Classical Chinese adverbial

1. What does the adverbial object predicate attribute mean in classical Chinese

1. Adverbial: Modifying verbs, adverbs, adjectives and even whole sentences, explaining the time, place, way, accompanying situation and purpose of the predicate action. He is reading under the lamp. "Under the lamp" is an adverbial.

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2。 Predicate: explain what the subject is, what to do and how it is. It answers the question of the subject "What? What?". What does the subject "I" do in the above sentence? "Reading". "Reading" is the predicate.

Generally, a sentence can be divided into two parts: subject and predicate (imperative sentence is a provincial subject sentence). Subdivision can be divided into predicate (verb), object, predicative, complement (including object complement and subject complement), attribute, adverbial, appositive and so on.

As in the first example, the predicate part can be divided into the predicate (see) and the object (book).

The head word of the predicate part must be a verb, either an action verb or a copula verb, and different verbs form different sentence types.

all kinds of tense, person and number of sentences change in predicate verbs

3. Object. Refers to the object involved in the predicate verb, which is acted by nouns such as name, generation, number and object clause, but the personal pronoun should be in the objective case. Say the last example. The predicate verb is "look". What are you looking at? Look at "book", which is the object of the verb "look" and the object of "look".

It should be noted that only transitive verbs and prepositions or phrases equivalent to transitive verbs and prepositions can take objects.

4. Attributive: In Chinese, attributive is often acted by adjectives, quantifiers, nouns and pronouns, and can also be acted by other words or phrases. Attributive is used to modify the subject and object. The (warm) sun shines on the (calm) lake. (Adjectives as attributes) 2. What is the adverbial part in classical Chinese

The adverbial in classical Chinese was named appropriately according to the current grammar when we studied it. Adverbials are used to modify verbs, that is, predicates Usually in classical Chinese, it appears in the form of object or noun. Adverbials in classical Chinese are basically postadverbials.

adverbial postposition

We know that in modern Chinese, adverbial is placed before predicate, and if it is placed after predicate, it is complement. However, in classical Chinese, the components in complement are often understood as adverbials, that is, most of the time, the predicate is mentioned before translation.

(1) Format: verb+object

① Decorated with the shape of the tortoise, bird and beast in seal script ("Zhang Hengchuan") Translation: "Decorated with the shape of the tortoise, bird and beast in seal script"

② Return the arrow to the former king and tell him success ("The Biography of Lingguan") Translation: "Before putting the arrow back to the throne of the former king, tell him.

④ Only when Yan and his son are grouped together, (Introduction to the Biography of Lingguan) translated as "When Zhuang Zong binds the Prince and his son with ropes"

⑤ applied for it with the meaning of filial piety ("The Things of Qi Huan's Jin Wen") translated as "Tell them repeatedly about respecting their parents and brothers"

⑤ answered with the palm of your hand ("Promoting" Equivalent to "Yu")+guest

① Ask General Sun for help when he returns (Battle of Red Cliffs) Translation: "Let him go back and ask General Sun for help"

② Be able to slander the city dynasty (Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi) Translation: "The person who can point out my fault at the fair"

③ And stand a stone at the door of his tomb (May) Born in front of me

⑤ The wind is blowing on the dancing platform

(3) Format: Form+Yu+Bin

① Yu Yuchen (The Hongmen Banquet) Translation: "(He refers to Xiang Bo. The reason why it is "postposition" is that its main reference is the grammatical norms of modern Chinese. In modern Chinese, adverbials are placed in front of predicates (verbs), and if there is a phenomenon of being placed behind predicates (verbs), it is called it.

first: find out the key words (predicate verbs) in (quasi) sentences. Why do you want to find out and find the correct verbs? The reason is simple, because adverbials are specially used to modify predicates (verbs). So as long as the predicate (verb) is found out, the remaining problems will be solved.

For example:

① Two stones are found on the pool (The Story of Shi Zhongshan)

② A teacher need not be superior to his disciples. (Shi Shuo)

③ Zhao tried five wars in Qin (On Six Kingdoms)

④ He applied for it with the meaning of filial piety. (

The key verbs in the above four sentences are: ① to win, ② to be virtuous, ③ to fight, ④ to apply

Secondly, to master the law of prepositional structure (adverbial) postposition. It is said above that adverbial is specially used to modify predicate (verb), and if adverbial is postposition, it must conform to such a law

"predicate (verb)". Actually, it should be:

"predicate (verb)+(object)+intermediary+noun"

① Judging from the law of combining "de" with "double stone" as "object", "Yu" as "preposition" and "Tan" as "noun". Therefore, according to the above two items, it can be inferred that this is "prepositional structure postposition". The double stones on the pond

② Teachers don't need to be wise and superior to their disciples to judge according to the law: "xian" should be a predicate verb, "Yu" a preposition and "disciple" a noun. From this, it can be inferred that this is also "prepositional structure postposition". Teachers don't have to judge from disciple Xian

③ Zhao's rule of combining five battles with Qin: Zhan should be a predicate verb, Yu a preposition and Qin a noun. From this, it can be inferred that this is also "prepositional structure postposition". Zhao tasted the Five Wars of Qin Dynasty

④ Judging from the combination law of filial piety, Shen should be a predicate verb, zhi as an object, yi as a preposition and filial piety as a nominal structure. From this, it can be inferred that this is "prepositional structure postposition". What are the sentences after the adverbial in classical Chinese?

There are many examples after the adverbial, that is, the prepositional phrase. For example, my son and I are fishing on the river, and we are friends with elk.

Unfortunately, in "Fu on the Red Wall" 2, Lv Shimeng was guilty of the former, while Jia Qing Yu offered flattery to the latter. "The Preface to the Guide to the South" 3 Confucius is suitable for Qi, who is the minister of Gao Zhaozi and wants to communicate with Jing Gong.

Confucius' Family 4 My Tao is no good. Why should I see myself in the future? "Confucius' Family" 5 China's six-artistry compromise with Confucius, which can be described as the most sacred. "Confucius Family" 6 Guan Zhong was in charge of Qi, and Qi Huangong was in charge.

In Biography of Guan Zhong, the prince wants to run a country in Yu Xiansheng. Biographies of the Assassin 8. Sheren's younger brother changed, and he wanted to tell the truth against Lv Hou.

Biography of Huai Yin Hou 9 Ice makes water colder than water. "Encourage Learning" 1 tasted five battles in Qin, and lost two and won three.

On the Six Kingdoms II. Preposition phrases composed of the preposition "Yi" are adverbials, which are often placed behind verb predicates in ancient Chinese, and should also be mentioned in translation. At this time, the preposition "yi" can generally be understood as ba and Yong.

11 although dong zhi severely punished him, he was shocked with anger. "Ten Thoughts on Emperor Taizong" 12 See Zhang Liang privately, and have something to tell.

The Hongmen Banquet 13 uses Zhang Liangji to make Li Sheng and Lu Jia talk about the Qin generals, which is beneficial. "High-impedance biographies" 14 Zi Ying, king of Qin, was a white horse, tied with his neck as a group.

biographies of the great-grandfather, 15, is devoted to the teaching of filial piety. "I am to the country" 16 I heard that those who are rich give people money, and those who are benevolent give people words.

The 17th Temple of Confucius Family was too fastidious to eat, and was given a city of thousands of households, with ginger and jujube as the tribute, Mulan as the sacrifice, grain and rice as the sacrifice, clothes as the light of fire, and buried in people's abdomen and intestines. "Funny Biography" 18 Foolish thought that the brave men in the world were sincere in Qin, and they were interested in profit.

biographies of assassins 1. "I want to eliminate evils for the sage." (Han Yu's "Moving Left to Lan Guan to Show My Grandnephew Xiang") 2. "Don't die,"

(Li Qingzhao's "Drunken Flower Yin") 3. ",A light spreads to the sun." (Li He's "Wild Goose Gate Taishouxing") 4. "The gloomy clouds are bleak and Wan Li is condensed."

(Cen Can's "a Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-Clerk Wu Going Home") 5. "Cicada turns a thousand times." (Wu Jun's "A Letter with Zhu Yuansi") 6. The two sentences in "a buddhist retreat behind broken-mountain temple" have always been told by people.

7. The poem "Left Moves to Lan Guan to Show My Grandnephew Xiang" is: 8. The poem "Beyond Clouds" profoundly shows the poet's deep pain of national subjugation: ",!" 9. The poem ",,"in "Shuidiao Song Tou" Everything in the world can't be perfect and reunited forever, and life has its natural laws of gathering and scattering, which is rich in philosophy of life.

The words that have left people's wishes for thousands of years in Shui Diao Ge Tou are:, 1. People often quote the sentence in Ma Shuo by Han Yu:,. ， 。”

to explain: talents need to be discovered and cultivated. People who discover talents are very important and even more rare than talents. The fundamental reason why Maxima was buried was clarified in Ma Shuo: the sentence in Ma Shuo that Maxima was humiliated to death was: ","

The sentence in Ma Shuo shows the main idea of the whole text: ",." 11. The sentence that reveals the author's writing intention in "Preface to Send Dong Shaonan to Hebei" is: 12. The sentence that "Chen She Family" writes about Chen She's great ambition when he was young is: ""

The sentence in Chen She Family that shows Chen She's dissatisfaction with the feudal aristocratic system is: "!" 13. In life, many people (such as excellent people's teachers) have strong dedication. We often use the poem from Untitled by Li Shangyin: "," To praise them.

14. In a Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-Clerk Wu Going Home, the eternal famous sentence about snow is. The poem "a Song of White Snow in Farewell to Field-Clerk Wu Going Home" is similar to Li Bai's poem "The lonely sail is far away and the blue sky is exhausted, only the Yangtze River flows in the sky": ","

15. The poem in Tianjingsha Qiu Si, which shows the wandering mood, is: "" 16. The poem expressing the desire to serve the imperial court in "Wild Goose Gate" is: 17. The main sentence in the song "Mountain Sheep. Tongguan Nostalgia" is: ""

In the sentence "The peaks are like a cluster, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road", "Gathering" and "Anger" respectively describe the terrain of Tongguan from two aspects: perception and perception. Attachment: The famous sentences that need to be memorized in the article 1. "There are unexpected storms in the sky, and people will have misfortune and happiness one day" (13. The Power of Climate) 2. "Do your best until you die" (2. Deng Jiaxian) 3. "The mountains are high and the moon is small, and the water comes out" and "The breeze is Xu Lai, and the waves are quiet. 4. What are the attributes, adverbials and objects in classical Chinese?

In prepositional object classical Chinese, the object of a verb or preposition is usually placed after the verb or preposition, but under certain conditions, the object will be prepositioned. The conditions are as follows: First, in interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun is the object, and prepositional object. In such sentences, the object of the preposition is also prepositioned. For example, "Is Pei Gongan here?" Second, in classical Chinese negative sentences, pronouns are used as objects, prepositional object. There are two points to pay attention to in such sentences. First, negative sentences (there must be negative words such as "no", "no" and "mo" in general sentences); Second, pronouns are used as objects. For example, "It is impossible for people to make promises." Third, the object is put before the verb with "zhi" or "yes" to emphasize the object. At this time, "zhi" is only the symbol of prepositional object, and it has no real meaning. For example, "I don't know what the sentence is, but I am puzzled." Adverbials in modern Chinese are placed before predicates. If it is placed after the predicate, it is the complement. Conditions: 1. In classical Chinese, the object-object phrases composed of the preposition "Yu" are mostly in the position of complement. When translated into modern Chinese, most of them should be moved to the front of the verb as adverbials. For example, green is taken from blue, while green is bluer than blue. 2. The object-object phrases composed of the preposition "Yi" are generally translated today. In translation, the composition can be determined according to the situation. For example, before I was born, my knowledge of Tao was also ahead of me. In order to highlight and emphasize the attribute, the attribute is sometimes placed after the head word. This situation is called "attribute postposition". First, "head word+attribute+person". For example, a horse with a thousand miles will eat all the corn at once. If you are far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about your husband.