27. Learn Banpo Ruins Museum.

On June 20/9/0/8/KLOC-0, the school organized a study tour for children, and the route of the fifth grade study tour was Banpo Museum in Xi 'an.

? Xi Anbanpo Museum is located on the east bank of Chanhe River in the eastern suburb of Xi, Shaanxi Province, north of banpo village. Banpo site was discovered in the spring of 1953 and officially opened to the public in 1958. Banpo Museum is a national first-class museum, the first prehistoric site museum in China, the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, the first batch of "100 patriotic education demonstration bases", one of the "Top Ten tourist attractions in Xi" and one of the "50 most worthwhile places for foreigners to visit in China".

? Banpo site reveals a typical matriarchal clan settlement of Yangshao culture in Neolithic age about 6000 years ago, which has rich cultural connotations such as social organization, production and life, economic form, marital status, customs, culture and art.

When I arrived at Banpo Ruins Museum, I just got off the bus and happened to meet a group of foreign friends. The children greeted them politely in English. This reminds me of visiting museums and meeting foreign friends in the first grade of junior high school. One of my classmates accidentally stepped on the foot of a foreign friend. He wanted to say "I'm sorry", but when he was nervous, he forgot everything and couldn't remember how to say "I'm sorry" in English. Now, my students are younger than when I came to the museum, but they can speak English calmly. I can't help but sigh, "Our country has changed so much in the past 30 years!"

After passing through many steps, we saw the gate of the museum, just like the original village style. The decoration of several large wooden pillars gives people an ancient feeling. Coming out of the gate, there is a fish pond, in which stands a stone carving of Banpo girl who is pumping water. The four magnificent Chinese characters inscribed by Guo Moruo on the front of the gate of the site add a kind of interest to the cultural atmosphere of Banpo Museum, which is refreshing.

? We visited several exhibition halls first.

? The first exhibition hall shows: bone needles. It has a tip and a pinhole, and can be placed on the plant fiber to sew clothes or connect items. Through this spicule, time suddenly goes back, and I seem to see Banpo people grinding it. They are using everything they can to create what they need. At that time, when the technology was very backward, such extraordinary items were necessary to impress future generations. The small hole in the bone needle, the eye of the needle, looks simple today, but in that distant primitive society, we don't know how long it took our ancestors to find it.

? The second exhibition hall shows a large number of pottery. Pottery is an important part of Banpo culture. There were a lot of pottery in Banpo period and the technology was relatively mature. Such as: a large number of pottery pots, pots, cans, Zhen and so on. The sharp-bottomed bottle displayed in the exhibition hall is the same as the one in Banpo girl's hand seen in the fish pond. It's about a foot tall, with one ear on the left and one ear on the right. It's easy to carry. It is a kind of pumping device, and its pumping process conforms to the mechanical principle: the pointed bottom bottle is placed on its side in water, and when it is filled with water, the pointed bottom bottle will automatically float and keep balance. This may be the balance between the sharp bottom and the ear.

? It is hard for us to imagine why Banpo people have such high wisdom. How did they master the principles of mechanics?

? There are many patterns on pottery, one of which is a fish pattern. Because Banpo people live by the Zen River, fishery naturally occupies a very important position in their lives, and they have special feelings for fish, which have also been recorded by them. When there is no writing, it is only expressed through the decorative patterns on pottery. The fish pattern on the face also came into being, among which the "basin with fish pattern on the face" is very famous, which is also Banpo people's pursuit of beauty.

? The third exhibition hall is very high and is a village where Banpo people live. Because this exhibition hall is Banpo people's territory and can't be copied, we are required to strictly abide by the rules, not to eat or throw things around.

? In the village where Banpo people live, they don't build houses on the ground, but dig a hole in the ground to live. Tombs occupy a large area in the site, and each clan has its own public cemetery. Tombs are mainly divided into two types: earthen pit tombs and urn coffin tombs. Pit tombs are mostly distributed in public cemeteries, where adults are buried: there are single burial, double burial and four burial, but all of them are of the same sex, and no heterosexual burial is found; There are also secondary burials, with straight limbs buried on the back; There is also a kind of bending over and burying, which may be the end of a clan member who made a mistake and was punished; There is a kind of bent limb burial, which may be captured by foreigners or buried alive by blood relatives. There is also an urn coffin burial, which is used to bury young children who died young. Generally located next to the village road in the community, each pottery urn has a small hole, which may be used for children to "go in and out".

? After visiting the exhibition hall, the children also participated in some exploration activities: drilling wood for fire, building houses, rubbing leaves and so on.

? When we entered the Banpo era, we got to know pottery tablets, bone needles and stone knives ... We took part in some activities with historical spirit, so we learned to constantly accept history, think about history and explore the future.