Translation of Biography of Bird Zhou Han in the Later Han Dynasty

Yuan Yuan 'an was born in Ruyang County, runan county. Grandfather learned Meng Yi, and Emperor Han Ping recommended him to read Ming Jing, and named him Scheeren.

In the early years of Jianwu, Chengwu County Decree was made. When Yuan An was young, he inherited the knowledge of his grandfather lyna. He is very solemn, prestigious and respected by the people of this state. I started to be a county magistrate. On one occasion, I took a campaign to the state to handle affairs and asked Yuan An to send a letter to the county magistrate. Yuan An said, "You are on a business trip. You have your own post office to deliver it for you." If it is personal, you shouldn't ask me for help. "politely refused to reply, and the staff was afraid, so they didn't trust him. Later, he was recommended as Xiaolian, and successively made Yin Ping county magistrate and Rencheng county magistrate. In the place where he works, officials and people respect and love him.

In the 12th year of Yongping (70), Liu Ying, the king of Chu, plotted against the imperial court, and the case was reported to the county for verification. The following year, the three governments recommended Yuan An to handle cases, thinking that he could handle complicated cases, and the emperor ordered him to be the magistrate of Chu County. At this time, the confession of Liu Ying, the king of Chu, detained thousands of people. Xian zong lost his temper and the case handlers were eager to finalize the case. Many people pleaded guilty and were sentenced to death. After Yuan An arrived in the county, he did not go to the yamen, but went to the prison, tried those who had no obvious evidence, reported them one by one, and let them out of prison. Fu Cheng's "Provowing the History of Yuan An" argues that anyone who agrees with Liu Ying, the king of Chu, is guilty of the same crime as Liu Ying according to law, but Yuan An disagrees. Yuan An said: "If there is any violation of the law, I will take full responsibility and will not involve you." So they reported them one by one. The emperor was moved by consciousness and immediately agreed to release more than 400 families from prison. A year later, Yuan An was recruited as Henan Yin. The law is very strict, but no one has ever been tried for taking bribes. He often said: "All officials want to be prime ministers, but they want to be state shepherds and imprison talents in the world of wisdom. This is something I can't bear to do. " People who heard this were very moved and encouraged themselves to be honest and upright. Yuan An was in office for ten years, and his political discipline in Beijing was very rectified. His reputation won the attention of the court.

In the eighth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China (83 years), he was promoted to a servant. In the second year of Yuanhe (85), Meng Yun, the satrap of Wuwei, wrote: "The northern Xiongnu was married, and the southern Xiongnu went to rob. North Khan said that the Han Dynasty deceived them and wanted to invade the frontier. Prisoners should be brought back to comfort them. " The emperor called hundreds of officials to the court to discuss, and the officials all thought that Yi Di was cunning and greedy. After he is captured, he will exaggerate himself and fail to set this example. However, Yuan An said: "The Northern Xiongnu sent envoys to pay tribute to their relatives and return the prisoners to the Han Dynasty, which shows that they were afraid of the prestige of the big shots, rather than breaking the contract first. Meng Yunmeng guards the frontier as a minister and should not be dishonest with Yidi. Let the prisoners go back, which is enough to show that China is very generous to them and can make the people on the border get peace. This is great. " Situ Yuhuan changed his mind and listened to Yuan An. Qiu and the Fifth Lun both hate Yuan An. Zheng Hong also loudly denounced Yuhuan and said, "Anyone who advocates the release of prisoners is disloyal to the emperor." Yuhuan scolded him on the spot. Both Da Hong Wu Lun and Wei Biao were flushed with anger. A captain from Li Si told the whole story to the emperor, and Yuan An and others handed the seal to the emperor to confess their crimes. Su Zong wrote a letter and said, "It takes a long time to discuss politics, which shows that people have different views. We should listen to more discussions on major events in the imperial court and make plans for everyone. Just speak politely. However, it is not a blessing for the court to remain silent when something happens. What faults are you to blame? Put on your hat and shoes! " Finally, the emperor listened to Yuan An's advice.

In the second year (86), Yuan An took the place of Wu Lun. In the first year of Zhanghe (87), Yuhuan was changed to Situ. And the emperor acceded to the throne, because young, Dou Taihou in the court, the empress dowager's brother general Dou Xian rode north to attack the Huns. Yuan An, Qiu Songyou, Si Kongrenkui and Jiu Qing wrote to the imperial court to dissuade them, arguing that the Huns did not invade the frontier and sent troops for no reason, which cost the country money and claimed credit thousands of miles away. This is not the correct national policy. Even a few books were detained and not reported. Song You was a little scared and didn't dare to sign the letter, and those ministers gradually fell silent. Only Yuan An and Ren Kui are still sticking to the right path, never giving in, and even taking off their hats for more than ten times. The queen mother still wouldn't listen. Everyone was worried about Yuan An, but Yuan An remained calm and comfortable. Dou Xian has sent troops to fight. His younger brothers, Dou Du, Wei Wei, Dou Jing and Jin Wu, went their own way and openly connived at their minions robbing property in the capital. Dou Jing also sent post horses to border counties without authorization, mobilized cavalry commandos and capable shooters, and ordered officials from Yuyang, Yanmen and Shanggu counties to be sent to Dou Jing's residence. The officials concerned were afraid to sayno. Yuan An impeached Dou Jing and mobilized the border guards without authorization, which made the officials and the people uneasy. The prefect listened to Dou Jingzhi's arrangement without waiting for the letter and should be beheaded. Li Si and He Nanyin, a captain, were also played. They wooed and attached to their nobles, failed to uphold justice, and demanded that their offices be removed and punished according to law. These commemorations were detained and not reported.

Dou Xian and Dou Jing were even more overbearing, arranging cronies in major cities, collecting taxes and bribing officials and people, and the rest counties followed suit. Yuan An and Ren Kui denounced the 2,000-stone magistrate together, and more than 40 people were demoted and dismissed from office. Dou gang bears a grudge. However, Yuan An and Ren Kui have always been virtuous and there is no way to harm them. At that time, Dou Xian invaded Wuwei. In the second year, North Khan was breached by Gengkui and fled to Wuhuan. No one cares about the northern part of Saibei, and the rest of Xiongnu are unknown. Dou Xian bragged about his achievements every day, and wanted to use his kindness to get on well with others in the northern Xiongnu. So he wrote a letter to Li Atong, the surrendered king of Lu Zuo, asking him to be a northern Khan, and set up a corps commander to take care of him, just as he used to be a southern Khan. The emperor handed the matter over to officials for discussion, and ten people, including Qiu Songyou, Taichang Ding Hong, Guanglu Xun Geng Bing, thought it could be done. Yuan An and Ren Kui finally appeared, thinking that "Emperor Guangwu's surrender to the southern Xiongnu was not to let him live in the mainland forever, but a stopgap measure, because he wanted them to resist the northern Xiongnu. Now that the north has settled down, South Khan should be allowed to return to the north and lead the surrendered masses together. There is no need to set up an aunt to increase the burden on the country. " Both Liu Fang and senior secretary Yin Mu agree with Yuan An. The matter was reported, but it was not decided in time. Yuan An was afraid that Dou Xian would go his own way, so he sealed the throne separately and said, "I heard that career is hard to find because things are unpredictable; Some things are easy to judge, because the reason is obvious and there is no need to doubt. I think the original intention of Emperor Guangwu to establish South Khan is nothing more than to make the North and South Khan stable and complete, so that the Xiongnu will be divided in two and the border will be safe. Emperor Xiaoming inherited the last wish of the first emperor and dared not lose it, so he sent generals to attack Saibei. In the early years of Zhang and He, there were more than 100,000 Han people. At that time, it was suggested to put them by the sea and move them to Liaodong in the east. Qiu Songyou and Guang Luxun Geng Bing both think that this will disappoint Nan Khan and they can't agree. The first emperor listened. Your majesty inherited the great cause, opened up the territory, and the general went on an expedition to crusade and wiped out the northern Xiongnu. This is really a great wish to declare one's ancestral business and make great achievements. But it is appropriate to handle it carefully and complete the original ideas of our ancestors. I think Nandan's father, Tu Youyou, led the people to surrender to the Han Dynasty, and has been in debt to the country for more than forty years. Three generations later, it was passed on to your majesty that you should inherit the legacy of your late emperor and achieve his great cause. What's more, Tun first put forward an opinion to make all Beilu submit, but now he is not allowed to come out to lead, and an A Tong who just fell is established. With a temporary idea, he violated the legacy of three generations, violated his promise to cultivate the village, and established the reactive power pass. Song You and Geng Bing knew the original plan, but they wanted to betray the kindness of the late king. Generally speaking, every word and deed is the key to the existence of a gentleman. Reward and punishment are the foundation of governing the country. The Analects of Confucius said: "Words are faithful and deeds are sincere and pious, even in a savage foreign country!" Now, if you break your promise to a South Khan, then other foreigners can't guarantee to practice their vows. Wu Huan and Xianbei just killed Bei Chanyu. Ordinary people are naturally afraid of revenge. Now that they have their own younger brother, Nanbei Lu will hold a grudge. The ancients believed that weapons and food were sometimes unnecessary, but credit could not be lost. Moreover, according to the old practice of the Han Dynasty, the annual cost of supplying Nandan Khan is more than10.90 billion yuan, and the annual cost of supplying the western regions is 74.8 million yuan. Now that the northern Xiongnu is far away, the cost will definitely double. This is a good way to empty the treasury, not to deal with the national plan. "The emperor wrote a letter to discuss.

Yuan An and Dou Xian had a tit-for-tat debate. Dou Xian insidiously relied on his own power, boasted, exposed people's shortcomings, and even cursed Yuan An, and threatened Yuan An with examples of Guangwudi killing Han Xin and wearing luxury, but Yuan An remained unmoved. Finally, Dou Xian established the Xiongnu Commander Quan Lu, and besides the establishment, he also established Khan, and soon rebelled, as Yuan An expected. Yuan An believes that the son of heaven is young and weak, and consorts are in power. Every time he went to court, he talked about state affairs with his courtiers, and no one didn't cry. Everything from the son of heaven to the minister depends on him.

1in the spring of 992, Yuan An passed away, which was greatly regretted by court officials. A few months later, the Dou family collapsed and the emperor began to govern himself. Looking back on the pros and cons of talking about state affairs before, Yuan An's son Yuan Shang was named Lang. Recalling Song You, taking Yin Mu as autumn and Liu Fang as mediocrity. Yin Mu, a native of Henan, died in an official position. Liu Fang, a native of the plain, later committed a crime, was dismissed from office and went home, committing suicide.

Zhang Chuan, Zhang Zi, from Xiyang, Runan, are descendants of Zhang Ao. Zhang Shou, the son of Zhang Ao, was named Chiyang Township, Xiyang, and was abandoned, so he settled here. Zhang learned Shangshu from his grandfather Zhang Chong when he was young, and he was able to inherit it. I am also honored by Taichang Huanrong. Diligent and tireless, bringing together hundreds of people. In the ninth year of Yongping (66), Xianzong started school in Nangong with four surnames as filial piety, and set up the Five Classics Department. Zhang used Shangshu to teach his disciples and was ordered to give lectures many times. Because it was difficult to meet the wishes of the monarch, except Lang, he was given clothes for horses and chariots and told to enter the palace to give the crown prince. Zhang is honest and upright, and abides by righteousness. After each lecture, he often corrects his mistakes, because seriousness makes people afraid. When Su Zong ascended the throne, Zhang was promoted to assistant minister and samurai corps commander. A few months later, he became the chief of the east. Zhang thought he was close to the emperor, but he didn't realize it, which meant some dissatisfaction. Therefore, the official said, "I am a fool and don't know much about classics. I don't know much about grammar. I want to dissect Fudian county, which is a thousand miles away. I must feel guilty for humiliating my position. " I thought in private that I wouldn't consider going out of town. I hope to keep my kindness and prepare redundant officials. Everyone is uneasy, and I dare not avoid ugliness. "The imperial edict replied," the scripture says, "Although I am outside, my heart will never leave the royal family." It is extremely effective to have a city near the people. Ugliness is inevitable, not far away. I'll give you 300 thousand yuan, so you should take office quickly. "Although Zhang is a Confucian scholar, his character is headstrong. After taking office, he will be promoted to a brave man and fight against the warriors. Zhang investigated and dealt with the dragon officer who killed the thief, thinking that the dragon officer would not be sentenced to death for collecting stolen goods. Thieves are hungry and helpless people, how can they exhaust the law! County magistrate Wang Qing, grandfather Wang Weng and former magistrate Zhai Yi all came to attack Wang Mang. When Zhai Yi failed, the others surrendered. Wang Weng kept the festival and fought alone. Wang Mang set him on fire. Father Wang Long, a captain in the early years of Jianwu, made contributions to Cao Cao, and Wang Qing is a miniature schnauzer. My father and I went to the county seat with our surnames. When we met a thief on the road, Wang Long defended the whole surname with his body, so he died. Wang Ben was also shot in the throat with an arrow and his voice was hoarse. The original magistrate thought that God Wang Qing was completely injured and could not lift it. When Zhang saw it, he sighed, "Is there any loyal minister who can't enjoy it? "So he was promoted to the far right Cao, and he also recommended Wang's" Three Generations of Death Sacrifice ",which should be another gift. Zou Wen was given to Sangong, so he was appointed as Shu Ren. Since Zhang started as a teacher, every time the emperor met Master Wang, he often said, "When Zhang was a lecturer, he always advised, and his words were sincere and out of sincerity. "It can be said that there is a style of historical fish."

In the second year of Yuanhe (85), the emperor toured founding ceremony in the east, toured the east county, and led Zhang, his protege and counties to gather in Shiyitang. The emperor first prepared his disciples' musical instruments and asked Zhang Fuyou to say a passage of Shangshu, and then he could practice the ceremony of the monarch and the minister. There is nothing wrong with giving special rewards. Zhang worked as an official for fifteen years, and in the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, he was promoted to be the magistrate of Wei County. Zheng, a native of the county, was appointed as the captain of the team and dismissed Dou Jing. Dou Jing later reset and sent Chamonix to thank him and said, "Zheng Zhi is a villain, and I have been wronged by him." It is said that his son is an official and addicted to chaos. Take this Cao Zi as a warning. "Zhang great anger, immediately put Chamonix into prison, saying Chamonix was unfair to Zheng Zhi's son and for a pretence avenged himself. Xia Meng had to be released from prison with an atonement order. Soon, the levy was Henan Yin. The Dou Jing family injured the city pawn again, and officials arrested him. When Dou Jing was angry, he sent a ladder to ride Houhai and other 500 people to fight Shicheng. Zhang's officials and others came from poor families, committed the crime of Houhai and were exiled to the north. Dou Jingnan was very angry, so he moved a book and mentioned that Xi Zhang and other six people received money, hoping to get back at them. Xi Zhang and others were afraid and reported to Zhang that they were willing to accuse themselves of concealing their sins and quit their lives. Zhang immediately wrote to explain his situation. The imperial edict of Dou Taihou said: "From now on, you shall not dismiss any official who holds the post of Jin Wu. When Dou failed, Zhang said, "I was so stupid. I didn't think Dou was guilty, but the crime was not revealed. Later, the world did not see his crime, only heard that he was killed, and did not show the national code and left it to future generations. It should be sent to the administrator for comments. When Dou Xian and others spoil you, ministers are afraid that it is too late to please. It is said that Dou Xian was entrusted by her all her life, with the loyalty of Yi Yin and Lu Shang, and even compared Mrs. Deng to the wife of the composition king. Now that Wei Yan is well, everyone says he deserves to die, and he no longer cares about before and after, analyzing his intentions. When I saw Hou in Yang Xia, I was loyal and kind every time. Last time I told the minister, I always tried my best to check the guests and never broke the law. It is said that the punishment of flesh and blood has three meanings, too thick but not too thin. Today's discussant thinks .. that is to choose YEATION, fearing that he will be in a hurry. He should cut and expand loans to respect virtue. " He Di was moved by Zhang's words, changed the title and returned to the fief.

In the fifth year of Yongyuan (94), Zhang was promoted to assistant middle school. A few months later, Yin Mu was appointed as Qiu. Resigned several times due to illness, and recommended Wei Jun satrap Xu Fang to replace himself. The emperor refused, and invited Huangmen to get sick, add delicacies and give money of 300,000 yuan. Zhang's condition is more serious. At that time, Lang was the assistant, so the emperor sent Xiao Huangmen to restrain himself, saying, "Yin and Yang are not harmonious, and ten thousand people are displaced. The court hopes that the public will consider the gains and losses, be United with the country, demand self-purification and shoulder the heavy responsibility. Who will share my troubles and responsibilities with me? " There is no hope of unifying thoughts. Stu Liu Fang is seriously ill, while Sikong Zhang Fen is old. I hope the public will bow and not show restraint. "Dare not go to court to apologize to zhang, return to the original position to continue. Although Zhang is a public official, and his father often lives in other places, Zhang has to go to Beijing every time his position changes. People who appreciate Zhang always go to Zhang's home for a drink every New Year, and everyone appreciates him. When his father died and was buried, the imperial edict sent messengers to relieve his grief with ox wine. Later, Zhang calmly boasted that he had something to meet at the court. Most of the officials recruited by the three governments are unfair. "Yan said that after returning, he immediately ordered the three governments to verify their history. Originally, Zhang had a private conversation, but I didn't expect Yan to fight at the meeting, which was very bitter. When he met with another thanks, Zhang accused Yan. What Yan said was not smooth. When Zhang got angry, he scolded him in court and Yan said that Zhang had complaints. Because Zhang was the teacher of the first emperor, the Emperor sent someone to call a meeting of officials, doctors and courtiers. Situ Lugai played Zhang in the Third Division, knowing that there was a festival in Gongmen, and he didn't hold his breath for the imperial edict, but he spoke wildly, blamed the envoys and failed to set an example for Philip Burkart. So he left his post. Zhang returned to the dormitory, thanked the students and closed the door without interacting with the guests. He Chang, the left corps commander, and most of his speakers praised Zhang's loyalty, and the emperor respected him.

Fifteen years (104), and worshipped as Lu Xun. A few months later, Duke Lu became Stuart. Died a month later. The court minister sat in the funeral car and gave him a burial place. Bei Mao's favor is different from his own. When Fu You was dying, he restrained his son and said, "I want to show my sacrifice in a dignified way and set a frugal example for the world." I can't preach kingliness and let officials act according to the system, so can I not talk about the economy? There is no need to build an ancestral temple after death. You can build a house with grass and then make sacrifices. "

Master Han Lingchuan, a native of Wuyang, Yingchuan, is a descendant of Hou Xiugui, a high arch. Dai is a famous surname in the village. Father Han Xun was the prefect of Longxi during Jianwu period. Han Ling lost her father at the age of four, and her adoptive mother and brother were called filial friends. In his prime, he gave his father's millions of dollars to his cousin, and the villagers even said that he had a high style. He started to be a county magistrate, and the satrap Ge Xing suffered a stroke and could not listen to politics. Han Leng secretly handled official business for GeXing, and went out for two years, and no one disobeyed the order. Ge Xing's son taught him to be an official, but Han Ling didn't listen, so he asked the complainant to report him. This official document has been submitted for inspection. The official thought that Han Leng covered up Ge Xing's illness and managed the position of county magistrate without authorization, so he locked Han Leng up. Xianzong knew Han Ling's loyalty and later wrote a letter to forgive him. Since then, he has been recruited into the DPRK, and he has been promoted to the official order five times. He and his servants Zhi Shou and Shang Shu Chen Chong are also famous for their talents. Su Zong once gave swords to all ministers, and only these three people specially wrote their names on the swords: "Han Lengchu Longyuan, Zhishou Shuhan, Jinan Drunk City." At that time, critics explained it this way: Han Lengyuan was considered to have a deep strategy, so he got Long Yuan; Zhiming Shouda had an article, so he got Chinese. Chen Chong is honest and simple, and his beauty is not in appearance, so he has succeeded. After Emperor Wu acceded to the throne, Dou Shi sent someone to assassinate Chang Lu, the son of Wang Wei, the king of Qi, at the Shandong gate. Some departments are afraid of Dou Xian, and they all deliberately doubt Liu Chang's brother. The emperor sent a letter to the State of Qi to investigate the matter. Han Leng thinks that the thief is in the capital, so he should not ask too far for fear of being laughed at by the treacherous court official. Dou Taihou was very angry and blamed Han Leng for sticking to his opinion. When it came to light, it was as he said.

Dou Xian was very afraid and asked the Queen Mother to attack the Xiongnu for atonement. Han Leng tried to dissuade her again, but the Queen Mother wouldn't listen. Dou Xian made great achievements, came back as a general, gained a great reputation and sent troops to Wuwei. When I met the Mausoleum of Xiciyuan, I asked Dou Xian to meet the coachman in Chang 'an. When Dou Xian arrived, the following officials discussed to worship Dou Xian, and Voldemort said long live. Han Ling said sternly, "Don't flatter your superiors, don't insult your subordinates, and long live the courtesy of anyone." Everyone who talks about it is ashamed to give up. Zuo Long, a senior minister, privately wrote a note about Niujiu to Dou Xian, and Han Lengju played a long story, and was sentenced to a light sentence. During the day, Schoolu built the Great Wall at night, so it is called Cheng Dan. Han Ling recommended several good officials to the imperial court, such as Ying Shun, Zhang Lu and Zhou Zhu. , are famous at that time. After Dou's failure, he was responsible for investigating the case, thoroughly investigating party members, and did not rest or take a bath for several months. The emperor thought that Han Leng was worried about his country and his family and gave him 300 horses. Han Leng was promoted to be the magistrate of Nanyang, and the court granted Han Leng special permission to go home to pay homage to the ancestral graves, which made the village feel more glorious. Hanling exposed thieves and bad guys, and the bad guys in the county were very scared, and the political number was strict and fair. A few years later, he was called into Korea as a servant.

In the winter of nine years (1998), it was common to do this for Zhang Fen. Died the next year. Zi Hanfu, Andi became Zhao's grandson and the phase.

Zhou Rongchuan, Zhou, Lu Jiang. When Su Zong was in Su Zong, he quoted Confucian classics and called him to be an official in Situ Yuan 'an's office. Yuan An talked with Zhou Rong many times and valued him very much. When Yuan played Dou Xian and Dou Jing for the North, they were all called up. Dou Jiake Xu Qiqi hated his guts and threatened: "You are a confidant counselor. You play dou's thugs and assassins all over the city. Be careful! " Zhou Rong said, "I am an orphan of Jianghuai. Thanks to the great kindness of my late emperor, I am already the master of two cities. Now that I can be promoted to Situfu, even if I am harmed by the Dou family, I am very willing. " So I often tell my wife that if there is a sudden disaster, don't rush to the funeral, hoping to wake up the court with a rotting corpse. When Dou failed, he became famous. From official orders to official orders. Out of Yingchuan satrap, breaking the law and being imprisoned. Think of Zhou Rongzhong Festival, he was reduced to * * * county magistrate. For more than a year, he was used as the satrap of Yang Shan. The passing counties were praised. Asked to resign because of old age and illness, and died at home. A special gift of 200,000 yuan, except for his son Zhou Xing as a doctor. Zhou Xing was famous when he was young. During the Yongning period, Chen Zhong, an important official, recommended Zhou Xingzhi's way: "When you think of the orders of ancient emperors, the words must be elegant and beautiful, hanging in later generations and listed in the canon." So Zhong Ni praised Tang Yu's articles and imitated the elegance of Zhou Dynasty. In private, I saw Guanglulang's Journey to Zhou Xing and the Book of Filial Piety, which were written in the boudoir with clear aspirations and heard in the state capital. Study the past and present to learn more. The article of "Three Graves" and the strategy of "Five Classics" are indispensable. Writing an article is very impressive. Shangshu made the emperor the mouthpiece of the king. I am stupid and black, but Zhu Lang has many vulgar officials and few elegant talents. Every time he drew up an imperial edict, he declared it inside and outside and took turns asking for help. Some are free because they can't, and the words are vulgar and rude. Zhou Xing's wizards, and those who arrive late, are very sighing. "So the imperial edict was worshipped as a business. Then he died. The son's name is Zhou Jing.