Does anyone know how to improve the immunity of patients with hepatitis B virus? Can you give me some advice? Thank you very much

The immune system can prevent bacteria and viruses from entering the human body and help patients recover. It is closely related to the endocrine system and nervous system. People's lifestyle and emotions directly affect the performance of immune function. Dr. Lee Burke from the University of California School of Medicine wrote on the "Embodiment" website: "Years of research have shown that as long as you pay attention to some simple details of life, you can live a healthy and happy life." The following are 10 ways to scientifically improve immunity: 1. Spend more time with friends. When you are with friends, your immune system will be in good condition because you feel friendship and social recognition. To prove this point, researchers at the Paris Center for Physical and Mental Health exposed participants to a cold virus and then monitored their social interactions. It was found that people who spend more time with friends, family, and colleagues are less likely to catch a cold. At the same time, physical contact such as hugging and touching can also make the body's immune cells more active. 2. Listen to music you like Listening to music can also activate the body's immune system, but it must be music you really like. "The same piece of music may sound like ecstasy to some people, but it may sound like noise to others." Dr. Burke said, "The key is to choose music that can soothe your soul." Good music is like food and sex. , can stimulate the pleasant part of the brain, thereby improving immunity. 3. Reduce noise. Noise not only damages people's hearing, but can also cause muscle tension, accelerated heartbeat, vasoconstriction and digestive system discomfort---the same reaction the body has when being frightened or stressed. If people are exposed to noise for a long time, it will lead to adverse changes in blood pressure, cholesterol levels and immune function. A Cornell University study found that women who work in noisy environments release more adrenaline and are more likely to suffer from heart disease than women who work in quiet offices. Sounds that make people feel uncontrollable, such as car horns and dog barking, are more harmful to the human body. Therefore, people should try to control the sound in their surroundings, even if it means wearing headphones or asking restaurant owners or gym managers to turn down the volume of their speakers. 4. Maintain a positive attitude. The immune system is prompted by thoughts and feelings, so we should maintain a positive attitude. Researchers from the Meiyou Clinic in the United States found that people who were optimistic when they were young lived 12 years longer than those who were pessimistic. A recent study by psychologist Anna L. Marsland of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center also found that people who are negative, depressed, and prone to stress are much less resistant to the hepatitis virus than their optimistic peers. 5. Eat a reasonable diet. Any kind of nutritional deficiencies will lead to regular and long-term diseases. When a person feels hungry, the body will secrete adrenaline; if the weight is reduced by more than 850g per week, T cells that resist diseases and foreign viruses will be suppressed. In this regard, experts suggest that when matching meals, you should eat some foods containing unsaturated fatty acids, consume enough protein, eat more fruits and vegetables, and drink more juice and boiled water. However, the effects of health care products claimed to improve immunity are not obvious. 6. Laugh loudly. Anger and sadness can harm your health, while laughter has the opposite effect. Laughter can make immune cells more active. To prove this claim, Burke showed students a hilarious video and measured their immune system responses. It turns out that hearing even a humorous joke can boost immunity. Additionally, laughter improves circulation and digestion, lowers blood pressure, and relieves muscle tension. 7. Use your brain more. Active thinking activities can improve immunity. Marianne Diamond, a neuroscientist at the University of California, found in her research that playing bridge stimulates the activity of immune cells. Her research is the first to reveal a close connection between parts of the brain responsible for planning, memory, judgment, abstract thinking and the immune system. Diamond said: "Any thinking activity that uses the intellectual function of the brain will be beneficial to immunity." 8. Multiple activities Regular, long-term moderate exercise can enhance the body's resistance. Burke said: "Physical exercise is not only good for cardiovascular health, but it is also good for improving mood and reducing stress.

"However, the intensity of the activity must be appropriate. If you feel strenuous and exceed your normal endurance, you must adjust in time. 9. Learning to relax stress will cause the body to secrete steroid hormones and adrenaline. These hormones will slow down the response of the immune system. . This explains why people are particularly susceptible to colds when they are under stress, such as facing final exams or emotional crises. In addition, the anxiety caused by stress can also reduce the body's resistance by practicing some relaxation techniques. Such as aerobic exercise and gradual relaxation of muscles throughout the body, which can inhibit the release of stress hormones and enhance immune function. 10. Turn off the lights in the dark and the human body will produce melatonin to resist diseases. If you don't get enough sleep or stay under the light for a long time at night. , will reduce the release of melatonin and increase the secretion of estrogen, which makes it easy to develop breast cancer. Several recent studies have shown that the rate of breast cancer among women who work night shifts is as high as 60%. They like to adjust the bedroom lights. Women who are very bright have a higher risk of breast cancer. Blind women have a 20-50% lower risk of breast cancer than normal people. Even weak light sources like bedside alarm clocks and night lights can inhibit the release of melatonin. Therefore, the darker the bedroom, the better. 1. Proper nutrition and dietary arrangements 1. Adequate protein One of the main functions of the liver is to synthesize and secrete plasma albumin. Normal people synthesize about 10 to 16g of plasma albumin every day and secrete it into the blood circulation. Liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, ethanol and drug poisoning, etc., cause abnormalities in the process of protein synthesis and secretion by liver cells, reducing plasma albumin levels, which in turn affects the function of various tissues and organs of the human body. Repair and function. The half-life of normal human albumin is 20 to 60 days. Experiments have shown that even if albumin production is completely stopped, the plasma albumin concentration will only decrease by 25% after 8 days. Therefore, in acute liver injury (including acute virus). However, in chronic liver injury (including chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis), only 3.5 to 5.9 g of plasma albumin can be synthesized per day. Therefore, abundant exogenous albumin must be provided. In order to compensate for liver tissue repair and function and improve the need for albumin, it is generally believed that protein should be provided at least 1.5 to 2g/kg per day, but protein in food can be decomposed by intestinal bacteria to produce ammonia and protein. Other harmful substances can induce and aggravate hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy should strictly limit their protein intake. After the patient wakes up, he should be given 0.5g/kg of protein every day. If tolerated well, it can be increased to 1.0g/kg per day, 40-50g per day is the best animal protein, because dairy products produce the least ammonia, followed by eggs, and more meat. Currently, plant protein is used to replace animal protein, so daily intake is recommended. The amount can be increased to 40-80g. Advantages of plant protein: (1) It contains less aromatic amino acids and sulfur-containing amino acids; (2) It is rich in fiber, which can adjust the nitrogen metabolism of intestinal flora and promote intestinal peristalsis; (3) Certain amino acids in plant proteins have the potential to reduce ammonia production. Vegetable protein mainly comes from soybeans. The protein content of several common foods is listed in the table below for reference. Attached table. Protein content in commonly used foods () Food rice flour millet corn soybean pork beef mutton chicken fish egg milk skim milk powder content 8.5 11.0 9.7 8.6 39.2 13.8～18.5 15.8～21.7 14.3～18.7 21.5 18.1 13.4 3.0 35.0 2. Moderate Carbohydrates (sugar) The main function of sugar is to supply energy required for life activities. As we all know, 1g of sugar can produce 4.1 kcal of heat energy when completely oxidized and decomposed in the body. 50-70% of the heat energy required by the human body is provided by the oxidative decomposition of sugar. Patients with acute hepatitis who have obvious gastrointestinal symptoms and eat very little can be given some high-sugar foods, or even 10% glucose solution can be injected intravenously to ensure the heat energy the patient needs in daily life. At the same time, the liver can convert glucose absorbed from the digestive tract into glycogen. Abundant liver glycogen can promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells and enhance resistance to infections and toxins.

But it’s not easy to consume too much sugar. After ingesting sugars to meet glycogen synthesis and other needs, excess sugars will be synthesized into fat in the liver and stored in the liver. If too much is stored, it may cause fatty liver. In addition, excessive sugar intake may cause pancreatic beta cells to be overloaded and dysfunctional, leading to food-borne diabetes. The main sources of carbohydrates are cereals, potatoes and beans. 3. Appropriate amount of fat: The liver is an important organ for the digestion, absorption, decomposition, synthesis and transportation of lipids. When liver dysfunction occurs, the synthesis and secretion of bile are reduced, resulting in indigestion of fat and symptoms such as an aversion to greasy food. Steatorrhea may occur when too much fat is consumed. Therefore, fat intake should be limited, especially during acute attacks of hepatitis. However, too little intake will affect appetite and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K, E and β-carotene, so an appropriate amount of fat must be provided. 40-50g per day, accounting for 25-30 of the total calories. Eat as little animal fat as possible and mainly use vegetable fats, such as sesame oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil. It contains more unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. These unsaturated fatty acids cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by food, so they are called essential fatty acids. In the absence of essential fatty acids, the synthesis of high-density lipoprotein is reduced, intrahepatic fat transport is blocked, and fatty liver is easily formed. 4. Sufficient vitamins Vitamins are low molecular compounds necessary to maintain the normal life process of the human body. They are neither raw materials for tissue nor can they provide energy, but they are an indispensable type of substance for the human body and play an important role in material metabolism. For example, vitamin B1 can inhibit cholinesterase, reduce the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, increase gastrointestinal motility and gland secretion, and help improve appetite and digestive function. Vitamin C can promote glycogen synthesis, enhance the body's immunity, and has detoxification and anti-cancer effects. Therefore, patients with viral hepatitis should take vitamin B1 and C regularly. Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant that prevents the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and protects liver cell membranes and microorganism membrane systems within liver cells. Vitamin K is an essential substance for the liver to synthesize coagulation factors. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be provided by food. In the case of viral hepatitis, there are two main reasons for the increased demand for vitamins: (1) The patient has a sharp loss of appetite due to indigestion and insufficient vitamin intake; (2) Infections, fever, etc. increase vitamin consumption, and at the same time the demand Also increased. Therefore, for viral hepatitis, especially when the disease is active, rich vitamins must be provided from outside the body, including obtaining vitamins from food. Vitamin C is widely found in fresh fruits and green leafy vegetables, as it is abundant in tomatoes, oranges and fresh dates. Vitamin B1 is mainly found in foods such as rice bran, wheat bran, soybeans, yeast and lean meat. Vitamin E is abundant in vegetable oils such as wheat germ oil, cottonseed oil and soybean oil, as well as walnuts, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, fungus and egg yolk. Vitamin K1 is abundant in green leafy plants, such as alfalfa, spinach, etc., and animal livers. Vitamin K2 is a bacterial metabolite. Human intestinal bacteria can synthesize it. 5. It is strictly forbidden to drink alcohol. 80% of the ethanol ingested after drinking is absorbed through the stomach and small intestine, and 90-98% is oxidized into acetaldehyde in the liver. Both ethanol and acetaldehyde have a damaging effect on the liver and can cause a series of metabolic changes, such as high uric acid. Hyperemia, hypoglycemia, acidosis, steatorrhea and hyperlipidemia aggravate the metabolic disorder of the liver and aggravate hepatocellular lesions, which can lead to the formation of alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholism can also cause low cellular immune function in the human body, affecting the ability of patients with viral hepatitis (especially viral hepatitis B and C) to clear the virus, causing the disease to linger and develop into chronic hepatitis and post-hepatitis cirrhosis. Alcohol may also be an auxiliary carcinogen, which may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma if there is hepatitis B or C virus infection. Therefore, drinking alcohol should be prohibited if you have viral hepatitis.