Why did Mount Tai become the first choice for the emperor's burial?

Closing Zen is a ritual activity held by the ancient emperors of China in Mount Tai to worship the gods of heaven and earth. "Feng" means to build an altar on Mount Tai and sacrifice to God on the altar to repay God's contribution. "Zen" means sweeping a piece of pure land on the hills of Fu Liang, Sheshou and Yunyun in front of Mount Tai, and offering sacrifices to the land gods on the pure land to repay the contributions of thick soil. "The Five Classics Yi Tong" said, "If you change your surname to be king, you will be bound to seal Mount Tai, the father of Zen and Liang, and your destiny will make a group of people live a peaceful life and report the merits of the gods." The emperor's climb to Mount Tai is regarded as a symbol of the country's prosperity, and my identity as the "real dragon emperor" can also be confirmed by "heaven and earth". Therefore, closed-door Zen, as a unique cultural phenomenon in Mount Tai, is essentially a political means for feudal emperors to emphasize the divine right of monarchy in feudal society. The worship of Mount Tai originated from the worship of natural mountains and rivers by Dongyi people in primitive society, and it is a primitive ritual to worship heaven. Sima Qian quoted Historical Records Guan Zi Feng Chan and said, "The ancients sealed Mount Tai and had 72 Zen ancestors." Wang Chong, a philosopher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, recorded in Lun Heng Xu Shu: "There are seventy people in Wang Taiping, Kaifeng Mount Tai and Mount Tai." According to Sima Qian's textual research, there were twelve ancient emperors who worshipped Mount Tai successively, namely, Fu, Shen Nong, Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang,. In 2003, when archaeologists inspected the Tingyun Mountain site located at the southern foot of Mount Tai and north of Majiadada wucun in Dawenkou Town, they initially determined that Tingyun Mountain recorded in Historical Records: "The Yellow Emperor sealed Mount Tai and meditated." Tingting Mountain. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the worship of Mount Tai has become a national ceremony that Qilu alchemists must hold for wise emperors. They think there are five most important mountains in the world, called the Five Mountains. Among them, Mount Tai is the highest, ranking first among the five mountains. Mount Tai is the highest and naturally closest to the sky. The new ruler must come to Mount Tai to hold a meditation ceremony in order to be recognized by the Emperor of Heaven and become the new monarch in the world. In order to find a basis for themselves, they also forged a set of legends about the three emperors and five emperors and Yao Shunyu's meditation in ancient times. It should be said that this theory of Qilu alchemists and Confucian scholars has penetrated into the hearts of Qilu countries in the north and south of Mount Tai, forming a * * * knowledge. According to Guanzi, after Qi Huangong's "Nine Kings Conquered the World", he started the great cause of being the first tyrant in the Spring and Autumn Period and made up his mind to worship Mount Tai. The result was stopped by the famous Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong believes that when the emperor closed his retreat to Zen, flounder appeared in the East China Sea and birds appeared in the West Sea, and auspicious things could be seen everywhere. Now that the phoenix has not arrived, the unicorn has not arrived, and the auspicious sign has not appeared, it is not the best time to worship Zen. Qi Huangong had to listen to Guan Zhong's advice and gave up meditation. It is said that Confucius also admitted that "there are more than 70 kings who worship the father of Liang in Mount Tai", but he thought that no monarch had such qualifications since the Western Zhou Dynasty. After Lu came to power, his ambition expanded and he went to Mount Tai to worship heaven like an ancient emperor. The result was greatly ridiculed by Confucius. Since the Qin dynasty, feudal emperors of all dynasties have been very keen on sealing Mount Tai and attached great importance to it. Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu, Zhang Han, Emperor Han, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty, Tang Gaozong, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Song Zhenzong, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong, etc. I have successively collected Zen and worshipped Mount Tai. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the activities of offering sacrifices to Mount Tai were gradually ignored, and the feudal emperors changed sacrifices to sacrifices. Emperor Qianlong was an "activist" who offered sacrifices to Mount Tai. He made 1 1 pilgrimage to Mount Tai and climbed Daiding six times. Emperors of past dynasties established their supreme position by closing shrines and worshipping Mount Tai, and consolidated feudal rule, and Mount Tai was gradually promoted to an extremely sacred height. In the activities of worshipping Mount Tai by emperors in past dynasties, the most famous is the worship of Qin Shihuang and Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty. Qin Shihuang was the first feudal emperor to worship Zen in Mount Tai. According to Historical Records, in 2 19 BC, Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, who had just been emperor for three years, couldn't wait to start the activities of sealing Mount Tai in Dongyue. He first went to Yishan (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province) to set up a monument to praise the work, and then came to the foot of Mount Tai to gather more than 70 people from Qilu Confucian scholars to discuss the specific ceremony of the meditation ceremony. Therefore, Confucian scholars and doctors have different opinions and discussed for a long time, but there is no result. In a rage, the headstrong Qin Shihuang simply dismissed those pedantic Confucian scholars and personally took the minister of civil and military affairs to Mount Tai to worship Zen according to his own envisaged ceremony. He first opened up a mountain road, climbed to the top of the mountain from the sun of Mount Tai, and carved stones to describe his brilliant achievements. "Closing Zen" was completed in the form of Qin's offering sacrifices to the Emperor of Heaven in Yongnian. At this moment, this stone is the earliest stone carving in China. It is a national first-class cultural relic in front of the terrace of Dongwang Hall in Daimiao. Originally divided into two parts, the first half was carved by Qin Shihuang, *** 144 words; The second half was carved by Qin Ershi Hu Hai in 209 BC, with 78 words in all, all written by Li Si. Qin Ershi's imperial edict is only 10, also known as "Taishan Cross". ); Then down the mountain, "Zen in Fu Liang", completed the "Zen ceremony". For fear of jokes from Qilu Confucian scholars, he kept the ritual and eulogy of Mount Tai secret. In addition to Qin Shihuang's meditation, several famous meditation activities in history mainly include: in March of the first year of Emperor Wu's meditation (1 10 BC), Emperor Wu led his ministers to visit Mount Tai in the east and sent people to set up a stone at Daiding. After that, I went to patrol the sea in the east. In April, I returned to Mount Tai and made my own amenorrhea ceremony: to the "landlord" god in Fu Liangshan Auditorium; Later, a memorial ceremony was held, and an altar was built in the east of the foot of the mountain, nine feet high, with jade books buried under it; After the ceremony, Liang Wudi and Hou Dengtai, the servant in the car, stood alone and performed the ceremony. The next day, under the cover of Daiyin, according to the etiquette of offering sacrifices to heaven, the Zen Mountain at the northern foot of Shandong was awe-inspiring. After the closure of Zen, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty accepted the greetings from ministers, changed the country name to Yuanfeng, and cut Mount Tai Qianwan and Bo 'er County to worship Mount Tai and seal Gaojun County. In the winter of the fourth year of Yuanfeng (BC 107), Emperor Wu made a southern tour. The following year (in the fifth year of Yuanfeng, BC 106), he returned to Mount Tai in the spring and closed the temple in April. In the first month of Tai 33 (BC 102), Liang Wudi made an east tour of the sea. In April, I also went to Mount Tai for the third meditation. In March of the third year of Tianhan (98 BC), Emperor Wu went to Mount Tai for the fourth meditation. In March of the fourth year of Taishi (93 BC), Emperor Wu ascended Mount Tai and held his fifth meditation. In March of the fourth year of Zheng He (89 BC), Liang Wudi returned to Mount Tai from the giant tripod and held the sixth meditation. In the thirty-second year of Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty (AD 56), on February 12th, Emperor Guangwu led his ministers to Gao Feng, sent 1500 servants to repair mountain roads, and rode more than 3,000 people to lay the foundation stone in Dengfengtai. /kloc-fasting began on 0/5, and firewood was burned in the south of Taishan mountain on 22. After the ceremony, climb the mountain by chariot, take a rest at Daiding, and then change clothes and seal gifts. On the 25th, he meditated in Fu Liangshan and changed his name to Jianwu Zhongyuan. In October (665), the second year of Tang Gaozong's closing ceremony for Zen, Emperor Gaozong led officials of civil and military affairs and their retinue to pay homage, and Wuhou led maids at home and abroad. Accompanied by envoys and chiefs from Turkey, Khotan, Persia, Tianzhu, Japan, Silla, Baekje, and North Korea, the Zen coach traveled hundreds of miles. In December, they gathered at the foot of Mount Tai and sent people to build a dome-shaped sacrificial altar in the south of the mountain, decorated with five-colored soil and named it "Fengsi altar"; Build an altar at the top of the mountain, five feet wide and nine feet high, and name it "Dengfeng altar" on all sides; Build an octagonal square altar on Sheshou Mountain, named "Xiachan altar". In February of the following year, Emperor Gaozong first "sealed an altar" at the foot of the mountain to worship heaven; The next day, I went to the top of Daiding and sealed the jade policy in the "Dengfeng altar"; On the third day, he went to Sheshou Mountain to worship the God of the earth. After Gao Zongxing's first sacrifice, he ascended to the altar and offered it afterwards. After the closing ceremony, he was welcomed by ministers at the pilgrimage altar and erected three monuments, namely Dengfeng, Zen meditation and pilgrimage. The name of the altar is "Wuhetai", the name of Dengfeng is "Long Live Taiwan", and the name of the altar is "King Yuntai", which was renamed Ganfeng County. In October of the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty led hundreds of officials, nobles and foreign envoys to Mount Tai for Eastern Zen. The ceremony of sealing Zen follows the four systems of dry sealing. After the Zen seal, Mount Tai was named "King of Heaven and Qi", and the ceremony rank was increased to third class. Xuanzong personally wrote the book "The Song of Mount Tai", which was held in Daguanfeng, Daiding, and made Zhong Zhang, Minister of Chinese Literature, write Ode to the Altar, Yao Gan, Assistant Minister, and Su Xiang, Minister of Rites, write Ode to the Altar of Hajj, all of which were held in Jide. As can be seen from the above, the closed-door Zen activity is a political means for feudal emperors to consolidate their imperial power, unify their thinking and whitewash peace, and the closed-door Zen culture, which lasted for thousands of years, is also the most distinctive part of China's political culture, and it is worth our further study and reference:

/% d 1% EE % B2 % A9 % CA % D3 % D2 % B0/blog/item/d 682 dc5 cc 18 FCE 43 faf2c 005 . html