The world's first railway

The world's first railway

On September 27, 1825, the Stockton Darlington Railway, the world's first railway made in Britain, was officially opened to traffic.

The world's first railway was born in Britain, called the Darlington Railway. Since Britain built the world's first railway in 1825, the advantages of railway transportation have been quickly recognized. Secondly, the British built 160 kilometers in the last three months of 1825, which was extended to more than 30,300 kilometers by 1860, averaging more than 800 kilometers per year. Since then, railways have been built in countries around the world.

On September 27, 1825, the world's first railway was officially opened to traffic, and an unprecedented performance was held. The opening ceremony was held at Schleidon Station on the colliery line to Darlington, with a parade of five trains. The first train was pulled by the steam locomotive "Traveler", followed by a tender, 32 freight cars and 1 passenger car.

China’s earliest and first railway

my country’s first operating railway, Wusong Railway. The Wusong Railway was built by a capital group headed by the British Jardine Matheson Company. On June 30, 1876, the Shanghai-Jiangwan section of the Wusong Railway was completed, with a total length of 14.5 kilometers and three stations: Shanghai Huolunfang, Jiangwan and Wusong.

The first railway designed by the Chinese themselves: the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway

In 1905, the Qing government proposed a plan to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. It was also in this year that Zhan Tianyou began to serve as the Chief Engineer of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, responsible for the design and construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. As we said before, the great powers at that time believed that the Qing government did not have the ability to independently design railways, and they all wanted to see the government's joke. Zhan Tianyou refused to admit defeat, and pioneered the use of the "shaft digging method" and the "herringbone" line plan in the design of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. It took four years to successfully build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in 1909. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is also my country's first independently designed and built railway. Zhan Tianyou's design shocked China and foreign countries, and he is therefore known as the "Father of Chinese Railways."

Shortly after the design and construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was completed, the Qing government fell and the Republic of China was established. After the founding of the Republic of China, Zhan Tianyou served as the technical supervisor of the Ministry of Transportation and was in charge of national transportation technology work. At the same time, Zhan Tianyou also established the Chinese Engineers Association. With the help of the association, he cultivated a large number of young engineers, reserved a large number of reserve talents for the motherland, and promoted the development of China's railway industry and engineering industry.

The birth of the world's first railway

The world's first railway was born in the United Kingdom, called the Darlington Railway. Since Britain built the world's first railway in 1825, the advantages of railway transportation have been quickly recognized. Secondly, the British built 160 kilometers in the last three months of 1825, which was extended to more than 30,300 kilometers by 1860, averaging more than 800 kilometers per year. Since then, railways have been built in countries around the world.

On September 27, 1825, the world's first railway was officially opened to traffic, and an unprecedented performance was held. The opening ceremony was held at Schleidon Station on the colliery line to Darlington, with a parade of five trains. The first train was pulled by the steam locomotive "Traveler", followed by a tender, 32 freight cars and 1 passenger car.

Inventor of the train:

In 1810 Stephenson began to build a steam locomotive. After several years of hard work, he finally invented a steam locomotive in 1814, which was called the "Traveler". It kept emitting fire from the chimney as it moved forward, so it was called the "Train".

The first railway was built in Britain in 1825. In September of the same year, the "Traveler" locomotive towed more than 30 small carriages and was officially tested. The carriages carried 450 passengers and 90 tons of cargo. "No." train completed a distance of 40 kilometers at a speed of 24 kilometers per hour.

In 1814, Robert Stephenson built the steam locomotive "Rocket" with a speed of 58 kilometers per hour.

History of French railway development

History of development of world high-speed railways:

In the 1970s, a serious oil crisis occurred around the world, and the shadow of oil shortages Covering the world. In order to maintain sustainable economic development, countries after reflection require a thorough reform of the traditional transportation energy structure model, and railways are the only transportation mode that can use non-petroleum energy.

For more than 40 years since Japan built the world's first high-speed railway, the Tokyo-Osaka high-speed railway, in 1964, high-speed railways have developed rapidly from scratch. As of now, there are nearly 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways in operation around the world, distributed in 17 countries and regions including China, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, South Korea, and Taiwan. As a safe, reliable, fast, comfortable, large-capacity, low-carbon and environmentally friendly transportation mode, high-speed railway has become an important trend in the development of the world's transportation industry.

The development process of the world's high-speed railways can be divided into three stages:

1. The first time was from the 1960s to the late 1980s, which was the initial stage of the development of the world's high-speed railways. stage, this construction climax was mainly driven by developed countries Japan, France, Italy and Germany. During this period, Japan built the main structure of the Shinkansen network throughout the country and achieved great success in technology, business, finance and politics.

2. The second time was from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. As Japan and other countries have made great achievements in high-speed railway construction, countries around the world have paid great attention to high-speed railways and put them into practice. France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom are the most prominent in Europe. In 1997, the "Eurostar" train from Paris connected France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. During this period, Japan, France, Germany and Italy also made careful and detailed plans to develop and improve high-speed rail networks, and carried out large-scale expansion of the original high-speed rail networks.

3. The third time is from the mid-1990s to the present. This construction climax involves Asia, North America, Oceania and the entire Europe, forming a revolutionary transformation and upgrading of the world's transportation industry. Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, Australia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and other countries and regions have all started the construction of high-speed railways. In order to cooperate with the construction of the European high-speed railway network, countries such as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Greece and Romania in eastern and central Europe are undergoing trunk railway reconstruction and comprehensive speed improvement. Countries that have carried out preliminary research and preliminary practice on high-speed railways include Turkey, China, the United States, Canada and India.

Extended information:

High-speed railway, referred to as high-speed railway, refers to a railway with high infrastructure design speed standards that can allow trains to travel safely and at high speed on the track. The train operating speed is 200km/h. above.

High-speed railway is a railway system with high design speed and allows trains to run at high speed. The world's first formal high-speed railway system was Japan's Shinkansen, which was completed and opened to traffic in 1964. The initial speed standard was 200km/h. Later, with technological advancement, train speeds became faster. Different countries in different eras have different views on high-speed railways. Definition, and stipulates detailed technical standards for each high-speed railway level according to the national conditions, involving different train speeds, railway types, etc.

Currently, countries that operate high-speed trains with speeds above 250 kilometers per hour include China, Japan, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, Canada, Australia, the United States, Russia, South Korea, India and other countries.

Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia--World High-speed Railway? China Information News--The Development Process of World High-speed Railway