The concrete reality of China before the founding of the People's Republic of China

Patriotic movement of the general assembly

In the early 1950s, most cities and rural areas in China, no matter the walls of their units or homes, always clung to extensive agreements, which was a great sight. At that time, the whole country was experiencing a vigorous patriotic movement conference. This movement is the historical product of the movement to resist US aggression and aid Korea. After the Korean War, the Convention patriotic movement completed its mission and withdrew from the historical stage. Today, the reading horizon of patriotic convention people has almost disappeared, and all kinds of historical writing have always been the emergence of * * * and the country and the * * * production party, with little participation in writing and no input. Therefore, how does the Convention patriotic movement explain its historical destiny? In this regard, the literature I collected has been outlined, trying to find out its context. Hotels and the development of the Korean War Movement, the convention of the patriotic movement entered.

Patriotic convention is the product of the movement to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and it is a way to show people patriotic determination and patriotic action. 1950 10 year 10 On 26th October, China People's Committee for Defending World Peace against American Aggression (hereinafter referred to as "Korean Association of China Returned Overseas Chinese") was established.

195 1 On February 2, 2000, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "Further Instructions on the Korean Patriotic Movement" throughout the country, which is a general contempt and contempt for the hatred of American imperialism and an education to improve national self-confidence and self-esteem. The patriotic movement proposed by patriotism is to launch a convention to comfort Chinese people's Volunteer Army and the Korean People's Army, focusing on three things: a comprehensive and just peace treaty with Japan. same year

On March 8, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions issued the "Instructions on Further Developing Patriotism Education in North Korea and Preparing for the National May Day Demonstration this year". Through extensive and in-depth patriotic education on current events in North Korea, we will strive to achieve patriotism through the conclusion of conventions, make early preparations for this year's May Day demonstrations, and consolidate and expand patriotic labor competitions.

On March 30th, People's Daily published an editorial entitled "Patriotic Movement by Convention". The editorial pointed out: the patriotic movement to promote the convention is the result of consolidating the patriotic movement and a good way to move forward. At present, it is expanding in major cities, some small cities and some villages in China. After the editorial was published, it promoted the development of the patriotic movement in the National Assembly.

Then, in April of 1 year, "Korean Federation of China" issued the "Notice on the Establishment of North Korea Branch". Note: All Korean branches should be established at the city and county level, so that every country can participate in everyone's Korean movement. Local leading bodies should include all democratic parties, patriotic democratic groups and representatives. Democratization and the general establishment of a management organization composed of members of the Korean branch of the state promoted the further development of the movement to resist US aggression and aid Korea. 195 1 year

Reading. /kloc-in June, 2000, in order to further improve people's political consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, solve some economic difficulties, and make the movement further develop the Korean War, the issue of "Koreans from China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese" and the realization of the patriotic convention, and the donation of aircraft and artillery and their families' interests "(referred to as the" June 1 Call ") generally called for the conclusion of the convention and the nationwide patriotic movement. The June Appeal emphasized that tens of thousands of patriots from all walks of life around the Convention entered the specific "China People's Political Consultative Conference", which is the unit that contracted specific patriotic programs for each action. It needs the people of the whole country to master and make full use of this form to further promote production, work, study and other revolutionary struggles and construction work; At the suggestion of people from all walks of life in the country, factories, enterprises, institutions, schools, streets and rural areas have put forward specific patriotic conventions according to the enterprises in the movement to resist US aggression and aid Korea around them. It is also suggested to use the similarity between contractors to hold a meeting to realize patriotic competition. It is scheduled to check the general results of this patriotic simulation in June 1952 and June 1, evaluate the advantages and disadvantages, and reward the model to ensure that we can achieve it smoothly according to the usual practice. It also launched a patriotic movement calling for the production and donation of weapons and the welfare of family members and disabled veterans, demanding that patriotism be increased, and that the donation of weapons and special care should be included in the patriotic work of the conventions of various armed forces, which has become an important content.

After the "6 1 Telephone" was issued, the people of the whole country responded positively and took immediate action. Factories, rural areas, institutions, schools, streets and youth league committees, trade unions, youth federations, women's federations, disabled persons' federations, people's disaster relief, the Red Cross, religious associations and other social organizations have put forward specific requirements and telephone numbers for the implementation of the measures according to their actual conditions. Therefore, this congress is a large-scale national patriotic movement.

Each unit has its own actual system and formulated practical measures.

Patriotism and patriotic conventions generally consist of two parts: first, the same elements of patriotic conventions, including the people of China, show that President Mao Zedong, the people's government and the People's Volunteers support and love the North Korean army to operate the people's government to suppress counter-revolutionaries; The other part is to formulate a feasible content and measures based on the specific situation of the unit and the system and from its own political level and nature. Like the conclusion of many workers' conventions, patriotism is put forward, such as "in what country, after we acted with * * * to defeat the American political party" and so on. The patriotic words of many student conventions are "learn skills, exercise, and prepare to respond to the call of the motherland"; Ensure farmers' intensive production and give full play to the front line of multi-grain support; The pharmaceutical industry represents health and protects people's health; In order to ensure that religion and imperialism enter the innovation of the declaration, assist the people's government to cut off counter-revolutionary repression; The main conclusions of the business meeting are to support the content industry, government policies and laws, compliance, increasing savings, actively taxing, fair trade and so on.

Later, when the donation movement flourished, people revised the patriotic convention and added specific donation items as an important part of the convention. First, increase savings and support the front line. One of the basic contents of this convention is to increase the content of labor competition activities of patriotism and patriotic savings. In South Korea, the national industrial enterprises have been in full swing in the patriotic competition in rural areas and the patriotic competition to increase production; At the same time, factories, institutions and schools launched the "three evils" movement to protect and combat corruption, waste and bureaucracy. Second, donate weapons to support the front. Carry out the convention in the patriotic movement, devote yourself to the patriotic complex of the masses, and donate aircraft and cannons to severely crack down on the actions of the aggressors. The time is Qian Shengqian and Qian Wen, and no one wants to fall behind. Third, support the army and government. 1950 12.22 The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Central People's Government and the General Political Department of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission issued the "Instructions on Launching the Campaign to Support and Love the Army" and issued five special care provisions. For the special care work, as well as government factories, schools, enterprises, agricultural cooperatives, mutual aid societies and other levels, agreements of "family members first" have been signed, including patriotic conventions. If the government sends rice, noodles and pork to every revolutionary martyr in Shenyang, Sujiatun District and Liaoning Province, it also organizes yangko teams, drum sets, songs and dances, sends glorious light to revolutionary martyrs and hangs plaques for the New Year; Give relief to revolutionary martyrs who have difficulties in life and electrify them. In rural areas, special care associations, joint committees and mayors were set up to take charge of the work of revolutionary martyrs contracting farmers and solve their production difficulties, resulting in a shortage of labor.

The donation movement promotes the patriotic movement of the Convention and ensures its contribution. By the end of 195 1, most rural areas, streets, factories, industries, mutual aid societies, production groups, families, etc. Generally, it is helpful to formulate the income or income and expenditure savings plan of your own units and individuals, and regard it as one of the core contents of the convention. For example, when discussing the formulation of Tianjin county convention, we should adhere to the principle of patriotism, grasping patriotic contributions, increasing production and raising income. Workers' representatives put forward campaign donations to improve production skills, which set a new record and increased once every two working days every month. Part or all of the salary and bonus are donated to support volunteers. Farmers' representatives, further movement and patriotic export, produce grain 15 pounds per mu, rice 150 kilograms per mu, and upland rice/20 kilograms per mu, donate the increased part and come out to buy aircraft cannons.

However, due to the importance of local cadres and their lack of understanding of patriotic conventions, many problems have arisen around patriotic organizations and convention leaders, and many patriotic conventions have become a mere formality and even replaced cadres. For example, when the leaders of Wuxi County inspected Liu Yang Village in Xixiang, Outang District, Wuxi City, the whole village had 120, and the patriotic convention 9,61was not provided for cadres to book tickets, so a family meeting was held to discuss the order of 30 households. A parent arranged 30 households, but the contents were empty. Among them, the most typical convention township government, even the "national flag rising, paying attention" is also listed. In order to make

It has achieved and overcome unhealthy trends such as form. Party committees and conventions at all levels have inspected and reconciled the convention of the local patriotic movement "North Korea Branch", which has made the patriotic convention of the patriotic movement develop healthily. For example, Sunan Party demands that "the conclusion of patriotic movement and convention inspection must be grasped" and "special attention should be paid to the promotion of good examples and summaries in order to improve the general situation, promote backwardness and overcome some existing deviations". They summed up four methods and came to a conclusion: before placing an order, they should carry out patriotic education in an all-round way; Let the masses fully discuss and set up democratically; The practice content is concrete, simple and feasible; Draw up a timetable after inspection.

People have donated money and materials, and the Korean War

The strong support of the convention is a struggle, which has formulated a patriotic procedure for itself and allowed the masses to play a role in the anti-imperialist plan. Activities will help people become patriotic actions, promote the development of national work, and give concrete and strong support in the Korean War.

After the implementation of the Convention, the Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese in China, Korea, entered the patriotic donation plane. After the sound of "Call 6 1", people from all walks of life in the country took action and donated money enthusiastically, which merged into a great patriotic torrent.

Chen Mou, an employee of Xiangtan Bristle Company, has donated 40% of his salary. Besides getting married, he has saved 500,000 yuan (lucky money, the same below). Workers in Beijing Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant donated a soldier and a pawn to Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant by working overtime, collecting waste products and donating money. The 3rd Tianjin Dock Trade Union contributed130,000 yuan. With the increase of workers' income in Yumen Oilfield, "oil workers" soldiers were donated. Pay cash within two months.

The number of fighters donated by farmers in Jianyang County is two "farmers". Anton City, a model of being courageous in Liaoning Province, has become a well-known "patriot" because of growing vegetables and digging wild vegetables and donating money and materials. Li Shunda, a national model worker, and his mutual-aid farmer, Shanxi Province, initiated leaders to donate the "China Farmer" plane. Tan Chuyun, Shaoshan, Hunan, an old man in Xiangtan County, carries water and saves money every day, and goes to the "Koryo Gold Collection Tube" to buy planes and cannons to make contributions.

Students of Cangxian Hebei Normal University organized waist drum teams and yangko teams to publicize patriotic donations. Students from Qinhuangdao City and Liu Zhuang Primary School in Hebei Province donated candy and saved it with their own money. They sang: "The volunteers fly uncle, uncle fires to destroy the ghost invasion of the United States, and don't eat the plane donated by candy."

Literary and art circles have also joined the ranks of donations. Xiang Yu Opera, led by Chang Xiangyu, a famous opera singer, showed all the savings and income, and donated Chang Xiangyu fighters. In the patriotic donation drama, the Fourth Troupe of Cangxian County, Hebei Province, donated more than 4 million yuan to the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles to buy the "Lu Xun" special plane. Jing yuan Central Film Bureau Screenplay Creation Research Institute donated100,000 yuan for the purchase of "Lu Xun" aircraft. Writers Ding Ling, Zhou He and others donated 1.200 yuan and 2 gold rings; Writer Liu donated 2 million yuan for the manuscript. The China Women's Federation also promptly issued the Call of the Korean Federation to Respond to Three Patriotic Decisions, demanding that the All-China Women's Federation make persistent efforts to carry out patriotic campaigns by agreement, increase production and income, actively donate weapons, and strive to achieve the goal of contributing glory to the motherland and "not flying". Soong Ching Ling and women from all walks of life in Tianjin worked together to donate the "Tianjin Woman" plane to raise funds. Luzhou, a joint venture, more than 60 directors and managers of PC industry in Sichuan enterprises, and donations from all walks of life103,000 yuan.

195 1 August, only two months after the launch of "June Call", the state donated money to buy more than 2,200 planes. By May 1952, more than 550 trillion yuan will be donated to buy the 37 10 fighter. This donation has greatly improved Chinese people's Volunteer Army's weapons and enhanced its combat capability, thus fighting the American invaders more effectively. 195 1 year

June 5438+October 2009 10, Mao Zedong issued the call of "increasing production and saving to support Chinese people's Volunteer Army", and the Central People's Government issued the instruction of "increasing patriotic competitions". At the same time that "China Federation of Korea" issued a patriotic announcement about donating aircraft and artillery and publicizing the Convention, we suggested that the slogan of increasing production and income should be used as a donation to increase income. In many places of the patriotic assembly, labor competitions and the movement to improve savings called for people to carry out labor competitions, and a large number of model workers appeared.

Including Ma Hengchang, a worker of Qiqihar No.2 Machine Tool Plant near Team 3, used collective wisdom to carry out technological innovation to increase production, and questioned the workers in this country. Meng Tai, a worker of Anshan Iron and Steel Company, was named "National Model Worker Principal" in the activity of saving money and increasing income. Qingdao Hao Jianxiu Cotton Mill 17-year-old workers are working on the battlefield of the factory, creating artistic laws at home and promoting the textile industry. According to incomplete statistics, in the first quarter of 195 1 in the industry, more than 2,800 factories, mines and enterprises held labor competitions, with more than 2 million participants. Many people say: in the future, patriotic conferences will always feel unsuitable for holding patriotic conferences; When I heard the call of my country, I remembered my responsibility to play football. There are more than 220 million agricultural mutual aid organizations and many individual farmers, who have successively launched patriotic production competitions. Li Shunda of Shanxi and the challenge book he led helped each other to love their country and increased the competition of the country. After helping more than 1.2 million famous model workers, more than 2,700 agricultural model workers actively responded to the challenge.

During the one and a half years from the second half of 195 1 to the end of 1952, only in the northeast, it increased the output for the country and saved the wealth equivalent to 27,377,000 tons of grain. 1953 North China, East China and Northwest China are oriented to the whole country, so as to increase production and save more than 15000 yuan in other rich places.

The convention should focus on patriotism, donation, production and preservation, carry out the movement to resist US aggression and aid Korea, enhance China's national defense strength, improve agricultural production, maintain price stability and improve work efficiency. Especially in the Korean War, the Korean people provided more than 560 tons of frontline combat materials and huge material support, which laid a solid material foundation for the victory of the Korean War.