Bell invented the telephone story?

The telephone was invented by Bell. Do you know the short story about Bell inventing the telephone? Let's take a look at the information I have carefully prepared for you. Welcome to read!

Bell * * * 1847 ~ 1922 * *, an American British telephone inventor. At the age of 22, he was a professor of phonetics at Boston University.

Bell's talent as a teenager is average. When I was in primary school, my academic performance was one or two at the bottom of my class. Not only does he not study well, but he is also naughty and playful. There are often small animals in the schoolbag, such as mice and sparrows.

Once, when the teacher was still lecturing on the stage, the mouse in Bell's schoolbag came out and screamed in the classroom, which caused the students to burst into laughter and was a mess. The teacher reprimanded him severely.

Later, his father sent Bell to his grandfather in London, and he was directly disciplined by his strict grandfather. Grandfather is a strict and stubborn old man. But he is knowledgeable and patient in education. Soon, Jason Chung fell in love with grandpa, became interested in learning and learned a lot.

He has changed. He not only has good academic performance and loves to invent and create, but also has good moral character and is always ready to help others. Once, he saw a lonely old man grinding his noodles with a heavy water mill. Jason Chung sympathized with him and invited a group of young friends to help him. Later, my friends thought it was too hard to push the mill, so they quit. Only Jason Chung insisted.

Back home, Jason Chung thought, how can we save Shuimo? In order to design a new water mill, he read a lot of materials and drew one design drawing after another.

After 1 month of repeated thinking, the sketch was finally designed. Several craftsmen were full of praise. Thanks to the efforts of skilled craftsmen, a labor-saving water mill was built, and the villagers were very grateful to him. Jason Chung has also become a hero in everyone's mind.

When little Bell was young, he liked to give speeches. His father is an orator. When Bell was a teenager, he organized a youth technical association and gave a speech once a week. He has a gift for speaking. At the age of 22, he was hired by Boston University and became a professor of phonetics. Father and son became famous American speakers.

1On June 2, 875, Bell, 28, experienced thousands of failures and finally made a wired telephone. On this day, he and Watson are conducting new experiments.

Bell put some parts in sulfuric acid, and accidentally, sulfuric acid dripped on his leg. He was in great pain and repeatedly called for help unintentionally: "Watson, come quickly, I need you!" " "The voice reached Watson's ear through the wire. In this way, the first wired telephone was successfully manufactured.

Expansion: Bell's Dream

One day, Bell said to Sanders, "Mr. Sanders, if the storage room is empty, can I borrow it?" I want to do some entertaining work. " 」

Saunders immediately sent someone to clean a room in the basement and lent it to Bell. Wires, coils, batteries, medicines and other items and tools were moved into the room.

It turned out that Bell noticed the prosperous business at that time-telegraph, which conducted radio waves through wires. As a phonological researcher, he often thinks, "Why can't you spread sound by radio waves? 」

This idea prompted him to invent the idea of transmitting sound by radio waves. He visited a famous telegraph technician in Washington and put forward his own idea: "Is it possible to transmit sound waves by wire?" 」

The technician smiled and said, "Your Excellency is really an amateur in electricity. How do wires transmit sound? No one who knows a little about electricity will have such a stupid idea. Learn more electricity in the future! I wouldn't make such a joke. 」

Bell was very disappointed, but it didn't stop him from thinking. Instead, I used time to get in touch with electrical knowledge, and soon I knew everything about electricity.

In Senem, education is busy during the day, but Bell is still full of energy. Every night after dinner, he can't wait to run into the basement until late at night, still without rest.

Saunders was surprised and asked him, "Mr. Bell, you often work late into the night in the basement. Are you studying something? " 」

"ah! That's one of my dreams. I study whether it is possible to spread music through telecommunications. 」

Saunders opened his eyes wide and looked puzzled. Bell explained to him, "When I was in England, I once read a paper by my father and thought of some interesting things. Later, I studied under Mr. Hoyston of London University, and he lent me a copy of Sound Sense written by Helmholtz, a German. I don't know much about the contents of the book, but I deeply remember him playing a tuning fork with an electromagnetic stone.

I often wonder if it is possible to turn the music here into electricity after playing it on the piano and send it to far away places so that the piano there can also play the same music. Let's say it's an exchange of music! But the actual operation is still very difficult! 」

Saunders listened intently and then asked, "So, what you mean is that one piano key pulls a thread and then connects it to another key?" 」

Bell shook his head and said, "no, that's easier." However, it still needs dozens of wires, which is unrealistic. If only we could use only one wire to transmit all the sounds like ordinary telecommunications. 」

"Can you do that? Will it be messy to transmit all kinds of sounds with one line? Don't say music. It's just the sound of "Gege" that bothers you. 」

"Although the Do sound and the Mi sound are issued together, at the receiving end, the Do sound and the Mi sound should be issued separately. Of course, in theory, it is not easy to do. 」

Hearing this, Sanders' eyes suddenly lit up and he said excitedly, "If this idea can be applied to telecommunications, it must be a great thing. 」

"ah! What does this mean? " Now it's Bell's turn to feel puzzled.

"I mean, suppose you use the Do key of the piano to send out the Morse code of the" answer ",and use the Re key to send out other Morse codes, and so does the Mi key. If, as you said, the sound is transmitted by wires, and the scales of Do, re and Mi can be distinguished there, isn't it possible to transmit several Morse codes with one wire at a time? 」

"That makes sense! If there are eighty-eight keys on the piano, then you can send out eighty-eight audio signals at a time. " Bell also said in surprise.

"Yes, if you use this method, no matter how many telegrams there are, you only need one wire to send them in a very short time; This is a very important invention. Mr. Bell, you'd better give up the dream of music telecom! Learning this telecom business is more practical, and if it succeeds, it will make a lot of money!

what do you think? I will pay for the research, and if there is not enough manpower, I can hire an assistant. Sir, please create this great invention! 」

A great entrepreneur with far-sightedness and a bold and cautious inventor communicate here and work together to complete one of the biggest inventions. Since then, with the support of Saunders, Bell has been able to give full play to his invention talent and work hard for his ideal. Research on Telephone Reconciliation and Telecommunication Invention

At that time, Morse's telecommunications were gradually widely used, and the traffic increased greatly. Telecom companies are plagued by a large number of applications that cannot be processed. Therefore, many people desperately study the method of sending multiple communications at the same time on one line. This method is called "multiple communication".

After listening to Bell's idea of music communication, I immediately thought of Saunders, who is applied to multiple communication. He is indeed a flexible industrialist. Multiple audio signals generated by using different tones (such as ringtones) are called "harmonic audio signals".

When Danbert decided to start the research of harmonic telecommunications, Sandoz not only provided huge experimental expenses, but also hired a man named Thomas? Augustus? Watson's electrical workers served as assistants and vacated the spacious roof back room as a laboratory.

Although Watson has not graduated from school, he has taught himself electrical knowledge and opened an electrical store, so he has exquisite craftsmanship and rich invention talent. After he was hired, he also lived in Sanders Mansion and worked in research with Bell.

With a capable assistant, Bell has made amazing progress in the research of harmonic telecommunications. By 1874, one wire can send ten or twelve Morse telegrams at the same time.

However, when the invention reached that level, Bell gradually shifted his will to another direction. With the in-depth understanding of electricity and audio, he holds a greater ideal than harmonic audio, that is, the idea of sending people's voices directly to distant places through wires, that is, the idea of telephone.

"It is used to coordinate the tone of telecommunications because it has a certain height and size. The human voice is also a voice, but the height and size are constantly changing, forming a language. Of course, this is quite difficult, but it is by no means impossible. Changing the height and size of the tone becomes current and then sends it. …….」

Bell told Watson about this idea and encouraged him to say, "Telecommunications that transmit human voice is valuable work. Let's put aside harmonic telecommunications and try this research! " ! 」

Watson was also very interested, and they started the telephone research together.

Soon, Saunders knew about it. He said unhappily, "If you are too casual about the research, I will no longer bear the cost of the experiment. The phone you mentioned is just a toy, which is not practical at all. Harmonic telecommunications is more conducive to human invention. Besides, now that there is some progress in telecom reconciliation, please stop being half-hearted and get on with your work! 」

After being accused, they had to resume the work of reconciling telecommunications. Despite this, the dream of telephone remains in Bell's mind. He kept thinking, "How can we transmit human voice with wires?" ? 」

This is really a very difficult thing. What bell thinks is that he doesn't know where to start.

Undaunted, Bell made a special trip to visit Joseph when he was in Washington. He is the president of the Smithsonian Institution. Henry, ask his opinion. Henry listened carefully to Bell's explanation, and then said enthusiastically, "Mr. Bell, your idea is great. It will surely become a great invention in history. Study hard! " Don't give up halfway!

"However, everyone laughed at me for dreaming, and I didn't have enough electrical knowledge and didn't know where to start." Bell said worriedly.

"Mr. Bell, great inventors are not easy to understand, so don't be discouraged. Insufficient knowledge can enrich yourself! What are you afraid of? Keep trying! 」

With Henry's encouragement, Bell's confidence doubled.

Six, get inspiration from mistakes

I didn't expect Jambers's inexplicable phone call to be inspired by a fault.

1On the afternoon of June 2, 875, Bell and Watson were doing research on audio adjustment. Watson sat in front of the transmitter and patted the metal plate that made the noise. There is a receiver in the next room, and the signal from the metal plate becomes current, which is conducted through the iron wire and attracts the iron plate of the receiver to make sound through the electromagnetic stone. Bell stood in front of the receiver to check the sound.

Suddenly, Watson noticed that a vibrating plate could not beat, as if it had been disturbed by something, and the spring failed, so the vibrating plate could not move.

"Really, something happened at this moment ..." Watson complained that he wanted to adjust the spring, but he played the vibrating plate with his fingers. Suddenly, the vibrating plate made an unusual "hmm-"sound, and then Bell in the next room rushed in.

"What did you do just now? That's it! Do not move! Show me! Come on! " Bell shouted excitedly.

Watson thought he had done something wrong, and recoiled a little and said, "Sir, you are angry! 」

"No, it's just a strange sound coming from the receiver. 1 of" hmm ",just like someone is * * *. Watson, what did you just do? " Bell answered excitedly.

Watson suddenly realized this and said with a sigh of relief, "Nothing! It was just that the vibrating plate was broken, so I gave it a flick with my finger. But there seems to be a "hmm" sound. 」

Hearing this, Bell immediately inspected the failure of the receiver in detail. They found that the transmitter is spring-loaded, and when it makes a "hmm" sound, the receiver can also receive the same sound.

"Isn't the phone our idea?" ? 」

Bell jumped up with joy and continued, "Great! Knowing the principle of sound propagation, the telephone belongs to us. 」

Watson is in a daze with his mouth open! Bell slapped him and said, "Watson, don't try to adjust the telecommunications again." Since then, we have been studying the telephone. Today, thanks to you, we have found a clever way to transmit human voice through telecommunications, which is caused by electromagnetic induction. I will explain the details later. Now I'm going to draw the design. Please assemble it according to the drawing. 」

That night, Bell rushed out the design drawings overnight. Watson was unambiguous and immediately assembled the phone according to the picture the next day. Bell shouted nervously into the phone, but Watson only heard a faint voice on the other end of the phone and couldn't hear clearly. But in any case, what is certain is that sound can spread like this.

"all right! Now there is finally a sound, and we can continue to improve it in the future. 」

At this time, Bell's face was full of hope and confidence.

In the more than 20 years after the invention of Morse telegraph, countless scientists tried to transmit sound directly with current, and Bell also took the invention of telephone as his bounden responsibility. However, because the telephone transmits continuous signals, rather than discontinuous on-off signals like telegrams, it was as difficult as going to heaven at that time. He tried to show the deaf-mute people "words" with continuous vibration curves, but failed.

However, an interesting phenomenon was found in the experiment: every time the current was cut off, the coil would make a "tick" sound similar to Morse code. Jambers boldly imagined that if the current intensity could be used to simulate the change of sound, wouldn't it be possible to transmit sound with current? In the next two years, Nebel worked hard to master electricity. With a solid knowledge of linguistics, he seemed to have wings.

He resigned as a professor and devoted himself to the experiment of inventing the telephone. He happened to meet Watson, an electrical engineer of 18 years old. At that time, everything was ready except one collaborator. Two years later, after numerous failures, they finally made two rough prototypes: a carbon rod inserted with sulfuric acid was connected to the center of the membrane at the bottom of the cylinder. When people speak, the vibration of the membrane changes the resistance and the current, and then the electric signal is changed back to sound by electromagnetic principle at the receiving place. Unfortunately, the experiment failed, and their voices were transmitted to each other through the ceiling of the apartment instead of the machine.

While they were thinking hard, Ding Dongsheng of the guitar outside the window reminded them that the sensitivity of the microphone and receiver was too low! They made their own speakers and improved the machine for two days and two nights. Then he started the experiment. At first, Watson only heard the hissing current from the receiver. Finally, he heard Bell's clear voice, "Mr. Watson, come on! I need you. 1On the evening of June 2, 875, Bell was 28 years old and Watson was 2 1 year old. They struck while the iron was hot, and after half a year's improvement, they finally made the world's first practical telephone.

On March 3rd, 1876 * * * Bell's 29th birthday * * *, Bell's patent application was approved with the patent number of US 174465. In fact, a few hours after Bell applied for a telephone patent, another outstanding inventor Eliza Gray also applied for a patent for his telephone. Due to the difference of several hours, the US Supreme Court ruled that Bell was the inventor of the telephone.

After returning to Boston, the two continued to improve it and seized every opportunity to promote it. Two years later, 1878, Bell conducted the first long-distance telephone experiment between Boston and new york, more than 300 kilometers away.

Just as successful as Morse 34 years ago. The difference is that they hold a popular science publicity meeting, and the audience on both sides can talk to each other. There was a small problem in the middle: the black folk singer who performed the last program was too nervous to make a sound after hearing Bell's voice in the distance, and Beljean Watson, who used his quick wits, took his place. Watson's brave singing made the audience on both sides burst into applause and laughter from time to time, and the experiment was a complete success.

1877, the year after Bell invented the telephone, the first telephone line in Boston was opened, which connected Mr. Charles Williams' factory with his private residence in Somerville. It was also in this year that someone sent news information to the Boston Globe by telephone for the first time, and the era of using public telephones began.