How to evaluate Emperor Taizong, Wu Zetian, Zhao Kuangyin, Yang Di and Wendi,

The characteristics of Emperor Taizong are: First, a strong sense of responsibility and crisis for the country and the nation. Second, the aboveboard ruling style. Third, be broad-minded, love as life, and be tolerant of people. Fourth, a high degree of self-control, a deep understanding of human weaknesses, and a high degree of vigilance against "good words." Achievements: First, an unprecedented social order; second, an open national border. Third, the only dynasty without corruption. Fourth, the preliminary attempt of decentralization system. Five, highly developed business

When Wu Zetian 14 years old, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin called him into the palace as a talent. After the death of Emperor Taizong, he entered Ganye Temple for Nepal. Tang Gaozong acceded to the throne, was called into the palace, named Zhao Yi, went to Chen Fei, and slandered each other with the queen and Xiao Shufei for favor. In the sixth year of Yonghui (655), Wu was made queen. Wu Zetian is always resourceful and dabbles in literature and history. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), he was also called "Emperor" with Gaozong. In the first year of Hongdao, "Tianhou" (683), Emperor Gaozong died, Emperor Zhongzong Li Xian ascended the throne, and the celestial dynasty was destroyed. In the year of Heishengyuan (684), Zhongzong was abolished as the king of Luling, and Li Dan, the son of Zongrui, was appointed as the imperial court. In the first year of the first year, it was abolished, claiming to be the emperor of the holy spirit, changing its name to Zhou and making Luoyang the capital of the gods. During the dynasty, old ministers were exiled and judges were appointed. In the early Tang Dynasty, Sun Chang Wuji, Chu Suiliang, Yu Zhining and Pei Yan were demoted and most of them were killed. Hold court examinations and establish a system of martial arts, self-help and trial officials. Economically, the idea of thin tax collection, peace of mind and labor-saving service has been adopted. Therefore, in its half century in power, the social and economic achievements were brilliant and the national prestige increased greatly. In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Zhang Jianzhi, Huan, Cui Xuan, Jing Hui and others joined forces with Li Duozuo, the general of Right Feather Forest, to launch a coup, forcing Wu Zetian to abdicate and welcome the restoration of Zhongzong. He died in November of the same year, and the Great Sage was the Emperor of Heaven.

Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu

In 948 AD, Zhao Kuangyin voted for Guo Wei, the Tang envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and made meritorious military service. In 95 1 year, Guo Wei proclaimed himself the emperor and became Qiu. After Guo Wei's death, Zhou Shizong acceded to the throne and was promoted to the position of secretary before the temple. Sejong died and Emperor Gong ascended the throne. Zhao Kuangyin launched the "Chen Qiao mutiny", proclaimed himself emperor in 960, established the Song Dynasty, and made Kaifeng its capital.

After Zhao Kuangyin proclaimed himself emperor, he pacified Jingnan and Hunan in 963, destroyed Houshu in 965, destroyed Nanhan in 97 1, destroyed Nantang in 975, and captured Li Yu, the queen of Nantang. Except for the Northern Han Dynasty, the ten countries are basically unified.

After reunification, he forced his generals to surrender their military power and establish centralization by "relieving the military power with a glass of wine".

Zhao Kuangyin reigned in 17 years, and died in 976 at the age of 50, with the temple name Taizu. His death was quite coincidental. There is a legend of "the sound of candles and axes" in history. It is said that his brother Zhao Kuangyi endangered and usurped the throne. It's too mysterious to tell.

zhao kuang yin

Song Taizu (927 ~ 976) was a famous military commander and strategist. Originally from Zhuozhou (now Hebei). In the early Han Dynasty, he joined the army and turned to Guo Wei, the envoy of the Tang Dynasty. Guo Wei proclaimed himself the Emperor of the Zhou Dynasty, and was the head of the imperial East and West classes. In the first year of Xiande (954), in the battle of Gaoping, Ma Jun commanded Fan Ai to retreat because of fear of war. When Chai Rong, the emperor of the Zhou Dynasty, personally broke the battle, he commanded Zhang Yongde to ride the 2000 with the front of the temple at various rates, took the initiative to attack, turned defeat into victory, and was promoted to the front of the temple with meritorious service. Two years later, after the attack of the Zhou Dynasty, (now northwest of Tianshui City, Gansu Province) and (now northeast of Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province) were attacked for a long time. He was ordered to inspect the terrain, analyze the war situation, and said that Qin and Feng were desirable. Sejong followed suit and defeated the Shu soldiers. In recent three years, the Later Zhou Dynasty attacked Nantang, led the vanguard troops to attack Qingliuguan (now northwest of Chuzhou, Anhui Province), broke the retreat of Nantang Army, defeated Nantang Army several times, captured two generals, Huangfuhui and Yao Feng, and captured Chuzhou. Soon, the left-wing army occupied Yangzhou, and the southern Tang army crossed the river to fight back. Zhao Kuangyin led nearly 2,000 troops to defend Liuhe (present-day Jiangsu) with Zhang Yongde, and then beat back more than 20,000 troops from Nantang, captured more than 5,000 people and took command before they ascended to the temple. Later, they were appointed as our national army. In six years, he attacked Liao with Chai Rongbei and moved to the front of the temple to take charge of the imperial army in front of the temple. In October, Chai Rong died of illness, and his son Zongxun succeeded to the throne at the age of seven, and was granted our time to the German army instead. At the beginning of the first month of the seventh year, he was ordered to lead an army to launch a mutiny in Chen Qiaoyi (now Chenqiao Town, northeast of Kaifeng, Henan Province), seize political power and establish the Song Dynasty. In order to consolidate the rule, gradually cut off the imperial army and regain the military power, the Privy Council was set up to take charge of the army and the right to leave the army. The three lawsuits (the former department, the Guards' Ma Jun Division and the Guards' Bu Jun Division) sent troops in a unified way and restricted each other; The elite soldiers from all over the country will be transferred to the capital and incorporated into the imperial army to strengthen the weak branches and weaken the forces of the buffer regions; The imperial army was issued more defensive laws, stationed in different places and rotated regularly, so that its soldiers could not be specialized, thus establishing a system of centralization and strengthening autocracy. Carry out the policy of selecting good soldiers, strengthen training, innovate weapons, be strict in discipline, and continuously improve the combat capability of the troops. At the same time, he began to devote himself to the war of unification. With the overall plan of first south and then north, first weak and then strong, and divided into one, we sent effective generals to guard the border, defend Liao and Northern Han, and send the main force south. From September of Song San year (962) to May of Kaibao year (975), it defeated the regimes of Jingnan, Hunan, Houshu, Nanhan and Nantang successively, basically ending the separatist regime that lasted for more than 200 years since the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty. Kaibao died nine years ago at the age of 50. During the reign of 16, great achievements were made in establishing military centralization and reforming the military system. To guide the war, we should pay attention to understanding the enemy's situation, dividing and disintegrating, and winning by wisdom.

We should treat the merits and demerits of Yang Di (569 ~ 6 18) correctly and objectively.

After Yang Di ascended the throne, he ordered the construction of the Grand Canal, which promoted economic exchanges between the North and the South. The revision of the law is mainly aimed at the harsh laws in the last years of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. The establishment of Jinshi branch promoted the formation of imperial examination system; Set up schools, visit and protect scattered books; A number of envoys were sent to make peace with the western regions, which strengthened the ties between the mainland and the border. However, Yang Di was also a famous tyrant in the history of China. He relies on national strength, is arrogant and extravagant, and is eager to achieve success. Heavy corvee and military service are levied every year, which makes farmers leave their homes, causing a large number of fields to be barren and seriously damaging social production. He cruises out to sea every year, three times to Jiangdu and three times to Zhuo Jun. Every time I go out, I build palaces, and hundreds of thousands of people walk, which seriously disturbs the normal life of local people. He sent troops to attack Korea three times, and finally provoked a nationwide peasant uprising.

Sui Wendi

And diligent people, hands-on, do not trust the minister, the world is wild, refused to open the warehouse to release grain, and their descendants were inhuman, which made the Sui Dynasty a flash in the pan. But he also created a famous prosperous time in the history of China, unified China, which had been divided for hundreds of years, and was regarded as the emperor.