Nursing knowledge after surgery

Post-surgical nursing knowledge

Whether the patient’s condition can be observed and cared for after surgery is good for promoting the body’s recovery, preventing and early detection of complications. important role. Observe the patient's condition after surgery, adopt the correct posture in time according to the condition, do a good job in caring for various drainage tubes, pay attention to the nutrition and medication effects of postoperative patients, strengthen the basic care of patients after surgery, and conscientiously do a good job in handover etc. play an important role in promoting patient recovery. Below is the knowledge I bring to you about post-surgical care. Welcome to read.

1. Condition observation when returning to the ward after surgery

When patients return to the ward after surgery, they should promptly understand the anesthesia method, intraoperative conditions, number of drainage tubes, and drainage The nature of the fluid, the amount of drainage fluid, whether the infusion (blood) pipeline is smooth, whether the connection is firm, etc. Observe the incision for bleeding and exudation. Patients whose surgery takes a long time should also know whether there are pressure ulcers brought in from the operating room, blood pressure, pulse, and breathing conditions, and dynamically observe changes in blood pressure, pulse, and breathing, and also pay attention to changes in the patient's pupils and nervous system functions.

2. Maintain the correct posture after surgery

When returning to the ward after surgery, adopt different lying positions according to the nature of anesthesia in the early stage, and provide appropriate postures according to different surgeries in the future. If the blood pressure of patients with craniocerebral injury is stable 6 hours after surgery, they should be placed in a sloping position with the head of the bed elevated 15 to 30 degrees, which is beneficial to intracranial venous drainage, improves blood supply to the brain, and is beneficial to alleviating cerebral hematoma and cerebral hypoxia, thereby reducing intracranial pressure. . Patients undergoing thoracic and abdominal surgery are usually assisted to assume a semi-recumbent position after they wake up from general anesthesia and have stable blood pressure, which is beneficial to breathing and drainage, and can reduce abdominal tension and make the patient feel comfortable.

3. Take good care of various drainage tubes

Postoperative patients often need to place various drainage tubes due to their condition. Nurses should confirm the names, placement locations and location of various drainage tubes. Its function is to keep the drainage tube of appropriate length and properly fixed, and check it regularly to prevent the drainage tube from twisting, blocking, and falling off. Be proficient in the care of various drainage tubes, pay attention to the amount, nature, color, and odor of the drainage fluid, replace drainage bottles and drainage bags regularly, and strictly abide by the principles of aseptic operation in all operations. If any abnormalities are found, contact the doctor promptly and take corresponding measures.

4. Nutrition and infusion

Attention should be paid to the supply of nutrition and fluids after surgery to maintain the body's energy needs and the balance of water and electrolytes. The ability to eat and the time for eating after surgery are often related to the site of surgery, the type of surgery and the recovery of gastrointestinal function. For example, patients after radical esophageal cancer surgery need to strictly fast and drink. If there are no special changes in the condition 5 days after the operation, they can start with drinking a small amount of water, and gradually transition from a half-liquid diet, a full-liquid diet, and soft food depending on the changes in the condition. Therefore, when food cannot be taken by mouth or the food intake is insufficient, it is necessary to ensure the body's nutritional supplement through other means, such as intravenous nutrition. But it is also worth noting that postoperative intravenous infusion supplies nutrients, and the infusion speed needs to be reasonably controlled according to different operations.

5. Postoperative life care and psychological care

Ensure that the air in the ward is fresh, the temperature and humidity are appropriate, and the bed unit is kept clean and comfortable. Patients who are unable to take care of themselves in the early stages of life should be given oral care 2 to 3 times a day, and should be assisted to turn over and pat their backs regularly to keep their skin clean. Pay attention to the patient's urine and defecation conditions to prevent postoperative urinary retention and constipation. According to the different psychological conditions of patients after surgery, necessary psychological support and psychological problem counseling are provided, and attention is paid to alleviating the patient's pain to reduce anxiety and discomfort, help patients build confidence in overcoming the disease, and enable patients to actively cooperate with treatment. At the same time, we attach great importance to communication with family members and obtain psychological support from family members for patients.

6. Postoperative medication observation and pain care

Follow the doctor’s instructions and provide necessary medication in a timely manner. You should be familiar with the effects, adverse reactions, special requirements of certain drugs, drug preparation, etc. of various drugs. The half-life and effective concentration of antibiotics can be accurately administered to achieve the best efficacy of the drug.

Assess the patient's pain and use relaxation methods or methods of dividing attention to relieve the patient's postoperative pain

7. Actively prevent the occurrence of postoperative complications

Due to postoperative complications Trauma, incision pain, discomfort caused by drainage tubes, etc. make it difficult to turn over, which can easily lead to lung infection; retaining a catheter can easily lead to urinary tract infection; factors such as postoperative malnutrition and strenuous activities can cause incision dehiscence. Patients should be assisted to turn over regularly and patted on the back, encouraged to cough and do deep breathing exercises, atomized inhalation when necessary, and attention should be paid to the patient's nutritional balance. We should also understand the complications that are likely to occur in different surgeries and their treatment principles, such as common complications after esophageal cancer surgery: pneumonia, atelectasis, anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, etc.; patients with severe brain injuries are prone to stress after surgery ulcers, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. Nursing staff should actively observe the different characteristics of patients after different operations and take corresponding nursing measures.

8. Do a good job in handing over work to and from work

Doing a good job in handing over postoperative patients is an important guarantee for postoperative care of patients. The following are the contents that must be mastered: Understand the number of surgical patients and operation conditions on the day, measure vital signs before handover and use it as a shift handover item; explain the total amount of infusion on the day, and keep the infusion tube unobstructed, especially for patients with intravenous catheters, proper fixation is very important , if the patient's slippage and bleeding at the trocar joint are not detected in time due to carelessness when changing shifts, and the amount of bleeding is large; do a good job in handover of various pipelines, hand over the number of drainage tubes, the location of the drainage tubes, and whether they are properly fixed and the drainage is smooth , the color and amount of drainage fluid; the replacement staff must check the blood pressure, pulse, respiration, pupils, consciousness and various pipeline conditions when taking over the next shift. ;