Why did masculinity prevail in Qing Dynasty? !

Ming and Qing Dynasties are the last and last generations of feudal society in China, and the male style is more intense. Almost became a romantic trap for heroes. In Five Miscellanies of Secular Desires, the development of male homosexuality as a historical tradition in Zhao and Shanghai in Ming Dynasty was elaborated in detail: the rise of masculinity and self-training are more commandments than urchins. We know that ancient times have passed. Anling Longyang, seen in Biography and Lucky Articles, is a historical book. When it comes to gold, it is full of prosperity. What the world says is what it is. Judge a person by his appearance and behave well. After the history called Xianning and Taikang, Toy Boy was more prosperous than women, and domestic scholars followed suit. As for the separation of husband and wife, there is resentment. In the Song Dynasty, Taoism did not decline so much, but now it is a little more prosperous, leading the southeast people more than the northwest people. The Ming dynasty's masculinity reached a peak in the Ming Wuzong period. From the emperor to the common people, it is almost the relationship between two people. "Warm Women Write" said: "In the early Ming Dynasty, ministers were the most spoiled. When they joined the' old children', they all chose young and handsome ministers. Ming officials, Confucian scholars and even bandits and street children were all masculine." "Laoerdang" was synonymous with gay men at that time. Due to the prevalence of male chauvinism, there were many pronouns and "nicknames" for gay men at that time. In "Stone Nod", a born idiot in Ming Dynasty pointed out: It is not surprising that people who are funny and prefer the smell of backyard flowers treat men as women and have sex and fun. That's it. That's one thing. It never happened. The general topic of scholars is called "Hanlin Yue Feng". If the local dialect is different, northerners are called "fried Ru Ru"; Southerners call it "playing bitter fleabane"; Huizhou people call it "collapsed tofu"; Jiangxi people call it "casting brazier"; People in Ningbo are called "goodness"; Longyou people call it "becoming like an onion"; Cixi people are called "playing frogs"; Suzhou people are called "Mr. Tired"; Daming's lawyer called it "an obscene game of inserting penis into other people's feces." "Words are different, the situation is one to one. If there are several places in Fujian where people's children are handsome, they will be hired on the 12th and 13th. Nine times out of ten, the lawsuit in Zhangzhou is sodomy. Isn't it a big joke? The prevalence of gay men in Ming Dynasty also had its profound social reasons. Generally speaking, the Ming Dynasty continued to be influenced by Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism and feudal ethics, and continued to practice sexual imprisonment and sexual closure. After the reign of Xuanzong in the Ming Dynasty, the ban on official prostitutes was very strict. No matter officials or scholars, those who stay for prostitution or do a little bad things are downgraded to a lighter degree, while those who are severely punished have never been employed. In feudal society, marriage was involuntary and there was no affection between husband and wife, so Engels said that prostitution and adultery were a supplement to monogamy. Now that the road to "supplement" is broken, he has to vent between the same sex. At the same time, people in China at that time attached great importance to the imperial clan, so they were very strict in the communication between men and women, so as not to disturb the order of the clan and the imperial clan. From the national society, the monarch, father and son, husband and wife are "three cardinal principles". The destruction of any one of these "three cardinal principles" will affect others. For example, the destruction of "husband as wife" will affect "monarch as minister", which is absolutely impossible. However, homosexuality will not have children, will not cause blood disorder, will not disturb the royal family order and disintegrate society, so society will relax homosexuality while strictly controlling heterosexual love behavior. " "Five Miscellanies" is like the next paragraph: clothes are in the net, dragons are forbidden, lenient than narrow evil, scholars are trapped in congestion, the cost of broken sleeves is killed by the entanglement of heads and the roar of Hedong, and every time they fall into our mysterious mulberry, it is difficult to rely on jade. This is the reason why Toy Boy is prosperous. That is to say, compared with whoring, male chauvinism does not conflict with the law at that time. It costs a lot of money, which some people can't afford. In addition, it is difficult for a man to ask, investigate and object to the blind date, and family conflicts will not be very sharp. In this way, masculinity will become more and more prosperous. At that time, among the people in some areas, homosexuality also played the role of "unity and mutual assistance". Shen Defu said in Talking on the Broom: "People in Fujian are cool and prefer boys to girls, regardless of rank, they are related by blood. The elder is a "brother" and the younger is a "brother". As soon as my brother entered my brother's house, his parents loved him as much as their husbands. His future livelihood and marriage expenses were all taken from the "Seven Heroes". People who love him are over 40 years old and still sleep like lovers. The power of this folk custom is enormous. The spread of homosexuality is also influenced by China's traditional sexual theory for thousands of years. The core of China's ancient sexology theory is the theory of "collecting yin and nourishing yang", which holds that the main purpose of sexual intercourse between men and women is not to ejaculate or to ejaculate less, so that the yin in women can be collected, so as to complement each other and prolong life. Otherwise, if you ejaculate too much, you will lose yang, aggravate your illness and prolong your life. So the ancients always advocated abstinence, that is, abstinence for men and women. Same-sex intercourse, although it can't achieve the goal of complementarity through war, will not lose yang, because men have same-sex intercourse, and the yang lost by injected sperm will be compensated from the yang in the other person's body. In the same way, when women cross the same sex, they will also absorb the lost yin from each other and get compensation. China's ancient sexology theory gradually declined after the Song and Ming Dynasties, and could only be combined with medicine and health care. Therefore, doctors emphasize these theories from the perspective of health care, which objectively promotes homosexuality. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, homosexuality reached another unprecedented peak, both in the imperial court and among the people, which also had its profound social and historical reasons. The rulers of the Qing dynasty also strictly controlled sex, because they wanted to keep their Manchu royal blood, so they banned Manchu-Chinese marriage (the ban was not lifted until Empress Dowager Cixi 1905). In order to maintain the stability of the rule and avoid arousing the resistance and social unrest of the Han people, it is strictly forbidden to disturb the women in the neighborhood; Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism and feudal ethics have further become tools for the ruling class to control the people. In the early Qing dynasty, it was forbidden to stay for prostitution and transfer men and women without media. In this way, homosexuality became a sexual relationship between Manchu and Han, which was acquiesced by the rulers. Moreover, homosexuality is a long-standing historical existence in China, and there is no contradiction and conflict with the interests of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and feudal ethics. The further rise of homosexuality in the early Qing Dynasty was also closely related to the hatred of national subjugation. "Subjective Vegetarianism" said: "In the early Qing Dynasty, Ming died in foreign countries and the country changed hands. This has brought about great political changes and made many people who won the country very depressed; They can't avoid their new owners, and they can't easily escape political interference. Only by pretending to be crazy and selling stupidity, sending family and music for entertainment, marrying and having children, and getting drunk as a way to escape politics. " And "in the early Qing dynasty, there was a strong masculinity in the literati class because of this psychology. In addition, in the early Qing dynasty, the rulers won the first place in the world. In order to restrain people, they showed peace. In addition to expressing their leisure by writing poems and lyrics, they also encourage these classes to indulge in the beauty of sensuality and not let them go to the streets idle. Due to the lack of bans, the general literati class can do whatever they want, and openly gather friends through prostitution and praise. As a result, homosexuality became a social fashion in the Qing Dynasty, and it also became a buffer zone for many people to avoid political conflicts and ethnic conflicts. So homosexuality at that time had a certain political nature. " In the so-called drunken dream ... some people wrote more songs that miss going abroad in order to express their grief over the country, so that the actors at that time could not only hear his voice, but also burst into tears, and then they would sip painfully. The masculinity of the Qing Dynasty has the following characteristics: First, most of the masculinity favored by the literati were actresses. In the Qing Dynasty, Peking Opera was very popular, and all the leading roles in Peking Opera were played by actors. Due to professional characteristics, many leading men are beautiful and feminine, and they are often played by some literati and wealthy businessmen. Second, male prostitutes are very popular. During the reign of Kangxi, it was popular for men to set up prostitutes. After Qianlong, the regulations on male prostitutes were more complete. According to Tears on the Golden Platform, the "Xianggongtangzi" of male prostitutes in the Qing Dynasty generally gathered in Hanjiatan area of Beijing, which is near today's eight hutongs. This book describes: "Whenever the bright moon shines in the sky, the silver Zheng is tucked into the night, there is worry about spring at home, there is no idle fire in the lane, the blue sky outside the door whimpers, and the city heads draw corners." Tired when I got up in the morning, I invaded this place, but I heard thousands of birds singing, and I didn't feel tears falling with the Qing song. Wow, is it also an ecstasy bridge and an ecstasy hole? Third, many scholars engage in homosexuality with each other or with extremely young children and pedophiles. This is different from playing with actresses and whoring with male prostitutes. The former happens externally, and this happens internally. They get along all day, so it's easier to get along with Anling Yang Long. Many famous literati in Qing dynasty had this kind of behavior. & lt/TABLE & gt；