Who are the four famous people in the history of China?

The four famous people in the history of China are Yi Yin, Zhou Gongdan, Guan Zhong and Zhuge Liang.

One: Yi Yin

Yi Yin, a native of Luoyang, was a minister in the early Shang Dynasty. According to legend, Yi Yin devoted himself to Hsin, and died in Bo between 1630 and 1550 at the age of 8 1.

Yi Yin is a thinker, politician, strategist, Sheng Yuan (sage), the first sage in China history, the teacher of the emperor, and the chef of China.

Yi Yin: In order to meet Shang Tang, he made himself a courtier with one of Xin's daughters, saying that he used Tang as a courtier. Later, it was reused as soup, served as Aheng, and entrusted with national politics to help soup destroy summer.

After the death of Tang Dynasty, Bu Bing (that is, Wai C) and Zhong Ren became two kings. After Zhong Ren's death, when Tai Jia ascended the throne and Tang Suntai Jia proclaimed himself emperor, he was released by Yi Yin to Tonggong (now Wanrong County in the west of Shanxi Province and Yucheng City in the northeast of Henan Province) to make him repent and learn the laws of Tang Dynasty again. Three years later, welcome back to Taijia reset. When he died in woding. He was in charge of the Shang Dynasty for more than 50 years, and he was in power for a period of time. He is known as a sage and three generations of elders.

Yi Yin made outstanding contributions to China's ancient politics, military affairs, culture and education. Han Shu's Criminal Law Annals is a combination of Yi and Lu, and it is a praise of his ability to govern the country and the army. Du Fu's poem "He is the brother of Yi, Lu and others, and will one day surpass all the greatest politicians" also evaluates Yi Yin from this angle; Su Dongpo's "On Yi Yin" even praised him from a political point of view as a person who "distinguishes the affairs of the world and has the festival of the world". Praise him for not being moved by self-interest, "so he is omnipotent, he controls the world with his omnipotence, so he doesn't mess up when facing great events." Mao Heshen, a contemporary educational historian, called him "a model of imperial education and an important role in the political arena of the Yin Dynasty". In today's Sheng Yuan Temple in Songxian County, I wrote a poem: "The grain harvest is not alkaline, and there are monuments for hundreds of thousands of years." Yi Yin's name and his contribution to history will be immortal.

"Huanglan" contains: "Jishi City has Pingli Township, and the township has Yi Yin's Tomb". The city is now ChuTianJi Cao County, Pingli Township is Miaoyin Village. Miaoyin Village is more than 20 miles west of Chuqiu, and looks at the Tang Mausoleum in the west. In front of it, there is a temple called "Yuan Temple", which was rebuilt by Fan Xiujian, a magistrate of a county in the Ming Dynasty, with the same scale as the Tang Mausoleum. According to legend, in the eight years of Tongzhi, Sun Great Man and Yao Jinjun rebuilt. On the night of completion, I saw the red light in the temple near the village, and the people rushed to save it. This is not a fire, but when the rooster crows, the fire goes out. * * * was shocked by the different clouds. "After several wars since the Republic of China, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are only five-step tombs with a diameter, a step on Friday, a hill two feet high, statues such as the main hall, the worship of three feet, and the righteous seal, as well as clocks five feet in diameter, five feet high and weighing two thousand pounds, and some broken ones. The tomb of the Holocaust Temple was razed to the ground in ten years, and the tablet clock was gone.

Shang Tang, Yi Yin, right-hand man, help soup out summer. He has made outstanding achievements and is admired by the world. His ancestral temple is also a historical monument. In recent years, in order to carry forward the national culture and restore historical sites, the surrounding villagers have re-sealed tombs and built shrines in the old site, and the three halls of the cornices of Liuli Pipa Mountain stand tall in the world.

Second: Zhou Gongdan.

Zhou Gongdan, known as the Duke of Zhou.

, Ji surname,, also known as Zhou Wengong. (There is a doubt about the Duke of posthumous title, because his father Xi Bochang has been in posthumous title and posthumous title, and his father and son are heavy and do not agree with the ceremony; However, it is also possible that Zhou Chengwang used words as his obituary to express the noble achievements of the Duke of Zhou, which is unknown. )

The princess gave birth to ten children: Bo Yikao, Wu Wangfa, Xian, Cai Shudu, Cao Duo, Cheng, Huo Shuchu, Kang Shufeng and Ji Zai. Therefore, according to the order of Meng Zhongshu's brothers, Zhou Gongdan is also called "Uncle Dan".

Zhou Gongdan assisted King Wen, Wang and Wang, and made an indelible contribution to the establishment and consolidation of the Zhou Dynasty. Legend has it that he wrote "Zhou Guan" (that is, "Zhou Li") and was an advocate and practitioner of the ritual and music system. At the same time, there are legends that he is good at interpreting dreams, Duke Zhou said.

Duke Zhou saluted and made merry, which was highly praised by Confucius. Confucius said: "I am weak! For a long time, I stopped dreaming about Duke Zhou. " Confucianism respects it as a yuan saint.

Three: Guan Zhong

Broadcom tomb code, flooding ancient and modern times; Having talents learned from heaven and earth will help the world and correct the current situation.

Guan Zhong attached importance to the economy, opposed empty talk, advocated reform, and made Qiang Bing rich. He said: "The wealth of the country is far away, the cultivation is for the people to stay, and the storage is for the honor and disgrace", which is quite the essence of materialism of "material determines consciousness". Qi Huangong respected Guan Zhong as "Guan Zhong" and authorized him to preside over a series of political and economic reforms: dividing administrative regions throughout the country, organizing military establishment and setting up official administration; Establishing a talent selection system can be regarded as "the praise of superiors" (assistant) after three trials; Taxes are classified according to land, and nobles are forbidden to plunder private property; Develop the salt and iron industry and adjust the price of coins. The essence of Guanzhong reform is to reform the land and population system. Guanzhong's reform has achieved remarkable results, greatly enhancing the national strength of Qi. Externally, Guan Zhong proposed to "respect the king and resist foreign countries" and unite with neighboring countries in the north to resist the invasion of Shanrong nationality. This diplomatic strategy has also been successful. Later, Confucius sighed and said, "I am a little humble and covered in hair!" " " .

Qi Huangong was a great politician in the Spring and Autumn Period, who helped him establish hegemony. He lives in an era when other countries are fighting with each other at the same time. At that time, the big countries active in the lower reaches of the Yellow River were Qi, Lu, Zheng, Song and Wei. Small countries are prosperous, Sui, Tan, Ji and Qi. Great powers are divided into two factions, one is Zheng, Qi and Lu, and the other is Song and Wei. Small countries are also attached to the side of big countries. Zheng, Qi and Lu are stronger. Due to Zheng's civil strife and gradual decline, Qi gradually became powerful and became the hegemon of all countries.

At this time, all ethnic groups on the border have also developed. Di people in the north began to go south, which became a serious threat to all countries in the Central Plains. Xirong people also began to move eastward. Rong often invaded Lu and Cao, North Rong invaded Zheng, Shan Rong attacked Yan, and Elon attacked the Zhou royal family. The barbarians in the south are also eager to go north. The invasion of frontier nationalities is inseparable from the weakness of the Zhou royal family. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang still had some prestige. Since the Battle of Zhou and Ge in the fifth year (707 BC), Wang was shot in the shoulder by Zheng and was defeated. Since then, the Zhou royal family has been devastated. In the fourth year of Qi Xianggong (694 BC), there was a civil strife in the Zhou royal family, and the King Zhuang killed Duke Zhou Heijian.

In the second year (675 BC), the five emperors of the Zhou royal family, the motherland, Bian Bo, Zhan Fu and Zhu, knelt down and calmed down after mediation by Zheng and Guo. In order to repay Zheng He and Guo, King Hui of Zhou gave the Tiger Prison East to Zheng and Jiuquan to Guo. So Ji Wang is getting smaller and smaller, and its prestige is getting lower and lower.

At Bao's suggestion, he agreed to choose an auspicious day and personally greet Guan Zhong with very grand etiquette to show his importance and trust in Guan Zhong. At the same time, let everyone know Qi Huangong's generosity.

Confucius once praised Guan Zhong: "I have a sore throat because of my micro-Guan Zhong." (The Analects of Confucius, Xian Wen Pian) It means: Guan Zhong helped Qi Huangong to be a vassal overlord and conquer the world. Without Guan Zhong, we would all have long hair, open our skirts and become ordinary people under barbarian rule. There is some truth in this statement.

Every time Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong was a harmonious man in history, making Qi the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zhuge Liang let Liu Bei, Cao Cao and Sun Quan share the world. Both of them worked hard and made great contributions.

Lutz asked, "When Huan Gong killed Miyako for a long time, he was suddenly summoned to die, but Guan Zhong did not die."

Guan Zhong's life not only established outstanding achievements in history, but also left a masterpiece named after him-Guan Zi. His thoughts on governing the country are all recorded in the book, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Guan Zhong is a thinker who advocates the rule of law. The people of the whole country should abide by the law, and rewards and punishments, merits and demerits should be dealt with according to law. He believes that the quality of national governance lies in whether the country can rule by law. Guan Zhong attaches great importance to economic development. He believes that "the granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace." That is, the stability and instability of the country, people's law-abiding and non-law-abiding are closely related to economic development. There are many valuable places in Guan Zhong's thought. For example, he advocated respecting public opinion, saying that "conforming to the people's will is fundamental" and "the prosperity of politics lies in conforming to the people's will; The abolition of government is against the people's hearts. " Guan Zhong's thought has a great influence on later generations. Of course, Guan Zhong was a historical figure in the Spring and Autumn Period, so he also had historical limitations. For example, it increased the burden on the people by establishing hegemony for Qi Huangong, and mainly represented the interests of the ruling class in the reform.

Guan Zhong's biggest fault is that he didn't find himself an heir. After decades of hard work, Qi Huangong was so dependent on the Prime Minister that the party was bleak.

Four: Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang (18 1 July 23-August 28, 234), born in Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), Han nationality, was an outstanding politician, strategist, inventor and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named marquis of Wuxiang, and after his death, he pursued loyalty to marquis of Wuxiang. Later, the Eastern Jin regime praised Zhuge Liang's military ability and named him King Wuxing. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the Shu-Han regime until he died. His representative works include Before the Teacher, After the Teacher, and The Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden cow, the flowing horse, the Kongming lantern and so on. Zhuge Liang was highly respected in later generations, becoming a model of loyal ministers and the embodiment of wisdom. Chengdu has Wuhou Temple, and Du Fu praised Zhuge Liang's masterpiece Shu Xiang.

Zhuge Liang was born in an official family in Yangdu County, Langye County in the 4th year of Han Dynasty (AD 18 1). Zhuge family is a wolf evil Han nationality. Zhuge Liang's ancestor Zhuge Feng worked as a captain in the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui worked as Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died at the age of 3, and Zhuge Liang lost his father at the age of 8. He and his younger brother Zhuge Jun followed his uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed as the magistrate of Zhang Yu by Yuan Shu, to Zhang Yu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the court sent Zhu Hao instead of Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Liu Biao in Jingzhou to live in Dengxian County, Nanyang County, 20 miles west of Xiangyang City, with the title Longzhong.

In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Emperor Xian of Han fled from Li Jue in Chang 'an to Xu County in Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang is now 16 years old. He likes reading Song of Fu Liang on weekdays, and often compares himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. At that time, people were dismissive of him, and only friends such as Xu Shu and Cui believed in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Xiangyang celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl."

Zhuge Liang described himself in "The Front Model" that "I was plowing in Nanyang in a cloth" refers to Longzhong in Dengxian County, Nanyang County (now Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City).

The famous history book "Han Shu Jin Shu Chun Qiu" records that "Liang Jia is in Dengxian County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and his name is Longzhong."

Longzhong Scenic Area is located in Xiangcheng District, Xiangyang City, a famous historical and cultural city in China, with a total area of 209 square kilometers and a history of 1700 years. Zhuge Liang, an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period, lived in seclusion here for ten years in his youth. The well-known "Longzhong Dui" and Liu Bei's "three visits to the cottage" both happened here.

Longzhong Scenic Area is rich in cultural landscape and beautiful in natural environment. Ten scenic spots in Longzhong were formed in the Ming Dynasty, namely, Caotang Pavilion, Farming Field, Sangutang, Xiaohongqiao, Liujiaojing, Wuhou Temple, Banyuexi, Laolong Cave, Liangfuyan and Baozi Stone. After the founding of New China, Longzhong Academy, Zhuge Caolu, Xiaoyin Villa, Tonggutai and Promenade were built or newly built. Dong, a proletarian revolutionist of the older generation, wrote an inscription for Longzhong before his death: "Zhuge Wei is a great shock throughout the ages, and the scenery in Longzhong is always there." . 1994 was listed as a national key scenic spot, and 1996 was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Zhuge Liang's Tomb Wuhou Tomb belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, namely Zhuge Liang's Tomb. It is located at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province. Every year, people in Mianxian County will visit Dingjun Mountain on that day in Tomb-Sweeping Day. In June 2008, Mianxian held the Three Kingdoms Cultural Festival.