What antihypertensive drugs should I take for high blood pressure?

Reasonable use of antihypertensive drugs according to the condition of the disease can maintain blood pressure at a normal or close to normal level, which is effective in alleviating symptoms, delaying the progression of the disease, and preventing complications such as cerebrovascular accidents, heart failure, and renal failure. . There are many types of antihypertensive drugs, each with its own characteristics. At present, there is a trend towards long-acting preparations or dosage forms that have a long-lasting effect and reduce the frequency of taking, so as to facilitate patients to take them. Commonly used antihypertensive drugs are:

1. Diuretic antihypertensive agents: hydrochlorothiazide, cyclopentathiazide, chlorthalidone, furosemide, etc.

2. Central nervous system and sympathetic nerve inhibitors: reserpine, Jiangyaling, clonidine hydrochloride.

3. Adrenergic receptor blockers: β-blockers such as propranolol, propranolol, and metoprolol; α-blockers such as phenylbenzylamine, α+β blockers Such as sulfacinate and peace of mind.

4. Enzyme inhibitors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors such as captopril, enalapril, etc.

5. Calcium ion antagonists such as nifedipine, amlodipine, etc.

6. Vasodilators such as hydralazine, prazolidine, prazosin, cyanudine, etc.

7. Ganglionic and postganglionic sympathetic nerve inhibitors such as ethidine, pentamethylpyridine tartrate, etc.

8. 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists such as ketanserin.

9. Compound preparations such as Compound Antihypertensive Tablets, Compound Apocynum Tablets, Andaxerpine Tablets, etc.

I suggest you lower your blood pressure through diet.

Eating habits that patients with hypertension should pay attention to

① First of all, control energy intake, advocate eating complex sugars, such as starch, corn, and eat less glucose, fructose and sucrose. This type of sugar is a simple sugar and can easily cause blood lipids to rise.

② Limit fat intake. When cooking, use vegetable oil and eat more marine fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, thereby lowering plasma cholesterol. It can also prolong platelet aggregation, inhibit thrombosis, and prevent stroke. It also contains more linoleic acid. It has a certain effect on increasing the elasticity of capillaries, preventing blood vessel rupture, and preventing complications of hypertension.

③ Eat an appropriate amount of protein. The daily protein amount for patients with hypertension is 1g per kilogram of body weight. Eating fish protein 2-3 times a week can improve blood vessel elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thereby lower blood pressure. If hypertension is combined with renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited.

④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplants, kelp, and lettuce. Foods high in calcium: milk, kefir, dried shrimps. Eat less broth, because the increase in nitrogen-containing extracts in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver, and kidneys.

⑤ Limit salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g per day. That is, after removing the rubber pad from an ordinary beer cap, one flat cap of salt is about 6g. This amount refers to the total amount of table salt, including cooking salt and sodium contained in other foods. Properly reducing sodium intake can help lower blood pressure and reduce sodium and water retention in the body.

⑥ Eat lots of fresh vegetables and fruits. Eat no less than 8 taels of fresh vegetables and 2 to 4 taels of fruits every day.

⑦ Appropriately increase the intake of seafood: such as kelp, seaweed, seafood fish, etc.

Lifestyle of patients with hypertension

1. Stop smoking, drinking, tea and coffee. Low salt, high potassium, high calcium diet.

2. Refers to eating less than 6 grams of salt per day. A high-potassium diet can lower blood pressure. You should eat more fruits. If you have low potassium after taking diuretics, you should supplement potassium or take potassium-sparing diuretics. A high-calcium diet should include 1 pound of milk and 1 egg per day.

3. Low-fat diet.

4. Reduce mental burden and stimulation.

Three meals

The diet should be small and frequent to avoid overeating; patients with hypertension are often obese and must eat low-calorie foods. The total calories should be controlled at about 8.36 megajoules per day. , 150-250 grams of staple food every day, with animal protein and plant protein accounting for 50% each. Hypertensive patients without kidney disease or gout can eat more soybeans, peanuts, black fungus or white fungus and fruits. Dinner should be small and light. Excessive greasy food can induce stroke. Use vegetable oil containing vitamin E and linoleic acid for cooking oil; avoid sweets.

Eat more high-fiber foods, such as bamboo shoots, green vegetables, Chinese cabbage, winter melon, tomatoes, eggplants, bean sprouts, jellyfish, kelp, onions, etc., as well as a small amount of fish, shrimp, poultry, skimmed milk powder, egg white, etc.

Low salt

The amount of salt consumed by each person per day should be strictly controlled at 2-5 grams, which is about one teaspoon. The amount of salt should also be subtracted from the sodium contained in soy sauce used for cooking. 3 ml of soy sauce is equivalent to 1 gram of salt. Salted vegetables, fermented bean curd, bacon (eggs), pickled products, clams, dried shrimps, preserved eggs, and vegetables such as chrysanthemum, grassroots, and water spinach are all high in sodium and should be eaten as little or as little as possible.

High potassium

Potassium-rich foods entering the human body can resist the blood pressure and blood vessel damage caused by sodium, and can often "appear" in recipes. Such foods include beans, mushrooms, black dates, almonds, walnuts, peanuts, potatoes, bamboo shoots, lean meat, fish, poultry, root vegetables such as amaranth, rape, and green onions, and fruits such as bananas, dates, peaches, and oranges. wait. Fish is the first choice for patients with any type of hypertension, because epidemiological surveys have found that those who eat fish once a week have a significantly lower mortality rate from heart disease than those who do not eat fish.

Fruits and vegetables

The human body needs B vitamins and vitamin C every day, which can be met by eating more fresh vegetables and fruits. Some people advocate that eating 1-2 apples every day is good for health. Fruits can also supplement calcium, potassium, iron, magnesium, etc. Calcium supplementation Some people asked patients with high blood pressure to take 1 gram of calcium every day, and found that their blood pressure dropped after 8 weeks. Therefore, you should eat more foods rich in calcium, such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, walnuts, milk, peanuts, fish and shrimp, red dates, fresh mustard seeds, garlic sprouts, seaweed, etc.

Iron supplementation

Studies have found that elderly patients with hypertension have lower plasma iron levels than normal. Therefore, eating more iron-rich foods such as peas and fungus can not only lower blood pressure, but also prevent Anemia in the elderly.

Drinking water

Natural mineral water contains lithium, strontium, zinc, selenium, iodine and other trace elements necessary for the human body. The boiled water will produce calcium and magnesium that are beneficial to the human body due to precipitation. , iron, zinc, etc. will be significantly reduced, so it is appropriate to drink drinking water that meets the standards. Tea contains tea polyphenols, and the content in green tea is higher than that in black tea. It can prevent the oxidation of vitamin C, help the utilization of vitamin C in the body, and eliminate harmful chromium ions. In addition, it also contains trace elements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, and fluorine. Therefore, brewing 4-6 grams of tea (equivalent to 2-3 cups of tea bags) every day and taking it for a long time is beneficial to the human body.

If patients with hypertension can implement the above dietary principles and persist in them, they will definitely be beneficial to their health.

Principles of dietary therapy for high blood pressure

After suffering from hypertension, dietary therapy alone can no longer control blood pressure, but dietary therapy for hypertension is an important auxiliary treatment item, and it will appear over time. therapeutic effect. The following introduces a set of dietary therapy methods for high blood pressure, which are especially effective for the early stage of high blood pressure:

1. Get up early in the morning and drink a cup of cold water of about 1000ml. This can replenish the water lost overnight and keep the blood flowing for at least six hours. Lighten, directly reducing stress on the heart and blood vessels. It can also liquefy atherosclerotic plaques.

2. Salt-limited breakfast or salt-free breakfast

Salt-limited or salt-free breakfast can lighten the blood viscosity and facilitate glomerular filtration. Large amounts of urination can also reduce sodium Excreted from the body to achieve the purpose of lowering blood pressure. In the early stage of hypertension, doctors prescribe diuretic drugs such as hydrochlorothiazide to patients. The mechanism is to diuretic excretion and reduce the amount of hemolysis to achieve the purpose of lowering blood pressure.

3. Eat a light diet

Eat less fried, stir-fried and fried foods, eat more vegetables and diuretic and lipid-lowering foods, such as wax gourd, boiled soybeans, etc., and eat more vegetable oil , Eat less animal fat.

4. Control the total amount

No matter what food you eat, you have to control it to half full and 80% full, and do not rely on snacks to supplement it.

Foods that are good for lowering blood pressure:

① Leafy vegetables: celery, chrysanthemum, amaranth, Shantou, leek, day lily, shepherd's purse, spinach, etc.;

< p> ② Roots: wild rice, asparagus, radish, carrot, water chestnut, water chestnut;

③ Melon, fruits: watermelon, winter melon, tomato, hawthorn, lemon, banana, fruit, red date, mulberry, Eggplant;

④ Flowers, seeds, nuts: chrysanthemums, apocynum, sesame, peas, broad beans, mung beans, corn, buckwheat, peanuts, watermelon seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, lotus seeds;

⑤ Aquatic products: kelp, seaweed, jellyfish, sea cucumber, green vegetables, seaweed, oysters, abalone, shrimp skin, whitebait; ⑥Animals and others: milk (skimmed), pig gallbladder, Bezoar, honey, vinegar, soy products, black fungus, white fungus, and shiitake mushrooms.