Geography of Berne

1530, a group of local craftsmen made a beautiful astronomical calendar clock, which not only showed the date, time and the position of the sun, month and planets, but also showed a doll show. This ancient clock is still rung by the little bronze man in the bell tower, which is thought to bring joy to children and admiration to visitors to Bern. The Gothic Cathedral in Bern was built in 142 1 year and completed in 1893, which lasted for 472 years. The minaret is 100 meters high and brightly lit at night. In addition, Bern also has Niederger Church built in 1492, and the Renaissance palace-style federal government buildings built in 1852 to 1857. Einstein once lived in Bern. In memory of this great scientist, the Einstein Memorial Hall was established in Bern. Swiss National Library, Berne Municipal Library and Berne University Library have a large collection of precious manuscripts and rare books. In addition, there are museums of history, nature, art and weapons in Bern.

(1) the central and western Swiss states. It covers an area of 6,887 square kilometers (of which 259 square kilometers are covered by glaciers). The population is 937,000 (1990). Mainly speaking German and believing in Protestantism; French is spoken in Jura mountain area, and Catholicism is the main belief. The capital, Bern. Ale River and its tributaries Sana River and Amiu River pass through Honshu. The southern highlands include the Alps, with feenstra Peak (4,274m) and Jungfrau Peak (4,0/53m). Hydropower is developed. There are cattle, horses, cheese, poultry, logging and other industries in the mountainous area, which is a famous tourist attraction. The middle part is a fertile agricultural area, and the grape planting industry is developed. Industry is dominated by watch and machine manufacturing and pottery manufacturing. Major cities include Bill, burgdorf and Thun.

(2) Swiss capital, the capital of bern state. In the middle of the western plateau, on both sides of the Ale River, a tributary of the Rhine River. The new town is on the right bank and the old town is on the left bank. There are seven bridges connected. The population is1.4000 (1.989). The residents mainly speak German. There were bears in the eleventh century, so they were named Bern. There are sculptures of bears in ancient buildings and bears are often used as trademarks in daily necessities. 1 19 1 established a military fortress. 12 18 became an independent city-state, 1353 joined the Swiss confederation. It has been the capital of Switzerland since 1848. Industry includes motor, precision machine, textile, chemistry, pharmacy, food, printing and other departments. It is famous for operating clocks and watches, and the "capital of clocks and watches" is famous all over the world. Agricultural products market. National transportation center, an important land and air transportation hub. Cultural centers include the University of Bern (built in 1834) and the National Library, as well as museums of human history, natural history, art, weapons and Alps, as well as the Bell Tower and Gothic Cathedral (built in15th century). As an international tourist center, there is a tourist attraction "Xiongyuan" in the city. Many international organizations, such as the Universal Postal Union, the General Administration of International Railway Transport and the International Copyright Union, have established this mechanism. Bern has a mild and humid climate, warm in winter and cool in summer. This is a well-preserved medieval town with towers, fountains, cobblestone streets and red tile roofs. Even its most famous bell tower decorated with unique clocks has become an important work of art. Although Bern is small, with a population of only 1.4 million, it has a beautiful environment and unique architecture, attracting many tourists. The Ale River forms a loop here. The city was first built on the peninsula at the bend of the river, surrounded by water on three sides. After hundreds of years of development, the urban area has expanded to both sides of the valley, and seven beautifully shaped bridges connect the old city on the west coast and the new city on the east coast. In the shade, the Aale River winds south. The buildings on both sides of the Aale River are uneven, giving people a novel and unique feeling.

Strolling through the old city on the peninsula, old-fashioned houses, narrow streets, pointed towers, shops with corridors, colorful stone fountains in the center of the street and so on. , showing ancient and elegant features everywhere. The Gothic Cathedral, built in 142 1 and rebuilt in 1573, is the tallest building in this city. Opposite the cathedral is the Federal Parliament Building, built in 1857, in Renaissance style. The green dome is particularly eye-catching on a red tile roof in the city. The bell tower, located at the main intersection of the old city, was built at 1530. It is the oldest bell tower in Europe, and people can still hear its loud sound of telling the time today. Looking from the city to Jungfrau, the peak of the Alps in the southeast, there are layers of clouds around the mountainside, and the snow-white snow peaks shine against the blue sky. People call it the crown of Bern. In the urban area, the University of Bern and the Museum are built in 1834. The hill on the east bank of the Aale River is a tourist attraction in Bern. There is a rose park on the hill. When roses are in full bloom, they are colorful and fragrant, and tourists are weaving. Gangxia is a famous "bear garden" on the river bank. Bears are raised here from 15 13. Those bears can stand, lie down, lie on the ground and walk left or right according to the keeper's password. Beautiful posture and funny movements made tourists laugh. The most imaginative scenery in Bern is the fountain built in the center of the street in the16th century, some of which are heroes and some are scary monsters. These fountains have various images. Every spring has a statue of a spring column, and the spring water gurgles out of the sculpture column. Every sculpture here tells a legend, a fairy tale, vivid and fascinating. In Hospital Street, there is a famous spring called "Flute Spring". The weather-beaten piper must have a touching story. The sculpture style of the two street springs in Market Street is unique. One is the "goddess of drinking". She is mixing water and wine, and her skirt is dancing gracefully. The other is the "standard bearer", with a cute bear in armor between his legs. There are also springs in the nearby barn square. This sculpture is a fairy tale. At the top of the spring, there is a devil. The right hand grabbed a child and was about to bite off his head. There are some children in the left hand pocket. It seems that he will benefit from it gradually. This image is to scare naughty children. On Cramer Street, "Zalingen Spring" commemorates Duke Zalingen, who originally built the city. In the north of Cramer Street, there is a Gothic building in the early15th century, which is Bern City Hall. Below the main entrance are a pair of high steps, which are typical early Berne buildings. On the Little Square in front of the City Hall, there is the "Flag Bearer Spring". The flag bearer is well dressed and holds the Berne flag, which is fine and realistic. When you go to Justice Street, you will see the most wonderful street spring in Bern-"Justice Spring". The statue on the spring is the "Goddess of Justice", with a sword in one hand and a balance in the other. At her feet are images of popes, kings, high officials and dignitaries, which means that even emperors and princes can't escape a fair judgment. "Messenger Spring" is located in the Messenger Square not far away to commemorate an ancient Berne messenger who was not afraid of rape.

Berne Cathedral Square is surrounded by the mansions of former dignitaries. The relief on the gate was created in the15th century, and is called "the last judgment", which shows the scene that the guilty people are thrown into hell and punished forever. The decorative paintings inside the church show the same theme in a more vivid image. The decorative paintings on these stained glass were painted by 156 1 with the theme of "Dance of Death". Bernese like flowers. From May to the end of each year, the flowers in the geranium market decorate every building in the city, making Bern a big garden. Bernier's market is prosperous, and cars are constantly flowing, but there are no harsh horns, no factories in urban areas, no industrial pollution problems, and no noisy sounds of motors and other machines. In public places, people speak softly and can't see loud noises, so the whole city is very quiet. It is said that the same is true in most other cities in Switzerland.

The federal government and the federal parliament are located in the copper-green federal building (also known as the parliament building) on the north bank of the Aale River. When overlooking the whole city from a height, its green round copper roof stands out. The federal building gives this clock city a full capital style.

Bern has always maintained a medieval style. Probably for this reason, Berners is often regarded as slow and cautious. The Swiss joked, "Never tell a joke to Bernese on Friday, or he will laugh at Sunday's mass." 1905, it was in Bern that a math teacher with a small income deduced a formula that would change the whole world. This teacher is Einstein, and his formula is the theory of relativity. "Relativity" has made a big step forward for human wisdom. Therefore, in a sense, Berners is the one who laughs last. The name Bern comes from the German word "bear", which is pronounced as "Bayer" in German and then gradually changed to "Bern". Legend has it that at the end of 12, Duke Zalingen, who ruled central and eastern Switzerland, wanted to build a fortress in Bern. In order to name the city, Duke Zalingen decided to go hunting and named the city after the first wild animal he hit. As a result, he killed a bear, so he named the city after the word "bear" Due to this historical origin, Bernese still have a soft spot for bears, and the image of bears can be seen everywhere. No matter in the fountain in the center of the street or in those ancient buildings, there are almost sculptures of bears.

Zalingen Fountain was built in memory of Duke Zalingen, the founder of Bern. But look at it from the fountain.

I can't see his image. Only one Berne bear can be seen everywhere, wearing the duke's costume. Exquisite stairs outside the city hall were built in15th century. In front of it is the flag bearer spring, and above it is a bear who just wants to show off. On chocolate candy, on big cakes, even on men's belts, women's hair clips, children's buttons, and many other daily necessities, there are all kinds of gestures of bears. On holidays, the first mate's colorful flags decorated with various artistic bear symbols are hung in front of the doors and upstairs of hotels, shops, institutions and houses, which has become a major landscape in Bern. Even in normal times, bear flags can be seen everywhere. Therefore, Bern is also called "Bear City". On the east bank of the bend of the Ale River is a "bear garden" with a history of more than 500 years. Bernese have deep feelings for bears, and they often visit them in the bear park. At Easter, there are the most people. If there is a bear, they will tell each other happily. If a bear dies, they will be sad for many days. Bears are also painted on the state emblem of the Swiss Federal Republic of bern state.