Great changes have taken place in Ningxia in the past 30 years of reform and opening up.

The third phase expansion project of Ningxia Daba Power Plant is under intense construction. In order to meet the demand of power load growth in Northwest Power Grid and improve the stability level and power supply reliability of Ningxia Power Grid, two 600,000 kW domestic subcritical air-cooled coal-fired generating units were newly installed in the third phase expansion project of this power plant, which will save 47% of water resources. The first unit will be put into use in September this year.

Yinchuan Ring Expressway holds up the skeleton of the Great Yinchuan Highway.

After nearly three years of construction, the northwest ring of Yinchuan Ring Expressway will be completed early next month. The full line 15 interchange brings convenience to the people, but it also inevitably makes the first-time car owners "dizzy". In order to make the expressway around the city run effectively, yesterday, the relevant person in charge of Yinchuan Branch of Ningxia Highway Administration Bureau took the reporter to the road first to guide pedestrians.

According to reports, the expressway around the city after the completion of the whole line will support the traffic skeleton of Dayuan. In the past, when pedestrians went to the airport or Ningnan area, they had to go to Beijing-Tibet Expressway through Yinchuan Station of Ginko Expressway, which caused increasing traffic pressure in this direction. After the Ring Expressway runs through, passengers from Xixia District and jinfeng district can directly drive into the Ring Expressway, which is convenient for going out of the city without going through xingqing district. Entering Yinchuan from the expressway, the number of entrances has also increased to four, namely, Ginko Expressway Yinchuan Station (later called Yinchuan East Station), Baige Interchange Yinchuan South Station, Xinhe Lan Interchange Yinchuan North Station and Helanshan Road Toll Station.

The change of Yinchuan residence from adobe house to small high-rise building

Wang Quanyin, who lives in Tong 'anyuan 1 Building 61Unit1Room in Xixia District, is 72 years old. He was in high spirits and worked in the agricultural reclamation system before he retired. The house I live in now was bought in 2006, with three bedrooms and two living rooms, with a total area of 1 12 square meters and a living room of nearly 30 square meters. "I'm not afraid of your jokes. When I first moved here, I couldn't sleep for three days. This is an exciting thing. I didn't expect to live in such a nice house when I was old. I sincerely thank the party and the government for their good housing reform policies. "

Speaking of the changes in Yinchuan people's housing in the past 50 years, Uncle Wang thinks it is an earth-shaking change. 1978 was preceded by "residents are worried about their houses". By 1998, "residents have a house to live in" was initially realized. Now, it is developing in the direction of "residents are better than houses".

■ 1960s and 1970s: Almost every family in it runs in the family.

Uncle Wang was born in the 1930s and is from Ningxia. Speaking of the housing situation of Yinchuan people when Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was just established, Uncle Wang shook his head again and again, very touched: "At that time, there were almost no buildings in Yinchuan, and people lived in adobe houses. I remember that Yinchuan Hotel and Post and Telecommunications Building were built at the end of 1962, and there were buildings in old Yinchuan. " By the end of 1962, the per capita housing area in Yinchuan was only 3.78 square meters.

In the 1960s, Uncle Wang lived in two adobe houses with a total area of less than 20 square meters. At that time, I advocated my husband's postpartum life; With high accumulation and low consumption, the speed of housing construction is far behind the growth rate of urban population. Uncle Wang said: "At that time, there was no furniture at home, as long as people had a place to sleep. Every family around me runs in the family. " It was not until the 1970s that Uncle Wang's two younger brothers got married one after another, and the house at home was slightly spacious. But all four children in the family have grown up. In order to give the children a quiet learning environment, Uncle Wang had to build a double kang in the only boy's room. The old couple slept in the kitchen, and the old mother and four children slept in two adobe houses. Speaking of the adobe house where he once lived, Uncle Wang said with self-deprecation: "At that time, people often used' yellow on the wall, muddy on rainy days, dusty on sunny days' to describe the house where we lived."

It is understood that by the end of 1979, the per capita housing area in Yinchuan only increased by 0.7 square meters to 4.2 square meters.

■ Post-80s: If you want a house, you must go through "waiting, relying and wanting".

In the 1980s, some units began to build houses by self-financing, but at that time, residents stopped at "waiting, relying and wanting" to solve the housing problem. When the government builds a house, it depends on the organization to allocate housing and the unit to give the house. Uncle Wang is also like this, looking forward to the housing allocation of the unit as soon as possible, but in his state-owned agricultural reclamation system, I don't know how many people are waiting in line for the house. At that time, the scene of housing distribution was still fresh in Uncle Wang's memory: "As long as there is a little trouble, the housing management office will become the most lively place."

Uncle Wang's family lived in those two adobe houses for more than twenty years. He said that he was particularly envious of the people who lived in the buildings in the city at that time. Although there is no separate kitchen and bathroom, buildings are warmer than adobe houses in winter. It was not until 1985 unit built a new brick house that Uncle Wang was admitted to the new house. The area of the house is larger than before 15 square meters.

Speaking of buildings, Uncle Wang is talking about the largest community in Yinchuan in the 1980s. "1984, I heard from my colleagues that a large-scale residential area has been built near Tanglaiqu, with commercial outlets, flower beds, green spaces, pavilions and pavilions. There are also primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, theaters, postal services, savings, gas supply and central heating facilities, which are particularly enviable. "

According to statistics, by the end of 1988, the per capita housing area in Yinchuan was 6.9 square meters, which was above the average level among provincial capitals and large and medium-sized cities in China. In that year, Tang Huai, Hubin, Heping New Village, North Ring Road, Youai, Folk Music, East Ring Road of Xincheng, Weisi Road of Xincheng, and other 1 1 residential quarters were built one after another, and nearly 10000 households moved into the new building.

■ 1990s: There was a watershed in housing policy.

1990s, a new housing era began, and a watershed appeared in housing policy. On the one hand, "welfare housing" still dominates, on the other hand, the originally allocated "welfare housing" and various self-built public houses are resold to users at a discount. That is, 1993, Uncle Wang divided the unit into two brick houses, and after deducting the construction depreciation, he bought it at the price of 1 10,000 yuan.

1998 in the blink of an eye. After the State Council issued the "Notice on Further Deepening Urban Housing Reform and Accelerating Housing Construction", the housing system reform was fully launched. The physical distribution of housing has been cancelled, and the monetization of housing distribution has been implemented. Many people's housing trajectories have fundamentally changed.

The houses where Uncle Wang's four children live were all bought in the 1990s. Wang Hongping, the eldest son, said: "At that time, I spent more than 40,000 yuan to buy a house of more than 60 square meters. Friends around me think that the house I bought is too expensive, but in retrospect, I still bought it right. "

■ Now: Buyers look at the living environment.

In 2006, the two semi-brick houses where Uncle Wang lived were to be demolished. The real estate company exempted Uncle Wang from 60 square meters by replacement, and the remaining area was paid by Uncle Wang himself. Uncle Wang took out his savings for many years and bought this new building of 1 12 square meters. His four children also spent more than 40,000 yuan to finely decorate the house, realizing his dream of living in a building for many years. Uncle Wang said: "I was particularly excited when I got the real estate license. I always thought I wouldn't have a chance to live in a building. I didn't expect to live in my new building when I was old. If I were younger for decades, I would definitely live in a small high-rise building, where the environment must be better than the current community. "

In the new century, under the leadership of Yinchuan Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, the pace of housing construction has been accelerated. There is a set of data to witness: in 2000, the per capita housing area 12.4 square meters; 2002 16.2 m2; 22.9 square meters in 2004; 25.3 square meters in 2006. This year, the Yinchuan Municipal Government also proposed to build 405,800 square meters of affordable housing, which will enable more people to realize the dream of "home ownership".

The Ministry of Education officially sent a letter to the people's government of the autonomous region, recognizing that Ningxia's "two basics" (basically popularizing nine-year compulsory education and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged people) passed the national acceptance, marking the historic leap of Ningxia's "two basics" and entering a new stage of development.

Seeing Ningdong Rebuilding "Economic Ningxia"

On the night flight overlooking Ningxia Plain, there are two most dazzling lights on both sides of the Yellow River-colorful Yinchuan City in the west and Ningdong Energy and Heavy Chemical Industry Base in the east, which is known as the "No.1 Project" in Ningxia.

On the east side of this coal sea with an area of 3,500 square kilometers, an unprecedented development boom awakened the desert that had been silent for thousands of years. Its development and construction will reverse the passive situation that the development gap between Ningxia, a minority area, and developed areas is constantly widening, and further enhance Ningxia's position in the national energy economic map.

The choice of "jumping up and picking peaches"

Ningxia, which goes deep into the northwest inland, has a land area of more than 60,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 6 million. Its GDP and fiscal revenue are only equivalent to the level of small and medium-sized cities in developed coastal provinces.

According to estimates, the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way will be achieved in 2020, quadrupling the country and quadrupling Ningxia. Decision makers in Ningxia know that without industrialization, it is impossible to achieve leap-forward development; It is impossible to build a well-off society in an all-round way without taking the road of new industrialization; Without the promotion of major projects and key projects, achieving the set goals will be water without a source and a tree without a root.

Through analysis and judgment, the Party Committee and government of the autonomous region have locked in the traditional industry of coal: with the rapid rise of China's economy, the energy characteristics of rich coal, poor oil and little gas further determine the main position of coal in China's energy strategy. Ningdong coalfield is a rare integrated coalfield in China, with proven reserves of 27.3 billion tons, equivalent to the sum of all the proven reserves in the three northeastern provinces. The long-term predicted resource amount is as high as 65.438+0394 billion tons, with excellent coal quality and superior mining conditions. "Ningxia coal must be based on local transformation and complete development from a high starting point." Wang, chairman of the autonomous region, proposed that Ningxia should stand on the height of national energy security and overall development of Ningxia, vigorously promote the development and transformation of superior resources according to the requirements of Scientific Outlook on Development, highlight the construction of Ningdong base, and rebuild the total industrial economy of Ningxia.

Get out of "rich and poor"

In 2003, the horn of Ningdong development sounded.

Wang Jian, chairman of Shenhua Ning Mei Group, said that in the next 12 years, Ningdong will build eight large-scale modern mines to build a 100 million-ton coal base; The production capacity of coal-to-oil products, coal-based olefins, coal-to-methanol products and dimethyl ether products reaches13.5 million tons, making it the largest coal chemical base in Asia. Build a power base with a total installed capacity of 26.3 million kilowatts.

The total investment in building the above three bases will be as high as 300 billion yuan. By then, the annual added value of Ningdong will reach 80 billion yuan to 6543.8+000 billion yuan, equivalent to 654.38+0.5 times the total economic output of Ningxia in 2007. In addition, it can increase fiscal revenue by 654.38+0.8 billion yuan and create more than 800,000 new jobs. At the same time, Ningxia will step into a well-off society in step with the whole country.

Yan Yongsheng, general manager of Shenhua Ning Mei Group, explained the new "coal economic theory" to the reporter: the average selling price per ton of raw coal is about 140 yuan, but in terms of processing added value, the power generation can be increased by 2 times, coal-based methanol can be increased by 4 times, and methanol can be further processed into chemical products such as olefins by 8 to 12 times. According to the coal chemical industry chain, from coal to methanol, to dimethyl ether, urea and other products, profits have doubled layer by layer. Moreover, Ningxia coal can get rid of the constraints of transportation bottlenecks and no longer worry about outbound transportation.

Coal chemical industry park is the main park of Ningdong base. According to the plan, only large and super-large coal gasification and coal liquefaction projects and supporting and deep processing industries are allowed to develop here, and other industrial projects are not allowed to enter. "Although the status of Ningxia coal in the country is not prominent, the deep processing status of coal will be the most prominent in the country." Wang Jian is full of confidence.

According to the newly revised Outline of Planning and Construction of Ningdong Energy and Chemical Industry Base, by 2020, the coal output of the base will reach 65.438+0.3 billion tons, and the new output will be mainly used for coal chemical industry. "It is a rare opportunity for the state to adjust the coal distribution, restrict the eastern part and appropriately increase the development of resources in the central and western regions." Yan Yongsheng said.

Rebuilding "Economic Ningxia"

Recently, the reporter went deep into the construction site of Ningdong base for an interview, where the construction passion is everywhere. Li Jiangong, deputy director of Ningdong Office, said that the construction speed of the base is accelerating year by year. In 2007, the actual investment was 654.38+0.42 billion yuan, exceeding the total fixed assets investment of Ningxia coal industry in the past 50 years, and this year's investment will exceed 20 billion yuan.

Speed, scale and benefit have played the main theme of the development of Ningdong.

Yangchangwan Coal Mine, with a single well output of10 million tons, is one of the most modern coal mines in China. It only takes 25 months from the start of construction to the completion of commissioning, and it will take more than 8 years if it is built according to the routine.

With a total investment of about 654.38+07 billion yuan, the world's first large-scale coal chemical project to produce polypropylene from coal, which started at the end of 2005, is under construction and will be put into operation next year.

Build a coking project with an annual output of one million tons of coal; A reservoir with a storage capacity of100000 cubic meters will be built in one year; 70 days to build an ecological square ...

The scientific planning of Ningdong's speed and high starting point has also made domestic and foreign industrial giants such as Shenhua Group, Luneng Group, Huadian Group, Guodian Group, South Africa's Chasol, Germany's Siemens, and Anglo-Dutch Shell come in droves. At the same time, its name frequently appears in the national industrial development plan.

In the near future, the establishment of an important national energy and chemical base with close industrial relations, high production intensity, resource conservation, environmental friendliness, stability, reliability, high quality and high efficiency will put wings on the social and economic development of Ningxia.

The plant type is compact, the ear layer is neat, the grain is full, and the straw is tough ... On June 24, at the promotion meeting of new wheat varieties held by Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Ningchun 47, a new spring wheat variety, showed people the advantages of high yield and wide adaptability in a 420-mu production demonstration field in Wuzhong Liangfan Farm. Ningchun 47, a new wheat variety, was cultivated by the Crop Research Institute of the Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences and officially passed the variety approval in February this year. Wei, the main researcher, said that the outstanding characteristics of this variety are high and stable yield, good comprehensive resistance and wide adaptability. In the regional trials in 2006 and 2007, the yield increased by 2.4% compared with the control, ranking first. At the same time, this variety is insensitive to water and fertilizer, resistant to bacterial wilt and strong lodging resistance, which has been recognized by farmers.

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Coordinated development of population and economy. In 2007, the natural population growth rate of the whole region was 9.76‰, which was 1958 lower than 14.58‰. From 1982 to 2007, there were nearly 654.38+300,000 fewer births in the whole region. At the same time, the regional GDP reflecting the total economic output increased by 12.4%, which was 83.5 times higher than that of 1957. The sex ratio of population in some parts of the country is not harmonious, but the normal ratio of 103 107 has been maintained in our region, and in 2007 it was 104.5: 107.

National unity and harmonious coexistence. The 46 ethnic minorities, mainly Hui, have always cooperated with the Han nationality, which has kept the society in our region stable and become a model of national unity. The loose birth policy has enabled the population of ethnic minorities to continue to grow at a high speed, doubling in number and expanding in proportion. In 2007, the total population of the Hui nationality reached 2 182300, accounting for 35.76% of the total population in the region, which was 2.5 times and 3.22 percentage points higher than that of 1958 respectively. The total number of other ethnic minorities is 46,040, accounting for 0.75%, which is 22 times and 0.64 percentage points higher than 1.958.

Further harmony between man and nature. In May 2008, ten areas, including Ningxia Plain, Chengdu Plain and Subei Plain, were rated as "Top Ten New Enriched People" with rich ecology and residents living and working in peace and contentment. In 2007, Yinchuan, the provincial capital, won three laurels: National Sanitary City, National Water-saving City and National Garden City. Shizuishan was awarded "National Demonstration City for Ecological Environment Construction of Soil and Water Conservation". Since the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests in 2000, the whole region has returned farmland to11890,000 mu, and the area of soil erosion has decreased from 92% in the past to 53%, reducing the annual sediment transport by 5 million tons. The desertification area decreased from 65438+650,000 hectares in 1970s to 65438+65438+830,000 hectares in 2007. Over the past 30 years, more than 400,000 hectares of sandy land have been reclaimed, which is equivalent to rebuilding a Ningxia Plain and becoming the first area in China to implement the policy of "returning sand to people". Turning sand into treasure and turning sand into gold, among the national AAAAA-level tourist attractions, there are two scenic spots in our region that mainly focus on desert tourism. According to the report of environmental monitoring results in China, among the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions where the ecological environment has obviously improved, our region ranks second in the country in terms of improvement.

Regional strength enhancement

The gross domestic product (GDP), which is commonly used internationally to measure the comprehensive level of economic development of a country or region, is often referred to as "GDP" for short. In 2007, the autonomous region reached 88.92 billion yuan, 84.5 times that of 1957 before the establishment of the autonomous region. It is 3.3 times higher than 1978. Local fiscal revenue reached 8 billion yuan in 2007, 2 15.2 times higher than that of 1957 and 24.3 times higher than that of 1978. 12 cities and counties have a general budget income of over 100 million yuan, and 2 county-level cities have entered the top 100 in the west. Another sign of regional strength is the substantial increase in the output of major industrial and agricultural products: the grain output is 3.235 million tons, which is 4.8 times higher than that of 1.957 and 1.978 respectively; The output of other agricultural and sideline products has also increased several times, one hundred times or even one thousand times; The output of raw coal reached 37.3 million tons, which was 108.7 times before the establishment of the autonomous region and 2.7 times before the reform and opening up. The power generation is 4.51.1.60 billion kwh, which is 9,022.2 times and 26.3 times of 1.957 and 1.978 respectively. In 2007, the total capital formation in the whole region was 654,438+0 billion yuan, 72.4 times that of 1.978. The appearance of urban and rural areas has obviously changed: the construction of new countryside has been steadily promoted, and the goal of connecting oil, broadband, highways, radio and television, telephones and electricity to every household has been achieved first in the country. With the large-scale development of urban construction, the built-up area has more than doubled, and the urbanization rate has increased to 44%, ranking third in the west.