1900, how could there be so many "traitors" transporting shells to foreigners and attacking the Forbidden City?

1900, with the acquiescence of the Qing court, the Boxer Rebellion strengthened its strength in the Gyeonggi area. Help clean up the ocean? The Boxer under the slogan burned churches, pulled off power lines, destroyed railways and even broke into the Tianjin Concession.

Soon, the Boxer Rebellion became out of control, posing a serious threat to the personal safety of the personnel of western powers in Beijing. On June 27th, 65438, Britain, France, the United States, Germany, Italy and other countries jointly sent a note to the Qing government, demanding that the Boxer Rebellion be banned.

As the actual power in the late Qing Dynasty, Cixi's acquiescence and connivance attitude towards the radical xenophobic movement of the Boxer Rebellion largely stems from the fact that Cixi mistakenly thought that foreigners would be ruled by Emperor Guangxu, which overhead her actual power. So, after the fierce armed conflict between the Boxer Rebellion and the Western powers, the desperate Cixi simply sent a letter to declare war on the eleven countries.

the Queen

In June of that year, Eight-Nation Alliance landed in Dagukou, Tianjin, and took the Tianjin sword finger all the way to Beijing. Empress dowager cixi fled to an with emperor Guangxu and other powerful people in the DPRK, which is known as Shi? Empress Nishimiya? .

It took less than two months for Eight-Nation Alliance's 20,000 people to sweep from Taniguchi to the imperial city of Beijing.

Regardless of the objective and realistic factors such as lax military discipline, backward weapons and outdated tactics of the Qing army, was Eight-Nation Alliance just one vote when it invaded China? Dominant party? The wonderful performance is enough to make the impregnable Beijing city collapse.

Wax statue of the Eight-Power Alliance

According to the founder of The Times in the late Qing Dynasty, Wang said in his notes:

The allied forces are approaching, and the generals stationed in Tongzhou are afraid and have no plans to escape. Anhui people have children, and the general is grateful. They were willing to take up the post of Sri Lanka and were overjoyed, so they abandoned the army. When Fang led the army, there was no rape or plunder of any kind, and the residents hated it. Foreign soldiers will come to complain, but they will be surrounded and annihilated, and no one can escape. ?

That is, when the Qing army stationed in Tongzhou heard that Eight-Nation Alliance was about to call, the general of the Qing army led troops to plunder the local people and left with him. After Eight-Nation Alliance was summoned, the plundered people regarded foreigners as saviors, complained to Eight-Nation Alliance in succession, and personally led the way to break the camp of the Qing army.

Eight-Nation Alliance Huoshao Yuanmingyuan

If the Qing army robbed one of its own, it is a true portrayal of the official forcing people to revolt, then in another diary of Wang, he once said:

Or tell Yu Gengzi that the allied forces have entered, and there are criminals hiding in the mountains (mountains), most of whom live in temples, followed by Lingguang (temples). If the Boxers have no food to eat, they will take Han, a rich man in a nearby village, as a bonus. Han, please reduce it, forbid it, and kill it. Han's wife plans to control all the companies, do you know? Or it is better to control foreigners in the city, so if the enemy comes to the temple, the bandits will still be high above and unknown. When I heard a row of shots, I started and rushed out of the palace. I was killed. ?

The remnants of the Boxer Rebels hid in the Cuiwei Mountain and Yan Guang Temple in Beijing. Due to lack of food and clothing, the Boxer Rebellion extorted a huge sum of money from a Han family. Fu Han asked to reduce the amount of extortion, and the Boxer killed Fu Han without saying anything. The wife of the deceased clearly complained to the local government, and the Boxer Rebellion would not be punished. So the wife of the deceased went straight to Beijing to complain to foreigners, and the foreign gun team immediately rushed to the place occupied by the Boxer Rebels and killed all the remaining gangsters.

The Qing pushed a car to transport shells to Eight-Nation Alliance.

From the analysis of the two bridges recorded by Wang, people chose to trust foreigners who invaded China on a large scale instead of the Qing government, largely because the corruption in the Qing court was rooted. In desperation, the people had to take risks and take refuge in the aggressor Eight-Nation Alliance.

What if the above two people did it for the aggressor Eight-Nation Alliance? Traitor? Because the Qing court was too decadent to choose, Bao Fuli, the intelligence officer of the intelligence department of the allied forces invading China, recorded many anecdotes that China people spared no effort to help foreigners beat their compatriots and polish their eyes.

The Qing people who sent ammunition to Eight-Nation Alliance.

In the "Beijing-Tianjin Army", Fu Bao's "Book of Rites" contains:

When the concession was in danger and despair, the shells were fired with smokeless gunpowder, so there was no artillery position. Two men, an old man from China and his son, volunteered to go to the city to scout the position of the cannon, and then came back to report. The other two men, crossing the Boxer defense line, went to Dagu to report our urgent request to the naval commander.

One was caught and thrown into the Haihe River, and the other never came back. Fifty people from China were transporting shells for British 12 pound naval guns. It is more advantageous for them to drag the shells from one artillery position to another. Twice, under the heavy artillery bombardment of the enemy, shells flew over their heads, and bullets hissed around them, while they bravely continued to work and calmly obeyed orders like some people who were not afraid of death. ......

Help Eight-Nation Alliance attack the people in the Forbidden City.

Why should the people help Eight-Nation Alliance, as an aggressor, and fight against their own people? Bao Fuli, an Englishman, gave no answer in his diary. But when Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China, many Qing people were willing to act as foreign powers? Depth charge? .

The corrupt Qing court not only forced them to rely on the invaders to stabilize their vested interests, but more seriously, when foreign enemies attacked, they also attacked the Forbidden City in partnership with foreigners. Standing on the edge of the moat in Beijing as a crowd watching the war; Smile at the intruder and take photos; Even pushing a wheelbarrow to help the powers transport shells, and so on, a group of absurd phenomena can be described as everywhere.

Obviously, our motherland was invaded by foreign enemies, but in the end it ended up happier than the invaders. The abnormal behavior of the Qing people puzzled the powers. When a great power asked why comprador China people hated the Qing court so much?

Dominant party? Give the G8 an escalator.

From a man of insight? The country does not know the people, and the people do not know the country? Of course, this is a historical bridge that is widely circulated. However, the hammer that really said this came from Liang Qichao, a master of Chinese studies.

Liang Qichao said in the article "On the general trend of modern national competition and the future of China":

Today, I am in China, and the furniture is also; International (that is, negotiation events) cloud, private affairs; If the country is in trouble, the furniture will be in trouble; Those who are humiliated by the country are also humiliated by the family. People don't know that there is a country, and the country doesn't know that there are people. Only in this way can we meet the world that this country has competed before, or we can survive. How can they live up to the fierce competition in the country now! ?

People in the Qing Dynasty took photos with Russian officers, paying attention to their expressions and smiling.

In the view of Liang Qichao, a great scholar who stood at the forefront of the times and organized reform and reform, what did the Great Qing Dynasty become? The wall fell and everyone pushed, and ten thousand people broke the drum? The embarrassing situation of being spurned by thousands of people lies in the arbitrariness of the Qing Dynasty. Home world? All the state affairs in the past, the people are excluded from the qualification of * * * business country.

As far as Liang Qichao's point of view is concerned, his views really hit the nail on the head. Since 1644, the emperor shunzhi issued a decree to separate Manchu from China people in order to ensure their national independence and not be sinicized. He said in the letter:

I have repeatedly thought that although it will take a long time to move, it is always convenient for Manchu and Han to live in peace and not interfere with each other. Except for the Eight Banners, all Han Chinese officials and businessmen should move to Cheng Nan to live.

Eight-Nation Alliance crossed the moat, and the people eating melons were watching the play.

An imperial edict of Shunzhi soon displaced the Han people who originally lived in the inner city of Beijing, and drove the vast number of Han people to the outer city or even beyond, which was implemented by the imperial capital Beijing? Sample project? Later, the emperor shunzhi took the opportunity to order it to be set up all over the country? All over town? , implement the Manchu-Chinese segregation policy.

The Qing court not only adopted the attitude that Manchu and Han were strictly guarded against death, but also strictly implemented the principle that Manchu and Han were not married in marriage. Even the family members of the flag bearer receive fixed grain, rice and silver from the court every month. For more than 200 years, the children of the Eight Banners have enjoyed political and economic privileges? The rentier class. In the end, under the impact of the flood of sinicization, Manchu could not resist the strong assimilation of civilization, and was finally trapped in the long river of sinicization.

Therefore, Manchu is not so much actively involved in the ranks of advanced Han civilization as the sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, but rather assimilated the aggressive Han civilization without resistance.

Group photo of Eight-Nation Alliance officers

But in any case, the sinicization of the Manchu Dynasty was a historical choice after all, not the active naturalization of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty.

It is precisely because of the policy of ethnic segregation, the atmosphere of cultural imprisonment and the serious policy of obscurantism that the Qing people spent more than 200 years. Family, state affairs, everything in the world? Gradually become? It's none of your business. Hang high? My mind is numb.

As a result, when Lu Xun went to Japan to study, he found that Japanese students, as international students sent by the Qing court, did not show sympathy for their compatriots, but applauded.

The tower destroyed by Eight-Nation Alliance in the war.

China people's minds are so numb that how can we cure a country's diseases by curing people's diseases? It is in this situation that Mr. Lu Xun resolutely abandoned medicine and followed literature, thus opening the road of a generation of imperial clan and enlightening Chinese people's thoughts.

So, to sum up, the demise of the Qing Dynasty is only from the perspective of the people, and the people of the Qing Dynasty have long abandoned this point? Compatible performance? Defective dynasties, aiming at the yearning for freedom and the pursuit of happiness, galloped away at full speed. When a foreigner's gun rang, it was * * * and a new era that ended the death knell of the Qing Dynasty.

References:

"The Beijing-Tianjin Army", "On the General Trend of Modern National Competition and the Future of China", "Draft of the History of Qing Dynasty" and so on.