Two children argued about this day (summing up the characters in the story)

When Confucius traveled eastward, he saw two children arguing (1) and asked him why (2).

A son said, "I started from (3) the day I went out, (4) people were near, and Japanese and China were far away." Another child thinks that the sun is far from the sun when it rises, and it is closer to people at noon.

A son said, "When the sun rises, it is as big as a hood (6), and when it rises at noon (7), (8) is like a vegetable bowl (9). This is not (10) which is smaller and which is closer? "

A son said, "It's cool when the sun rises in the morning (1 1), just like exploring soup at noon (12). Isn't this near hot and far cold? "

Confucius can't decide (13). The two children laughed and said, "Who is smarter than you (15)?"

Precautions:

(1) Debate: Debate, debate.

(2) reason: reason, reason.

(3) take: think, think.

(4) Go: Leave.

(5) noon: noon.

(6) Car cover: The canopy on ancient cars was umbrella-shaped.

And: here we are.

(8) then: just.

(9) jar: an open vessel for holding wine and food.

(10) Yes: Yes.

(1 1) Cang Cang Liang: cold and cloudy, with cool weather.

(12) soup exploration: put your hand into hot water. It means it's very hot.

(13) judgment: ruling, judgment.

(14) who: who, which.

(15) ru: you.

Writing characteristics

1, the language is concise and reasonable.

2. Be good at using metaphors. For example, when two children argue about the phenomenon of "the distance between the suns", they use two metaphors such as "like a car cover" and "like a plate cylinder" to explain the size of the sun in detail, and combine "the beginning of a day" and "Japan and China" to clarify the reasons for the conclusion; On the one hand, starting from the feeling, taking Tantang as a contrast, combining the Early of the Day and Japan-China, the reasons are also made clear. Because the author is good at using metaphors, the language is vivid and convincing, which is easy to be understood and accepted by people.

Reference translation:

Confucius traveled to the East and saw two children arguing on the way. Ask them what they are arguing about.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The previous child said, "When the sun first came out, it was as big as the roof of a car. At noon, it was as small as the mouth of a plate and bowl. Isn't this just looking small from a distance and looking big from a distance? "

Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. It's not hot when it's near, and it's not cold when it's far away? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?"

This story is about the Spring and Autumn Period. Two children asked Confucius, a scholar at that time, "When is the sun near us?" One of them thinks that the sun looks bigger in the morning than at noon, so the sun is closer to us in the morning. The other thinks that the noon sun is warmer than the morning, so the noon sun is closer to us. The two of them came to two completely different conclusions from two different aspects, and both of them were very reasonable. Even Confucius doesn't know which is right.

This is a seemingly simple and complicated question, but today, scientists have been able to answer this question completely, in a word; The time of sunrise and sunset and the height of the sun change constantly throughout the year, and change with latitude. From 65438 to 0955, Professor Dai Wensai, a famous astronomer in China, made an in-depth study on this issue and published a paper entitled "The Change of the Day Distance between the Sun and Observers".

Take Beijing as an example. From June 65438+February 15 to1October 22, the noon sun is closer than the morning and evening sun. 65438+1 From October 22nd to June 5th, the sun is farther than the morning and closer than the evening, and from June 5th to August1day, the sun is closer than the morning and evening; From August 1 to February 15, the sun at noon is closer than in the morning and farther than at night. On June 22nd and 5th, the distance between the sun and the earth is equal in the morning and at noon. In August of 1 year and February of1year, the distance between the sun and the earth is equal at noon and at night. This was calculated in 1954 and can be applied to 100. 100 years later, there will be a difference of one day.

It can be seen that such a complicated problem is too profound for people living in the Spring and Autumn Period. However, this thoughtful and inquisitive quality of the ancients is worth learning. No thinking, no exploration. We believe that no matter how difficult the exploration is and how complicated the calculation is, as long as we work hard from generation to generation, we will be able to uncover many secrets of nature and calculate the change of the distance between the sun and the earth, which is the result of the efforts of generations.

This article is an allegorical story. The article describes that in ancient times, two children relied on their own intuition. One thinks that the sun is close to people in the morning, and the other thinks that the sun is close to people at noon. For this reason, they hold their own opinions and argue endlessly, even a knowledgeable person like Confucius can't make a judgment. This story shows that in order to understand nature and explore objective truth, we must dare to think independently and question boldly; It also shows that the universe is infinite and knowledge is infinite. Even the most knowledgeable people will know something and learn endlessly.

This story can be understood in three parts. Write the argument between Confucius and Lu Yu first, and point out the time, place, characters and reasons of the story. Two children put forward two completely different views on how far the sun is from the earth at different times. Then write about two children who use the intuition (vision and touch) that people can experience in their daily lives to clarify their views in order to refute each other's views. Finally, I wrote that the argument between Confucius and the two children was inconclusive, which led them to "laugh". The full text is only a hundred words, but it can give people a lot of inspiration. It is the characteristic of language expression to express characters and unfold stories through dialogue description, which shows the innocence and loveliness of two children and Confucius' scientific attitude of being modest and seeking truth from facts.

The main purpose of writing this article is to let students understand the language characteristics of ancient Chinese, and at the same time realize that knowledge is endless and learning is endless.

The difference in meaning between ancient and modern times is the difficulty in learning this article. For example, the meaning of "going" in "I want to be close to people when the sun rises" is different from that commonly used in modern times. In addition, there are few words such as "who" and "ru" in modern Chinese, and such words should be understandable by students.

The following translations are for reference only:

Confucius went to the East to study and saw two children arguing on the way. Confucius asked them why they argued.

A child said, "I think the sun is close to people when it first comes out, and far away from people at noon." Another child thinks that the sun is far away from people when it first comes out and close to people at noon.

The previous child said, "The sun was as big as a hood when it first came out, and it was like a bowl at noon. Isn't it far small and near big? "

Another child said, "It's cool as soon as the sun comes out, and it's hot when you put your hand into hot water at noon. Isn't it cool to be near hot and far hot? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right and wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who says you know much?"

Second, learning objectives

1. Learn three new words in this lesson and make sense according to the notes after class.

2. Read the text with emotion. Recite the text and repeat the story.

3. Understand the content of the text, learn from the ancient people's spirit of understanding nature and seeking truth, which is good at thinking and boldly questioning, as well as Confucius' scientific attitude of modesty and seeking truth from facts, and realize the endless truth of learning.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before class, the teacher can consult the scientific knowledge involved in the text. Students can also be arranged to ask, "Does the distance between the sun and the earth change during the day?" ? Why does the sun look big in the morning and small at noon? Why does it feel cold in the morning and hot at noon? ".

Although this article is concise, it is still difficult for students to read and understand the different meanings of ancient and modern words. For example, the modal particle "Hu", which rarely appears in modern texts, appears three times in the article. There are three steps to solve this difficulty. (1) After reading the text, students can understand the meaning of each sentence according to their notes. For students who don't understand, the teacher can give them a little guidance to let them understand the context. (2) Read repeatedly to understand the story. (3) Tell this story in your own words.

This story contains profound truth. Teachers can organize students to discuss and exchange their ideas after reading this text. Students should be encouraged to speak freely and feel from multiple angles. For example, two children like to explore, and their spirit is commendable; Two children know things from different angles and have different results; Confucius can treat children's problems correctly and seek truth from facts.

At the end of the article, Confucius was "uncertain", so students should know that many natural phenomena are common-sense scientific knowledge for us, but in ancient times, it was difficult to solve the mystery because of underdeveloped technology, so Confucius' "uncertainty" was understandable. It can be seen that the universe is big and the knowledge is wide, up and down, although the wise can't know everything. Confucius did not "think he knew what he didn't know", but adopted a realistic attitude of "knowing what he knows is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing". So when teaching, don't take Confucius as the theme to understand.

For beginners of classical Chinese, repeated reading is the most important method. When studying this article, we should pay attention to guiding reading aloud. Read the article aloud and read the pause in the sentence according to the following tips.

Confucius traveled eastward to see/two children/debate and asked him why.

A son said, "I started from the day when I was near and the day when I was far away." A child goes far at the beginning of a day and comes near at the beginning of a day.

A son said, "when the sun rises, it is as big as the hood of a car, and at noon, it is like a dish." Isn't this/the far is small/the near is big? "

A son said, "It's cool at sunrise and cool at noon, like exploring soup. Is it not hot near/cold far away? "

Hearing this, Confucius could not judge who was right or wrong. The two children smiled and said, "Who/for you/for Zhihu?"

The description of two children's language and dialogue is the key point for teachers to guide students to read aloud.

In the second paragraph, the two children put forward completely different views on the distance between the sun and the earth at different times, so students should be instructed to read their views and uncompromising attitudes in a positive tone.

In the third and fourth paragraphs, the two children put forward reasons to prove their views and refute each other's views according to their own feelings and experiences. The two paragraphs are consistent in sentence structure and structure, and both end with rhetorical questions, so we should pay attention to the reading of rhetorical questions. Among them, "As Big as a Car Cover" and "As Soup as Soup" should be re-read, while "As a Vegetable Bowl" and "The Vicissitudes of the Beam" should be read lightly, so that they can be read in a contrasting tone, forming an irrefutable and urgent climax.

In the fifth paragraph, when two children saw that Confucius could not govern the country, they laughed and said, "Who is Zhihu?" Rhetorical questions are also used. What is clear here is that the laughter of the two children is not ironic. Students should be instructed to read a lively and relaxed tone to show their innocence and cuteness.

To guide students to read classical Chinese, we should pay attention to model reading and reading guidance. On the basis of students understanding the content of the article and reading the full text with emotion, guide students to read in different roles and try to recite it in class.

5. Expand after class. It is suggested that a Chinese practice activity be arranged to perform the "New Two-Child Debate Day". Before the activity began, the teacher provided the idea of the activity: a modern teenager traveled through time and space to distant ancient times, met two children arguing about Japan, and the two children asked the teenager to make a ruling. In the activity, let the students perform creative performances in groups first, and then communicate in class.

Fourth, reference materials.

1. This article is selected from Liezi Tang Wen. Liezi is said to have been written by Lieyukou, a man of Zheng in the Warring States Period (about 450 BC-375 BC), in which many excellent fables and folk stories in the pre-Qin period were preserved, which was in direct opposition to Confucius.

2. Confucius (5565438 BC+0-479 BC), whose name is Zhong Ni. Lu Yi (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. His words and deeds throughout his life were compiled into The Analects by his students and spread all over the world.

We should learn from Confucius' modesty, prudence and seeking truth from facts, and know how to learn endlessly. At the same time, we deeply feel that children are good at using their brains and boldly questioning in order to understand nature and seek truth.

From this story, we feel that the ancients were good at using their brains, boldly questioning, boldly understanding nature and seeking truth, as well as Confucius' modest, cautious and honest attitude, and also realized the endless truth of learning.