Interpretation of four-word idioms in ancient history

1. Four-word idiom describing ancient history: Warring States Period: Returned Zhao (Lin Xiangru) besieged Wei to save Zhao (Sun Bin) stayed away from Miyake (Zhong Er) and kept his word, offering himself (Mao Sui) to apologize (Lian Po) on paper (Zhao Kuo) with a strong momentum (Cao Gui) for thousands of dollars to buy bones (Guo Kun) to avoid doctors. ) Qin: A word of gold () refers to a deer as a horse (Zhao Gao) burning books to pit Confucianism (Qin Shihuang) poor figure Bi Jian (Jing Ke) hanging beams and stabbing stocks (Su Qin, Sun Jing) Han: a mouthful of rice gold (Han Xin) embarrassed on all sides (Xiang Yu) Three chapters of the contract (Liu Bang) An obedient child can teach (Sean) the last stop (Han Xin) a catty. Burn one's bridges (Xiang Yu) Don't let go of the book (Liu Xiu), sneak past Chen Cang (Liu Che), fall on one's feet (Xiang Yu), join the army with a pen (Ban Chao), wrap yourself in a horse (Ma Yuan), the more the better (Han Xin), the older you are (Ma Yuan), and the grass ear (Xiao He). Cao Can) Don't Face the Elder in Jiangdong (Xiang Yu) Three Kingdoms: Do your best (Zhuge Liang) to take care of the thatched cottage (Liu Bei) to cook beans and burn grass (Cao Zhi) to take warning (Monroe) to be a novice (Zhuge Liang) to be happy without thinking about Shu (Liu Chan) to write poetry in seven steps (Cao Zhi) to exaggerate (Ma Su) to take seven wins and seven verticals (Cao Zhi). I only owe Dongfeng (Zhou Yu, Cao Zhi)

2. With regard to the historical idiom and its explanation 30 1, Mencius used two metaphors to tell the king of Qi to persevere and have good intentions, otherwise he would not succeed.

2. The story of staying away from Miyake comes from Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong 22 years. This idiom means not arguing with others or making concessions on your own initiative.

3. The story of the death of the lips and the cold teeth comes from Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong for five years. The idiom "the lips are dead and the teeth are cold" means that the two sides are closely related and interdependent.

4. The idiom "Strengthening the Wall to Clear the Wild" comes from the reflection of Shu Wei Xunxian (Yu). "Fixing the wall to clear the field": Fixing the wall is to strengthen the city wall and fortress; Clearing the field is to collect food and property in the wild.

It is untenable to reinforce fortifications and transfer all residents and materials in the four fields so that the enemy can neither break into houses nor take anything. This is a way to confront the superior enemy.

This idiom comes from Jia Yi's On Qin Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty, which is about the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu at the end of Qin Dynasty. Metaphor holds high the banner of justice and rises up against it.

More generally refers to the people's uprising. 6. Start with "Mandarin Wu Yu" in full swing.

Describe a group of people or things with a huge lineup and huge momentum. 7. This idiom comes from the Book of Jin. Fu Jian's Notes. Jane and Fu Rong looked up at the city and saw that the weapons were neat and the soldiers were elite; Looking north, the vegetation on Bagong Mountain is all human.

Description: treat weeds and trees as enemy soldiers. Describe your psychological state of fear and doubt when you are hit by some kind of shock.

All: all. 8. The idiom "hundred battles" comes from Historical Records. Biography of Hou Huaiyin. Faith is to let 10 thousand people go first, go out and carry water behind.

All armies fight to the death and cannot be defeated.

Describe that if you don't go backwards, you will die if you don't succeed. 9. Story about Qin Chu Dynasty: During the Warring States Period, the two major vassal states of Qin Chu were opposed to each other and often fought wars.

Some vassal States sometimes favored Qin and sometimes Chu for their own interests and security. Metaphor is capricious.

10, returned to Zhao intact. It is recorded in Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru in the Western Han Dynasty: "Lin Xiangru was ordered to take Baoyu to Qin State 15 City. Seeing that Qin Wang was insincere, he finally returned Baoyu to Zhao intact by his own cleverness. " After the metaphor will be returned to the original owner intact.

Mao Sui recommended himself. According to Records of the Historian and Biography of Ping Yuanjun, Ping Yuanjun besieged Handan, the capital of Zhao, and asked Chu for help. The diner volunteered to go with him. When he arrived in Chu, he stood up and showed his interests. The king of Chu sent troops to save Zhao.

A metaphor for volunteering for a job. 12. The idiom "offer a humble apology" comes from Historical Records, Biographies of Lian Po and Biographies of Lin Xiangru: "Lian Po heard of it and offered a humble apology because he was a guest at Lin Xiangru Gate.

Carrying a scepter on his back, pleading guilty to the parties. Describe taking the initiative to admit mistakes, apologize and severely punish yourself.

13, an armchair strategist During the Warring States Period, Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao, studied the art of war when he was young, but his father couldn't beat him in military affairs. Later, he succeeded Lian Po as Zhao Jiang in the Battle of Changping.

I only know how to act according to the art of war, but I don't know how to be flexible. As a result, I was defeated by Qin Jun, and the metaphor was empty talk, which could not solve practical problems.

It is also a metaphor that empty talk cannot become a reality. 14, cross the rubicon In 207 BC, the Xiang Yu Rebel Army and the main force of Qin Jun led by Qin General Zhang Han fought in Julu (now Xingtai City, Hebei Province); Xiang Yu, not afraid of strong enemies, led his troops across Zhangshui (a river where Julu flows northeast to southeast).

After crossing the river, Xiang Yu ordered the whole army: "Anyone who sinks a ship, breaks a cauldron, burns down houses, and leaves three rations to show that the foot soldiers will die, and no one will return to their hearts." In World War I, Julu defeated Qin Jun and Xiang Bing.

Now it is a metaphor for death. 15, throwing a pen to join the army [interpretation] refers to the literati giving up cultural work and joining the army.

Throw: throw away. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Chao threw away his pen and decided to join the army in the frontier. Build a career.

See the biography of Ban Chao in the later Han Dynasty. 16, Three Visits to the Cottage refers to the event that China Liu Bei went to Zhuge Liang's residence in Longzhong (now near Xiangyang, Hubei) three times and asked him to come out to assist.

An idiom describing a thirst for talent. Also used to refer to sincere and repeated invitations.

17, when he captured the Three Kingdoms seven times, Zhuge Liang sent troops south, captured the local governor Meng Huo alive seven times, and set him free seven times, so that he really surrendered and was no longer an enemy. Metaphor is to persuade the other side with strategy.

18, single-handedly going to dinner originally meant that Guan Yu only took a knife and a few followers to Jingzhou for dinner. Later, it generally refers to a person taking risks to keep an appointment.

There is a feeling of praising the wisdom and courage of the participants. 19, "Song Shiyue's Flying Biography": At the beginning of his life, He Zhuzhong flew off his skirt to show his casting on his back, and the word "loyalty to the country" went deep into his skin.

Interpretation means national loyalty and sacrificing everything. 20. The incident at the east window was originally that the plot of the pointer against Yue Fei was exposed under the east window.

Metaphor plot exposed, eat the consequences. 2 1, on the way to Wangmei to quench thirst, Cao Cao lost his way because of water, and his soldiers were very thirsty, so he ordered: "There is a piece of Merlin in front, which is rich in fruit, sour and sweet, and can quench thirst."

Hearing this, the soldiers all shed saliva in their mouths. (Cao Cao) Take this opportunity to lead the troops to the place where there is water ahead. Later, I used fantasy to comfort myself or others.

22. Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is intended to be explained by Pei Gong: Xiang Zhuang's sword dance is eating in an attempt to assassinate Liu Bang. Metaphor refers to the real intention of speaking and doing things.

23. Si Mazhao's heart is well known, which means that his ambition is very obvious and well known. When Si Mazhao was in the Three Kingdoms, Chen Wei monopolized the power, and his henchmen stabbed Cao Mao in Di Wei.

His son Sima Yan later usurped the independence of Wei. 24. After the Five Dynasties, Zhao Kuangyin defected in Chen Qiao, and the generals dressed him in yellow robes and made him emperor.

It also means to ascend to the throne. 25. I am happy when I am happy, and I don't miss Shu.

Metaphor is to have fun in the new environment and no longer want to return to the original environment. China's classic biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Pei Songzhi quoted Hanshu Jin Chunqiu: "Ask Zen:' Do you miss Shu?' Zen said:' I am happy here, but I don't think about Shu.

"The original intention is that the late Shu Lord is willing to return to China for Lu. It is said that Zhao Gao tried to usurp the throne. In order to test which ministers in the imperial court obeyed his wishes, he specially gave Qin Ershi a deer and said it was a horse.

Qin Ershi didn't believe it, so Zhao Gao made excuses to ministers. The minister who dared not oppose Zhao Gaoyi said it was a horse, and the minister who dared to oppose Zhao Gaoyi said it was a deer.

Later, he said that he was a deer minister and was killed by Zhao Gao by various means. Deer's

3. Mainly four-character idioms. According to the ancient history story, wearing poplars and grass is shocking, and the lips are cold and the teeth are cold. Class full of axes, sword carving, sword making, apology. The name disappeared in Sun Shan, and anger was washed to the crown.

Throw a brick to attract jade, the old horse knows the way, and it is a close call.

Burn one's bridges, clear the field, rise up, encircle Wei to save Zhao, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat, retreat.

Chapter III of the Covenant (Liu Bang) A willing son can teach (Sean) the last stop, Loyal Jun to serve the country (Yue Fei) and be trapped in the incident (Qin Gui). In a word, he ran out of money (Cao Gui), was exhausted (Jiang Yan) and walked on, and the last stop was the golden palace (Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty) and devoted himself to the army (Ban Chao). Lei Geng sit up and take notice. Lv Meng is very happy. Liu Chan? When the car stops, it's safe, the white head is long, and the white clouds are close at hand. Banjing Road, who is carrying firewood to put out the fire, is holding an urn to water the garden, bringing flesh back to life and making you feel at home.

4. Find out the meaning of idioms and explain the idioms of historical stories. 10 people smell chickens dancing and say "Book of Jin". Biography of Zu Ti: Pei, both of them are the main booklets of Sizhou. They are both in a good mood and sleep together. At midnight, they heard a rooster crow. They said, "It's not a bad sound because of dancing."

Later generations have the reputation of being interested in serving the country and eating, drinking and dancing in time, and this idiom is often used. Liu Kun Biography of the Book of Jin says in a pillow language: "I am waiting for you at my pillow, and I am determined to rebel."

Ancient weapons. Dan: In the morning.

I'm waiting for my pillow, lying on my arm, waiting for dawn. Describe the eagerness to kill the enemy and never relax for a moment.

I first wrote "The Biography of Liu Jinshu Kun" with a whip: "I will wait for me, and I will rebel. I am often afraid that my ancestors will whip me first. " Whip: Whip a horse.

I whip first, which means others are one step ahead of me. I want to catch up and try to catch up. How hard is it to be rich? "Zuo Zhuan" and "Zhao Gong" for four years: "It is more or less difficult to consolidate its country and open its territory, or it is more or less difficult to lose its country and lose its defense."

See also Kun's exhortation form: "It is more or less difficult to consolidate the country, and more or less worrying about enlightening saints." Xing: Revival and revitalization.

Bang: country. How difficult it is for a country to be rich and strong refers to a disaster-ridden situation, which can often inspire people to make great efforts to turn the corner and make the country rejuvenate and strong.

Liu Kun once advised Emperor Jin Yuan to make great efforts to revitalize the country. "Historical records. "Biography of Shu Tian" is the best language: "When you are summoned, you can talk to me, and the officials of the Han Dynasty court can't beat you."

Out: beyond. Right: In ancient times, right was respected.

No one can beat him, that is to say, no one can surpass him and no one can match him. The idiom "traffic" is simplified from the words in the imperial edict after Matthew, which describes the bustling scene of traffic between horses and chariots.

This idiom comes from The History of Mingde Ma Huanghou in the Later Han Dynasty. When you walk on the Longmen, you will see a stranger asking about your daily life. Cars run like water, Ma Rulong, the head is green, the leader is white, and you are not far away. Ma Shi, the youngest daughter of Ma Yuan, a famous star in the Eastern Han Dynasty, kept the housework in good order since she was a child because of her parents' early death. Her relatives and friends praised her as a capable person.

At the age of thirteen, the horse was elected to the palace. One is to wait on the Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, and his popularity is very good.

After the death of Emperor Guangwu, Zhuang acceded to the throne, that is, Emperor Hanming, and was made a nobleman. As she never gave birth, she adopted one of Jia's sons, named Liu Dan.

In 60 AD, because Empress Dowager Cixi liked her very much, she was made the queen of Ming Di. When Ma became queen, his life was still simple.

She often wears coarse clothes, and her skirt has no tassels. When some concubines appeared before her, they thought she was wearing clothes made of very good materials.

I didn't know it was a very common material until I got closer, and I respected her more from then on. Ma Huanghou knew books and reason, and often read books such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Songs of the South carefully.

On one occasion, Ming Di deliberately showed her the minister's documents and asked her how to deal with them. After reading it, she put forward pertinent opinions on the spot. However, she did not interfere in the state affairs because of this, and never took the initiative to mention the state affairs.

After Ming Di's death, Huang Liu acceded to the throne, that is, Emperor Zhang Han. Ma Huanghou was honored as the Empress Dowager.

Soon, on the advice of some ministers, Emperor Zhang planned to make the younger brother of the Queen Mother a knight. After Matthew, according to the regulations of Emperor Guangwu on the family of empresses, he explicitly opposed this, so this thing was not done.

The following summer, there was a great drought. Some ministers also said that this year's drought was due to the failure to seal spouses last year.

They asked for the enfeoffment of uncle horse. Matthew still didn't agree, so he also issued an imperial edict. The imperial edict said, "Anyone who proposes to make his spouse a knight is trying to flatter me and gain benefits from it.

What does drought have to do with chivalry? Remember the lessons of the previous dynasty, spoiling consorts will bring great disaster. Qin Shihuang refused to let his consorts hold important positions, which was a preventive measure.

In the future, how can we let the horse go the same way again? The imperial edict went on to say, "The uncles of the Ma family are all very rich. As the empress dowager, I still don't worry about food and clothing, dress simply and try to be frugal around the palace.

The purpose of doing this is to show the following, so that my relatives can see themselves and reflect on themselves. However, instead of blaming themselves, they laughed at my frugality.

A few days ago, I passed by the gate of Longyuan Garden in Zhuo, where my mother lived. Seeing people outside come to my uncle's house to pay their respects, the car keeps driving like running water, and the horses keep coming and going, like a Youlong, which is very ostentatious. Their servants are neatly dressed, with green eyes, white collars and sleeves. Look at our car, it's far worse than theirs.

I tried to control myself and didn't blame them. They only know how to have fun and don't worry about the country at all. How can I agree to give them a formal promotion? In the legend of Bo Le Xiang Ma, the fairy who manages horses in the sky is called Bo Le. ※.

In the world, people call a person who is good at distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of horses Bole. The first person is Bole, whose real name is Sun Yang, and he was born in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Because of his excellent research on horses, people forgot his original name and simply called him Bole, which has continued to this day. On one occasion, Bole was entrusted by the King of Chu to buy a good horse that could walk in dry fields every day.

Bole explained to the king of Chu that swift horses are rare and hard to find. He needs to travel around the country. Please rest assured that the king of Chu will try his best to get things done. Bole has traveled to several countries, even Zhao Yan, which is famous for its famous horses, has searched carefully, and it has been difficult to find a good horse.

One day, Bole came back from Qi. On the way, he saw a horse pulling a salt cart and struggling on a steep slope. This horse is tired and it is difficult to take every step.

Bole has been very close to the horse and can't help walking up to him. When the horse saw Bole approaching, it suddenly raised its head, widened its eyes and screamed loudly, as if to tell Bole something.

Bole immediately judged from his voice that this was a rare good horse. Bole said to the driver, "This horse gallops on the battlefield, and no other horse can match it, but it is not as good as an ordinary horse when it is used to pull a cart."

You might as well sell it to me. "The driver thinks Bole is a big fool. He thinks this horse is so ordinary that he doesn't even have the strength to pull the cart. He ate too much and was thin, so he agreed without hesitation.

Bole took a swift horse and went straight to Chu. Bole led the horse to the Chu Palace, patted the horse on the neck and said, "I found a good master for you."

Maxima understood Bole's meaning and raised his front hoof.

5. Four-word idioms in the old saying retreat from three schools. Luoyang's paper is expensive, and all trees and grass are soldiers. Follow the map and come to the front. The toddler is waiting for the rabbit to reach its zenith. The next step is to invite you into the urn, the mountains and rivers are full of answers, the lips are dead and the teeth are cold, and the chickens are dancing. It's chilling to call a deer a horse. The chicken doesn't know, but the dog is stealing. Like a broken bamboo pillow. Mr. Liang Shang, who was carrying firewood to put out the fire, stood up. I don't know if this is a blessing, but it's a slap in the face. Three points, when the Eight Immortals cross the sea, everyone dies. Three orders and five orders were issued. Birds and flowers are singing at the door, and the spring glow is traceless and nameless. It is very sad that a sum of money is saved for a rainy day. I don't think about it. No one is allowed to light a lamp, swallow dates, throw a military pen, and cherish the lingering sound. The blind man is arrogant and touches the elephant. My expert is arrogant and boastful. My father is not allowed to enter the door every day to save Zhao, but he is willing to save the tiger.

6. China Ancient Idioms China Ancient Idioms are numerous and all-encompassing.

There are about 4,000 commonly used idioms in Chinese, of which four-character idioms account for 96%, and the rest are from two characters to 14 characters. According to statistics, there are 177 idioms from The Book of Songs, 173 idioms from The Analects of Confucius, 136 idioms from Mencius, 255 idioms from Three Biographies of Spring and Autumn Annals and 65,438 idioms from Zhuangzi.

The grammatical structure of four-character idioms mainly has the following forms: subject-predicate type: worthy of the name, full of domineering, alarmist, with answers; Verb-object style: being a teacher, inexplicable and afraid of the road; Joint subject-predicate type: upside down, touching the bottom, dancing; Joint verb-object style: know yourself and yourself, save your strength, beware of procrastination and give orders; Joint noun type: carelessness, opposition and illusion; Joint verb type: rapid development; Dynamic complement type: at large, asking questions blindly; Concurrent words: beggar-thy-neighbor is daunting. Idioms have various structures, and the above is just a simple example.

Idioms have vivid, concise and vivid functions in language expression. It has many metaphors, contrasts and ways to emphasize words.

Such as "yang disobeys yin", "external strength is weak", "colorful", "a little knowledge", "eloquent", "suffering from loss" and "chilling" have their own magical functions. Therefore, writers pay great attention to the use of idioms.

Most idioms have a certain origin. For example, "Smith" comes from the Chu policy of the Warring States Policy, "fighting between snipes and mussels" comes from strict policy, "painting a snake to add feet" comes from Qi policy, "carving a boat to seek a sword" comes from Lu Chunqiu's investigation of Jin, and "contradiction" comes from everything that goes wrong.

For example, Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way comes from Historical Records, biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, cross the rubicon from Historical Records, biographies of Xiang Yu, vegetation and soldiers from Jin Shu Fu Jian, killing two birds with one stone from Northern History, and full of honey and belly sword from biographies of Tang Shufu. As for the interception of ancient books, it is more common as a four-character idiom.

For example, "methodical" is taken from Shangshu Pan Geng, Outline in an orderly way, Draw inferences from the Analects of Confucius, Don't take a corner, there will be no more, and Regret for the Past is taken from Zuozhuan's thirteen-year successful study. "Being servile" is taken from Bao Puzi's Newsletter by Ge Hong in Jin Dynasty, "Being unsmiling is the only one of Yue's family, and being servile is the worldly knowledge", and "Full of self-confidence" is taken from Wen Bi Gu Zhu by Su Shi in Song Dynasty. Wait, the list goes on.

There are also many people who make sentences in ancient Chinese. For example, worrying comes from The Book of Songs, being strong on the outside and being dry on the inside comes from Zuo Zhuan's Fifteen Years of Xi Gong, waiting for merit comes from Sun Tzu's The Art of War, getting to the bottom of it comes from Su Shi's Fu on the Back Red Wall, and meeting by chance comes from Wang Bo's Preface to Tengwangge in Tang Dynasty.

Some four-character idioms that people often use can also be classified as idioms. Such as "speaking like a book", "procrastinating", "obeying yin qi", "no three no four" and "calling a spade a spade" have the same structure as idioms.

There are also some idioms that appear by accepting foreign cultures. For example, hype, explosion, incredible and the only way.

Idioms are generally four-character, not too few. Such as "pot calling the kettle black", "Haste makes waste" and "The meaning of drunkenness is not in wine".

Idioms generally use four-character lattice, which is related to the syntactic structure of Chinese itself and monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese. Idioms are ready-made words, similar to idioms and proverbs, but slightly different.

The most important point is that idioms and proverbs are spoken, while idioms are mostly written and belong to literary nature. Secondly, in the form of language, idioms are almost all established four-word structures, and literal words cannot be changed at will, while idioms and proverbs are always loose, more or less limited to four words.

For example, "cut the gordian knot quickly", "do your best", "the donkey's lips are not right for the horse's mouth" and "fear the wolf before and fear the tiger after" are all commonly used idioms; "Seeing is believing in all things", "True gold is not afraid of fire", "Where there is a will, there is a way" and "Seeing people for a long time" are all empirical remarks, which represent a complete meaning and belong to the category of proverbs. Idioms are different from idioms and proverbs.