The Soviet Union launched the war in Afghanistan.

The Soviet Union launched the war in Afghanistan.

1547, Ivan IV, the Grand Duke of Moscow, was crowned czar, and Tsarist Russia was formally established. Nearly 200 years later, Russia has been competing with Sweden, Denmark and other countries for the Baltic coast. /kloc-During the reign of Peter the Great in the early 8th century, he fought with the Kingdom of Sweden for a long time. 172 1 year, in the Great Northern War, Peter I defeated the Kingdom of Sweden, got the mouth of the Baltic Sea, and was crowned as the "All-Russian Emperor", which promoted tsarist Russia to a higher level and turned it into a Russian empire. /kloc-In the late 8th century, during the reign of Catherine II, there were several wars with the Ottoman Empire. Finally, the Crimean peninsula was controlled from the Ottoman Empire, thus establishing a stable naval base along the Black Sea coast.

The problem is that the only exit of the Black Sea has been firmly controlled by the Ottoman Empire, and that is the Bosphorus Strait in Istanbul. If you want to enter the Mediterranean from the Black Sea, then Russia must get through Istanbul.

Istanbul is the capital of the Ottoman Empire, and occupying it is tantamount to destroying others. To this end, the Ottoman Empire never gave in, and the two sides started fighting again. From 65438 to 0853, the Crimean War broke out. With the help of Britain and France, the Ottoman Empire defeated Russia and saved Istanbul. Tsar Nicholas I died with resentment.

Obviously, it is very difficult to get through the southwest sea. So after Alexander II came to power, he changed his mind. It plans to expand eastward to Central Asia.

First, Alexander II began to attack the Far East and Central Asia.

Nicholas I intended to leave his son a peaceful and prosperous life, but Russia became riddled with holes. After well-educated Alexander II came to power, he immediately hastily ended the Crimean War.

He realized that they couldn't have a good time in the west, so he turned his attention to East Asia and Central Asia.

From A.D. 1858 to 1864, Alexander II took advantage of the two opium wars in the Qing Dynasty to send troops to the Far East.

Through the Treaty of Love, Russia seized more than 600,000 square kilometers of territory north of Heilongjiang and south of Xing 'an Mountains. Through the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty, Russia seized more than 400,000 square kilometers of territory east of the Wusuli River in Heilongjiang Province (including Sakhalin Island). Russia seized 440,000 square kilometers of territory east and south of Balkhash Lake in the northwest and north and south of Zhaisanpo through the records of northwest boundary demarcation.

Alexander II suffered losses in Europe, but he got very generous compensation here, and got more than 6.5438+0.5 million square kilometers of land in total.

Since then, Alexander II, including the later emperor of Russia, has strengthened a belief that orientals are easy to bully.

Believe it or not, they renamed Vladivostok "Vladivostok", which means "ruling the East" in translation.

Just having a seaport in the Far East is not enough. Alexander thinks that Russia must have a seaport in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, during the two years from 1864 to 1865, Russia sent troops to Central Asia, forcibly captured the vast number of khanates, Bukhara khanates, Shiva khanates and other countries, and occupied the territories of the five great Stan in Central Asia.

I had a great time in the east, and Alexander II was a little erratic. 1878 this guy launched the tenth Russian-Turkish war with the intention of controlling the Balkans.

At that time, the Ottoman Empire was dying. As a result, under the interference of Britain, Germany and the United States, Russia had to give up the goal of fighting for the Balkans, but it also weakened the influence of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans.

Second, why do Russians take the road of Afghanistan?

In fact, it's a bit difficult to find a seaport from Central Asia. In addition to the five great Stan in Central Asia, there are also a series of countries in the south.

At that time, if Russia wanted to continue to develop in Central Asia, it had to March in two directions:

First direction, southeast direction. It needs to pass through Afghanistan and Pakistan. The second direction, southwest. It needs to pass through Iran.

A discerning person knows at a glance that dealing with one country is always like dealing with two countries. In principle, it seems more convenient to take the road of Iran. But why did the Soviet Union choose the road of Afghanistan and Pakistan?

Russian territory reached 22.8 million square kilometers, and all five Central Asian countries were spared, all of which became Russian territory. However, before the collapse of Russia, they still failed to find a seaport in the Indian Ocean.

1924 after the establishment of the Soviet union, these sites were also cleaned up one after another, saving at least 22.4 million square kilometers. At this time, the baton to find the sea in the Indian Ocean fell into the hands of the Soviet Union. So what will the Soviet Union choose?

The Soviet Union did not choose the road of Iran, but directly chose the road of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Why? Did the Soviet Union choose the hardest thing to show its superiority?

First of all, Russians have been active in Afghanistan for many years.

This is an indispensable thing. After winning the five Central Asian countries, the Russians naturally intend to go further south and win Afghanistan.

But this time, they found that Britain's power has also expanded here. Britain, based in India, has been pushing northward, and Afghanistan is naturally their dream place.

As early as 1885, Russia occupied a part of Afghanistan, and Britain has launched two wars to invade Afghanistan. Therefore, it has become an important battlefield for Russia and Britain.

Afghanistan has been ruled by Zahir dynasty since World War II, but the Soviet Union has a strong influence here. After all, everyone is next to each other.

Since 1973, the Soviet Union has successively supported two puppet regimes in Afghanistan, namely, Afghanistan in daud, Afghan democracy in China and Talacchi.

Why two? The reason is simple, because people are always disobedient. In any case, until 1979, the Soviet Union's influence on Afghanistan was still enormous. At this moment Amin overthrew Talacchi, who treated the Soviet Union like a father, and made the Soviet Union very angry. Amin sent troops to Afghanistan, drove Amin away and established the third puppet regime, namely Babrak Kamal's puppet regime.

Since then, the Soviet Union has been fighting here for 10 years. Until 1989, the Soviet Union could not hold on and had to withdraw its troops in a hurry. No way, there are too many rebels in this place to win! The Soviet Union disintegrated two years later, so it is no exaggeration to say that Afghanistan is called the imperial cemetery.

However, we can also see that from the end of 19 to the end of the 20th century, that is, close to 1 century, the Soviet Union has spent too much energy in Afghanistan, so it is inevitable that it will not give up easily.

Secondly, Pakistan, which is adjacent to Afghanistan, is pro-American.

You know, it was during the Cold War, the political situation in Afghanistan was chaotic, and Pakistan next door lived a happy life with the help of the United States.

Britain's influence here has disappeared, replaced by the United States. Therefore, if the Soviet Union does not control Afghanistan, then the United States will definitely further influence Afghanistan through Pakistan. This is undoubtedly a threat to the Soviet Union.

In order to confront the United States, the Soviet Union must stabilize the territory of Afghanistan. Only by taking root here can we ensure the front between Afghanistan and Pakistan, not between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.

Third, Iran was also infiltrated by the Soviet Union.

Who said that the Soviet Union only attacked Afghanistan? As early as 194 1, after the outbreak of World War II, Soviet troops invaded Iran with Britain. Can it be simpler? Who wants to make it too complicated?

Therefore, the Iranian railway directly became an important material transportation route from the Persian Gulf to the Soviet Union. 1942, the United States also intervened. As a result, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union jointly controlled Iran's resources and transportation routes.

Obviously, the situation in Iran is much more complicated than that in Afghanistan. During World War II, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union were still allies, so the problem was not serious. But after the end of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, contradictions came.

1945, when Britain and the United States chose to respect Iran's sovereignty and planned to withdraw their troops, the Soviet army was not willing to withdraw at all. The Soviet army even supported some armed forces in northwest Iran and engaged in a series of autonomous movements. Therefore, the Soviet army has long controlled northern Iran.

Therefore, since then, Iran has become an important battlefield for hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union. If the Soviet Union can completely control this place, it can directly find the estuary in the Indian Ocean, but the difficulty coefficient is too great. After all, the United States is also staring at this place.

1979, the Pahlavi kingdom of Iran fell and Khomeini established the Islamic Republic. However, the situation in Iran is still very chaotic. According to reason, now is the best time for the Soviet Union to attack Iran.

In fact, the Soviet Union did the same. For example, 1980, the Soviet Union decisively supported Iraq's use of force against Iran. Thus, the famous Iran-Iraq war broke out, which lasted for eight years.

The reason why the Soviet Union did not directly attack Iran is also very simple, because they have no deep-rooted foundation here. Moreover, at that time, they had already sent troops to Afghanistan, so it was impossible to fight on two fronts, so that the elderly Americans would be embarrassed behind their backs.

Summary: I guess Russia must wish it were an island country.

Russia attaches more importance to the ocean than any strategic resource. Since the establishment of Russia in the16th century, they have never relaxed their exploration of the ocean.

I really admire that the Far East is so far away that all these people can find the sea. So I think in the next life, Russia definitely wants to be an island country, so it is surrounded by the sea, and how to go to sea will do.