What did the ancients use to wash their hair?

According to historical records, ancient people washed their hair with Gleditsia sinensis or Polyporus umbellatus. Polyporus is used by richer people. Polyporus with some spices will have a strong aroma after use. Ordinary people just wash their hair with saponin. After checking the information, we found that the ancients were much more hygienic than we thought. During the Qin and Han dynasties, the habit of washing your head once every three days and taking a bath once every five days was formed. So that the government has a holiday every five days, which is also called "Hume". "Hailu Broken Officials" records that "Chinese law, once it is closed for five days, can rest and get up." The ancients also bathed with pancreas and bath beans. The pancreas in the Tang Dynasty played the role of chilblain cream. High-end products are called "face medicine" and "oral fat", which are used to smear the face and mouth. The palace will give it to officials in winter. In Du Fu's La Ri, there is a saying that "oral fat flour medicine is accompanied by kindness, and the jade tube is in the clouds". That's the truth. Dare to send labor insurance supplies in ancient winter. The ancients used plant ash and Gleditsia sinensis to wash clothes. Wash your hair with Taomi water and call it this pot. For example, in Zuo Zhuan's fourteen years of mourning for the public, there is "Pan Zhi died of illness." Extracted a paragraph, as follows, interested parties can have a look. The historical origin of bathing 1. The formation of bathing etiquette in pre-Qin period. Bathing is what is usually called bathing today, including bathing of head, body, hands and feet. However, the ancients had very fine divisions. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen said in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: Mu, Zhuo Fa also. Take a bath, shower. Wash your feet and sprinkle water. Take a shower and give up. The so-called "Zhuo" and "Sprinkle" means washing. From this point of view, the meaning of bathing in ancient times is not completely consistent with that of bathing today. Only by combining Xu Shen's explanations of "bathing", "bathing", "washing" and "bathing" can we bathe today in a complete sense. At that time, the villagers only bathed in the river. With the development of society, people gradually developed the habit of taking a bath, which was recorded in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen in Shang and Zhou Dynasties at the latest. Taking a bath is like holding a basin of water in both hands, which means taking a bath and washing your hair; Bathing is like a person in a vessel, and water drops are added to the casserole on both sides of the person, which means bathing, which means bathing. The bathing utensil is a bronze sword. Shuo Wen Jie Zi says, "Sword is a big basin", and water is used as a washing utensil. "Zhuangzi Ze Yang" records that "Gong Ling's three wives share the same bath and sword". Before the bronze mirror came out, the ancients often used the sword Shui Sheng to look at its appearance. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's "sword" (sword and sword are the same word in ancient and modern times) is like a person bending over a plate to look at its appearance. From the word "should", it looks like a person taking a bath, which is similar to the word "Yu". The only difference is that the word "Ying" in the bath shows naked bathing (Kang Yin's "A Brief Introduction to the Origin of Ancient Chinese Characters"). The word "welcome" shows people the scene of people taking a bath in the bath in the pre-Qin period. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, bathing etiquette was gradually customized. Because bathing has penetrated into all aspects of society, people have a deep understanding of bathing, not only as cleansing, moisturizing and keeping fit; As a grand etiquette in the pre-Qin period. You should bathe and purify yourself before offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. This is a fixed law, which means that you are clean and pious. It is called abstinence, also called fasting. The fasting ceremony began in the Shang Dynasty and was customized in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The fasting ceremony in the Western Zhou Dynasty was very grand and elegant. Before the major sacrificial activities, there were two fasts. The first time was called fasting on the 3rd day or 1 before the sacrifice, and the second time was called lodging on the 3rd day or1day before the sacrifice. Full-time officials preside over certain ceremonies and ask worshippers to fast and bathe to show respect for the gods. Fasting and bathing has always been an important part of sacrificial ceremonies in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is managed by full-time officials. This was recorded in Zhou Li. Bathing is closely related to the behavioral norms of people's lives. The Book of Rites contains: "Both men and women are happy, bathrobes and food." Living at home, both men and women should get up early, take a shower and change clothes. As a couple's gift, a wife can't share a bathroom with her husband. The so-called "no well inside and outside, no bath". There is also the etiquette of respecting the elderly at home. "On the fifth day, please take a bath with soup. On the third day, please take a bath. In the meantime, the surface is dirty, and Qing Tan invites you; Your feet are dirty, please wash the soup. " Etiquette stipulates that the younger generation should burn warm water once every five days to bathe their parents and once every three days to wash their hair. In the meantime, if parents' faces are dirty, they should burn rice and wash them with water. If your feet are dirty, wash them with warm water. It is also important to bathe in the birth ceremony. The Book of Rites says: "A child is born, bathed and obedient, and so is his wife." It also said: "When a son was born, he was in the side room. At the end of March, his mother bathed and appeared in the king's robes. " When the prince is born, the monarch and his wife will bathe and appear in front of the monarch in royal robes. Bathing is also an important etiquette in carrying etiquette. "Etiquette bride price" contains: "The manager is a guest, taking a bath every three days and taking a bath every five days." He also said, "If you don't come, the guests won't worship. You can eat after taking a shower." When receiving guests, people should wash their hair once every three days and take a bath once every five days. When the host entertains the guests with gifts, the guests don't need to thank them, but they should eat after taking a bath to show their respect for the host. The Book of Rites Jade Bath also stipulates that "a gentleman should always live in one household", "take a five-day bath and lick Hui Liang with millet bath" and "take a bath outside the bed". The Etiquette stipulates that before the festival is held, people who attend the sacrifice should wash their hair and take a bath first, which is called "bath". In order to protect the souls of the deceased, there are sacrifices in Japan and China, which is called a dangerous ceremony. In the Zhou Dynasty, the princes appeared before the emperor, and the emperor gave him a fief for him to bathe in Ji Wang, which was called "Tang Muyi". "Etiquette King System" says: "Fang Bo is the son of heaven, and the city of Tom is in the county of the son of heaven." Governors should wash their hair and bathe in feudal towns that specialize in bathing, and then they can go to the emperor and bathe themselves to show their respect for the emperor. Confucius took self-denial as his responsibility all his life and practiced the ritual of bathing. "Confucius bathed in sunshine" has long been known to the world. The formation and perfection of bathing etiquette in pre-Qin period is a summary of bathing going deep into all aspects of society and life. As a custom, it is followed by the world, which is unique in the history of world bathing. Paying attention to bathing is also an ancient tradition of China people. Second, the Qin and Han emperors bathed in the anecdote of Zheng's unification of China, and created a unified feudal autocratic centralized state in China, calling themselves the first emperor. At that time, there were hot springs in Lishan Mountain, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. After Qin Shihuang established his capital in Xianyang, he built a temple and a stone pool in Lishan, which was named "Lishan Hall". The Lishan hot spring in the bathroom became the royal washing place of Qin Shihuang. According to the book "Xin's Three Qin Records" quoted in Volume 71 of Taiping Yulan, it is said that Qin Shihuang came to Li Mountain for a bath one day and saw a beautiful woman standing by the green and quiet spring. She suddenly became lustful, regardless of etiquette, and went forward to flirt. Angered, the beautiful woman opened her mouth and spat at Qin Shihuang to fight back. Qin Shihuang immediately suffered from sores and thick blood, and he was in pain. Only then did Qin Shihuang know that this was a goddess, and he panicked and begged the goddess' forgiveness. The goddess bathed him with hot spring water and cured his sore. Therefore, the legend of Lishan hot spring, also known as "goddess soup", is quite interesting. The goddess punished the powerful Qin Shihuang. When he knew how to apologize, he cured his sore with a hot spring. This shows that Lishan Hot Spring has the medical function of "swallowing swelling and detoxifying", so it is called "New Stone and Three Ji Qin" for "future generations to take a bath". As early as the Qin dynasty, people realized this function of Lishan hot spring and came to the hot spring to bathe and cure diseases. This legend also illustrates the fact that Qin Shihuang liked bathing very much. The most famous palace in Qin Dynasty is Epang Palace. A waterway was built in Epang Palace to introduce Wei water and Fan water into the palace, and the powder water after bathing in the palace flowed out of the palace through the waterway, leaving a layer of dirt floating on Wei water. It is conceivable that there are many bathing facilities in Epang Palace for concubines to bathe in, and these bathing facilities are carefully designed, which can not only absorb river water, but also discharge sewage circularly, and even have facilities for filtering water for health and fan, so that they can not give up day and night and gurgle down. The bathing facilities in Epang Palace can be described as ingenious. Although Du Mu's description inevitably contains literary rhetoric, there is still a real historical legacy between his own lines, which is an example of the prevalence of bathing in Epang Palace. Entering the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, also left a record related to bathing in history. Since the pre-Qin dynasty, there has been a custom of feeling sad on the river, that is, bathing on the river in late spring and March can also eliminate ominous signs, diseases and disasters. This custom was very popular in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once took part in bathing by the river to pray for the unlucky children. Before the ancient people held a major sacrifice, both worshippers and worshippers should bathe themselves to show their reverence for the gods, otherwise it would be blasphemy. According to the Biography of Yidu, one year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to Ganquan Palace to offer sacrifices, accompanied by Zhang Kuan, a courtier of Shu. When a group of people walked to Weiqiao, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty suddenly found a woman taking a bath in the water under the bridge. Strangely, this woman's breasts are very big, seven feet long. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was surprised and sent someone to ask. The woman said, "The people in the seventh car behind the emperor know my origin." At that time, Zhang Kuan was sitting in the seventh carriage, and Emperor Wu of Han asked people again. Zhang Kuan replied, "She is a star, and she is responsible for offering sacrifices. If the sacrifice is unclean, there will be women with long breasts. " The so-called fasting means asking worshippers to fast and bathe before offering sacrifices. Obviously, Tianxing, who is in charge of sacrifice, is responsible for supervising the fasting of worshippers. The gods hate fasting and are unclean, so they "bow their heads every time they fast." According to Zhang Kuan's explanation, Tianxing, who is in charge of the sacrificial ceremony, must have found that the sacrificial ceremony was unclean through fasting, and let the phantom long-breasted woman bathe in the Weihe River to warn that the sacrificial ceremony should seriously bathe herself, otherwise it will not only avoid disaster, but also be convicted. After this incident, I think Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty will take part in the sacrificial activities again and will definitely take a bath for himself. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the bathing custom of the whole society has been formed, especially the good custom of "bathing for three days and bathing for five days" contained in the Book of Rites Bride, which was formally fixed by law in the form of "bathing" in the Han Dynasty. The so-called "Hugh Mu" is a legal holiday for court officials in the Han Dynasty. "Han Gong Yi" says: "Five-day holiday bath, also known as rest." "beginner's notes" said: "Chinese law: the official took a bath on the fifth day and said that he would take a rest and take a bath." "The Biography of Han Huo Guang" contains: "The light person does not bathe." Supplementary explanation: "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" Hu Note: Chinese officials must rest in the palace on the fifth day of the fifth day. "The Han emperor gave officials a day off every five days to go home to take a shower and wash clothes, which was fixed as a legal holiday. This is the first time in the history of our country to have a holiday on the grounds of taking a bath, which shows that the Han Dynasty attached great importance to the cleanliness of the Wash River and had a good habit of taking a bath often inside and outside the palace. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the "five-day bath" was changed to an official's rest and bathing every ten days, which was called "Hugh Huan". The morning, middle and evening of each month is a variant of Shang Han, and Han Yi is Huan, which means washing. Probably because ten days and one Huan means timing, and one Huan means ten days, so the Tang Dynasty system has the name of ten days off.