong. The builder must know mechanics and structure, and also need rich knowledge, so as to correctly handle technical problems and guide construction. Building Economy and Enterprise Management is a course about building economy, building quality and enterprise management. In the past, college graduates often lacked economic views and management ability. In the era of emphasizing construction speed and economic benefits, engineers and technicians must have basic knowledge and skills in this field. Third, master the characteristics of building structure, lay a good foundation and learn the major well. All kinds of houses have their own characteristics. For a beginner, I think he should first master two characteristics of common building structures and their calculation principles: 1. The superstructure of general industrial and civil houses can be regarded as connected by many bars (leaving aside the thin-shell grid structure for the time being), especially as children's building blocks. You can understand this as long as you pay attention to the unfinished industrial buildings. 2. All kinds of building structures, except houses, are motionless, and even if necessary, only very, very small movements or rotations are allowed. The first feature tells us that many houses we often see belong to the bar system, and all the loads are borne by various bars (such as purlins, truss beams, columns, etc.). ), and finally passed to the foundation from top to bottom. As for the common brick-concrete structure of residential buildings, only load-bearing walls are used instead of columns. At the same time, it also tells us why simple straight lines can replace real thick beams, columns and trusses in calculation. But we always simplify the original three-dimensional house into a plane to design and calculate, because this can greatly simplify the calculation workload and many difficulties, and ensure the accuracy requirements of the bar system. In addition, this is also an important basis for us to start with the design of a single basic component (beam, column, etc.). ) In various structural courses. The second characteristic tells us that we must keep in mind and master the balance of power. For the building structure, whether it is a single component or the whole structure, it is always in a state of balance. Therefore, in this major, three major equilibrium equations, namely = 0, = 0, = 0, are widely used in both the three major mechanics courses and various structural courses. Their physical meaning is that the algebraic sum of all forces projected in the X-axis direction is equal to zero; The sum of the moments of all forces at any point is equal to zero. All three are equal to zero, that is to say, there is no movement or rotation, and the component or the whole structure is in balance, otherwise it will be unbalanced, and the imbalance will move or rotate, which is taboo and not allowed. For a single member, if the external force exceeds its internal force (resistance), it will be unbalanced, leading to the instability or destruction of the member. The problem of balance is very important to the building structure and must be kept in mind and mastered. As mentioned above, the three courses of mechanics are the theoretical basis of the course of building structure. You must study hard. The three mechanics are interrelated and have their own division of labor. Theoretical mechanics is a subject that studies the general law of the motion of objects, that is, the change of the motion state of objects under the action of force. Balance is a special form, but it is the most important for building structures. Theoretical mechanics is generally divided into statics and kinematics. Statics is the study of the law of equilibrium of objects under the action of force. As for kinematics, it studies the forms and laws of motion of objects, which is very useful for studying structural dynamics and structural earthquake resistance in the future. The main content of material mechanics is to study the internal force and displacement of rod-shaped members under the action of tension, compression, shear, bending and torsion. The main difference between material mechanics and theoretical mechanics is that theoretical mechanics only talks about the motion (including balance) under the action of force, and does not involve the strength and stress of objects, while material mechanics mainly studies the strength of rods. Therefore, some foreign instruments are directly called "material strength". As for each structural course, it is based on mathematical mechanics, with actual materials, actual structure, processing and manufacturing, and carries out actual calculation and design. Reinforced concrete structure is a structure composed of composite materials (concrete and steel bars), which is widely used at home and abroad, so it is the main course of architectural engineering specialty. Masonry structure is a calculation theory to study brick or stone masonry structure, which has great practical significance in current civil buildings. As for the steel structure, the steel structure is light in weight and small in bar size, which is most suitable for building high-rise buildings and large buildings because of its uniform texture and high strength. However, due to its high price, it can not be widely used in China at present. Special attention should be paid to the foundation here, because it is a structure below the ground and bears all the loads of the superstructure, so it is called the substructure. Because the medium around it is soil, we must first learn soil mechanics. Many people only pay attention to the visible superstructure, but not to the substructure. You know, in building construction, foundation is very labor-intensive and financial. Generally speaking, civil buildings account for 20% of basic funds, but in high-rise buildings and large buildings, the proportion is higher and the requirements for basic design are higher. So this course is as important as other structural courses. Fourth, pay attention to learning methods For learning methods, I don't know how many celebrities and scholars have talked about philosophy and specific methods throughout the ages. It is true that these successful experiences of predecessors are worth learning and learning from today, but they should also be used flexibly in combination with the characteristics of our major and everyone's own characteristics. 1, we should study closely around the teaching plan and syllabus. The content of building structural engineering is extremely profound and extensive. Even if it is a part of a certain course, there are numerous documents at home and abroad. Therefore, for a beginner, we must first master the most important basic knowledge, that is, step by step according to the teaching plan and syllabus. The teaching plan stipulates the compulsory courses for this major, and the syllabus stipulates the compulsory courses for this major. The syllabus stipulates the main contents that each course must learn and master. Of course, the planned courses can't cover all the fields of building structure. Science is constantly developing and new disciplines emerge one after another. Therefore, the teaching plan gives the basic requirements for students according to the current reality in China, and it is also possible to master these basic requirements for further study. 2, repeated learning, handle the local and the whole. Our understanding of things is often from special to general, but in order to understand the essence of things more deeply, we must also return from general to special repeatedly. The most common mistake that beginners of a subject make is that they often work hard on the derivation of a single formula and calculation method, while ignoring its universal physical concepts; Understand individual chapters, but ignore the connections between them. So in the end, I often feel that my knowledge is fragmentary, even messy, lacking a complete and logical general concept. So while studying, we should repeat it over and over again. We should not only pay attention to the understanding of a formula and a theorem, but ignore the understanding and understanding of the whole discipline and even the whole profession. 3. Do more exercises. People engaged in engineering are always inseparable from calculation and drawing, so learning various engineering disciplines can not be satisfied with understanding books, but also must strengthen practical training. "Learning without thinking is useless". Doing the problem is to urge you to think about the problem and train your thinking method and calculation ability to solve the problem. 4. read reference books moderately. Each course has textbook regulations, which is naturally compulsory, but you should also read some reference books in moderation. Because every book and author has their own style and characteristics, as well as their accustomed language and writing style, you may not understand some problems in the textbook, but reading other books may be enlightening, so reading some reference books in moderation will help you deepen your understanding and broaden your thinking. Reading reference books is not necessarily like learning textbooks. You can read them selectively according to your needs. 5. Pay attention to practice. The current excellent situation and construction sites everywhere have created the broadest and most convenient practice site for my architectural engineering major. Even in a small town, as long as you pay attention, you can see the whole process from excavation to foundation laying to building capping in a very short time. Therefore, as long as you take questions, whether measured, charted, material, mechanical or structural, carefully observe and ask questions with an open mind, you will certainly benefit. Therefore, we should make full use of social infrastructure to increase our perceptual knowledge and learn our major well.