Worldly classical Chinese

1. Ask for the answer to the first grade Chinese classical Chinese homework: a villain has no friends, but a mouse at home forever. Little people have no friends, I 1. However, I think the villain has no cronies, only the gentleman has three. The villain is kind and detached; True friendship is based on "morality" and villains are "like-minded friends", so the author thinks it is also false that villains can't make friends for the time being. This article tells the story of a person in Yongzhou who treats rats like rats, treating those who think they are "full and have nothing to do" as rats, profoundly and powerfully satirizing the ugly human feelings of the feudal exploiting classes, the corrupt bureaucrats and the ugly people who have been rampant for a while. Metaphor villain can be arrogant for a while, but not for a long time. The villains who rely on strength will be completely eliminated. 2. Point out the main points. 3. 1 The warehouse and kitchen at home are all overrun by rats. In broad daylight, mice often move with people. These mice think they can live a well-fed and disaster-free life.

2. Chu people live in poverty. Read Huainan Fang ①: "You have to wait for the cicada to stop the leaf ② before you can become invisible."

So he picked up the leaves under the tree-mantis grabbed the leaves and waited for the cicada-to pick them. Leaves fall under the tree, and leaves fall under the tree first, so you can sweep them several times.

I blocked myself with leaves one by one and asked his wife, "Have you seen me?" The wife always answers at the beginning: "Look." After a day, I was tired, and the cloud said, "No."

Well, I was overjoyed, though. Ye entered the market ⑤, brought people from the opposite side, and bound Yixian. The magistrate was resigned and told the whole story. The official smiled, but he died with a sigh of relief.

—— Excerpted from Han Danchun's Laughing Forest ⑨ n Note 1 Huainan Fang: The title is Huainanzi, which was compiled by Liu An, the king of the Southern Han Dynasty, and his disciples. ② Wait (s √): Observe and wait.

Obstacle: occlusion. ③ Heng: All the time, all the time.

④ à i: Cheating. ⑤ ⑤ (j⑤): carry.

⑥ Yi: Go ... ⑥ Accept the speech: Listen to the speech.

8 death: no punishment. Pet-name ruby Han Danchun (132-? ): Cao Weishi, calligrapher and writer.

Handan people. He is knowledgeable, versatile, proficient in exegetics, and good at writing "Insect Seal" and eight-part official script.

I was once valued by Cao Cao. In Wei (222), the official was a doctor, and he gave things.

He was awarded a prize by Wei Wendi for his ingenious and precise work "Fu for Throwing Pots". The author of Laughing Forest (three volumes) has a certain position in the history of China literature.

Attending China's first collection of ancient jokes was compiled by Han Danchun, a great man in the Three Kingdoms period. Some of these jokes are scattered in books such as Collection of Arts and Literature, Taiping Guangji, and Taiping Yulan.

The folk jokes collected in Laughing Forest reflect some worldly wisdom, satirize absurd words and deeds, and are lively and interesting, but also have some vulgar tastes. N knowledge hook Xuan [interchangeable words] is used at the end of the question to indicate inquiry; Such as "have you seen me?" Hey hey, Tomo, secretly; Such as "hey, but I'm happy."

"Different meanings in ancient and modern times" can be commonly used today: it means possible or able. Ancient meaning in the text: it can be used to ...; Such as "can be invisible".

Can't see this common meaning: don't meet; It's gone. The ancient meaning in the text: invisible; Such as "Miyun:' I can't see it.

"Contrary to the common meaning today: Yes; Go straight. The ancient meaning in the text: face to face; Such as "bring people from the opposite side. "

Character is commonly used today: a person who is representative or has outstanding characteristics in some way. The ancient meaning in the text: other people's goods; Such as "bring people from the opposite side."

The universal meaning of incorrigible today is: incorrigible. The ancient meaning in the text: no punishment; For example, "Let go and die."

(1) verb, in; For example, "Chu people live in poverty." "If you live in a temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king."

(Yueyang Tower) (2) Verb, stop, stop; For example, "See you in Bian Que in ten days". (Bian Que meets Cai Huangong) Complex (1) adverb, again, again; Such as "inseparable".

"The yellow crane does not return to the world, and the white clouds will never fly without him." (Yellow Crane Tower) (2) Verb, answer; For example, "I dare not say a word."

(Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dong Yang) (3) Verb, repetition; For example, "there is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village." (Tour Shanxi Village) scenery (1) verb, experience; For example, "I'm tired at the end of the day."

(2) Nouns and scriptures; For example, "once you encounter efforts, the stars are scattered around." (Du) Yan (1) verb, say, say; For example, "the wife always answers' see' at the beginning".

"There are thousands of people sitting in the house and they all say that their husbands are different." ("Shang Mo Sang") (2) Nouns and words; For example, "argue with it and make peace with it."

(Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang) "There is a real meaning in this, and I forgot what I was going to say." Obey the verb (1) and accept it; For example, "the county official was resigned."

I've been on tenterhooks at night since I was ordered. ("Model") 2 verbs, suffer; For example, "it's enough for me to freeze to death alone."

Ci (1) nouns and words; For example, "the county official was resigned." (2) Verb, farewell, farewell; For example, "Say goodbye to parents and stay by the Yellow River at dusk".

(Mulan Poetry) Shuo (1) Shu Bu, verb, narrative; Such as "Talking about the background." (2) Shu Bu, a noun, a style that can be discussed and recorded; For example, "Say it, wait on your husband and observe people's style, and you will get what you want."

("The Snake Catcher said") (3)yuè, an adjective, is the same as "Yue" and happy; For example, "learn from time to time, don't you say?" Six rules) [classical Chinese sentences] ellipsis 1. Omit the subject (1). Omit the subject "Chu people" before "then picking leaves under the tree", that is, "(Chu people) then picking leaves under the tree"; This clause can be translated as "(Chu people) just stand under the tree and look up at the leaves." (2) Omit the subject "Chu people" before "hey but happy", that is, "(Chu people) hey but happy"; This clause can be translated as "(Chu people) are secretly happy."

2. Omit the object (1) in "Li Sui tied for yi county" and the object "Zhi" after the predicate verb "Tie" to replace the Chu people, that is, "Li Sui tied for yi county"; The police tied him up and went to see the county magistrate. (2) In "release without cure", the object "cure" is omitted after the predicate verbs "release" and "cure", which means "release (cure) without cure (cure)"; This clause can be translated as "the county official released him without treating his crime".

3. Omit the preposition (1) "Ye Luoshu" and the preposition "Yu" after the predicate verb "Luo" to indicate "Ye Luoshu"; This clause can be translated as "the leaves fall under the tree". (2) In the phrase "Grandpa enters the market", the preposition "Yu" is omitted after the predicate verb "Ru", which means "Tao", that is, "Grandpa enters the market"; This clause can be translated as "(Chu people) came to the market with leaves."

N A poor man in Chu read Huainan Fang: "The mantis catches cicadas, and the yellowbird is behind, so you can hide the leaves, so you can be invisible." Just stand under the tree, look up for the leaves-the leaves that mantis uses to hide and ambush cicadas-and pick them.

Leaves fall under the tree, and there are fallen leaves under the tree, which cannot be separated. They swept a few barrels and went home. Hide yourself with (leaves) piece by piece and ask his wife, "Have you seen me?" My wife kept saying, "Yes."

After a tiring day, he coaxed, "I can't see." Everyone is secretly happy. They came to the market with leaves and held other people's things face to face. The police tied him up and went to see the county magistrate. The magistrate listened to his confession and (the man) told the story himself. The county magistrate smiled and was released.

3. Full-text translation of classical Chinese without credit after death, first, translation

There was a countryman who became rich because he was very stingy. One day, he was very ill, but he was always angry. He pleaded with his wife and children: "I have been greedy and stingy all my life, and I have broken up with my relatives." Now my family is rich. After I die, I can peel off my skin and sell it to the cobbler, cut off my meat and sell it to the butcher, and scrape off my bones to paint the shop. " He can only die if his wife and children agree.

After half a day's death, I woke up again and said to my wife and children, "The world is not good now and human feelings are shallow. Remember not to give them credit! "

Second, the original text

An extremely stingy countryman became very rich. He complained to his wife, "I have been stingy all my life and cut off six relatives. Now I have money. After I die, I can peel off my skin and sell it to the cobbler, cut off my meat and sell it to the butcher, and scrape off my bones and sell it to the paint shop. " I wanted my wife to listen, and then I gave up. After half a day's death, he came to his senses and said to his wife, "Now the world is shallow, you must never give him credit!" " "

Third, the source

Feng Ming magnum's "Guang Xiao Fu"

Extended data

First, the creative background

Guang Xiao Fu is a classic banter novel by China in Ming Dynasty. Feng Menglong in Ming Dynasty. A total of 13 volumes, divided into Confucian proverbs, official proverbs, Jiuliu, Fangwai, etc. 14 parts, with a total of 40 1 article.

Because the system and content are similar to Xie Hu bian compiled by Lotte Laughter in Ming Dynasty, it is inferred that this book may be supplemented by Feng Menglong on the basis of Xie Hu bian. The main idea of this book is to criticize the human world.

Second, the appreciation of works

From the publishing point of view, these books compiled by Feng Menglong have a common and important feature, that is, they pay attention to practicality.

His works recording historical events at that time were of great news value at that time; His textbook explaining Confucian classics is welcomed by scholars who study imperial examinations. His imitations, novels, novels, plays and folk songs have a larger readership for ordinary people and brought rich profits to booksellers.

Three. Brief introduction of the author

Feng Menglong (1574- 1646) was a writer and dramatist in the Ming Dynasty. Words are still dragons, words are still children. The name is still Long, the owner of Mohanzhai, the ancient song, the slave of Wu Xia's ci, the slave of Gusu's ci, and the history of Zhu in the previous Zhou Dynasty. Han nationality, ancestral home in Changzhou County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), Suzhou Prefecture, South Zhili.

His works emphasize emotion and behavior, the most famous of which are ancient and modern novels (Yu's words), general words to warn the world and common words to wake up the world, which are collectively called "three words".

Baidu encyclopedia-no credit after death

4. What's wrong with describing "hypocrisy" in ancient poetry?

Tang Dynasty: Zhang Wei

It takes gold to make friends in the world, not too much or too deep.

Even if you make a promise temporarily, there will always be a long journey.

Interpretation: Secular people need to use gold as a link and make friends with each other. Gold is not used much, so friendship is naturally not deep. Even if he promised something temporarily, in fact, his heart was as cold as a passerby.

1, "The world needs gold to make friends, and gold is neither too much nor too deep." Expose the "pollution" of money to the human world. Gold has always been a hard currency in ancient society, and there are many examples of exchanging money for "friendship" at all times and in all countries. As early as the Western Jin Dynasty, Lu Bao profoundly pointed out: "Go up and down the boat and serve Confucius. Every hundred gentlemen share the same dust and light. You will have a better reputation if you hand it over. " (On the God of Wealth)

2. "Even if you make a promise temporarily, it will always be a long journey." The smiling face and indifferent heart of the owner of Chang 'an Wall are vividly outlined. "Rannuo" is a symbol of faith, money is the embodiment of desire, and the gap between morality and desire can never be bridged, which is the ultimate chronic disease of human beings as social animals. "Leisure" points to this nature, and the word "leisure" describes "leisure", which perfectly shows that this nature has naturally grown in the hearts of the world for a long time. This seemingly dull tone is not explicit in mocking people, but it can achieve the effect of whipping to the bone.

Literature is a mirror of society. This poem is profound and philosophical, reflecting one aspect of the social world and human feelings in the Tang Dynasty.

5. Detailed comments on classical Chinese translation

There will always be someone (……) who is afraid of the sun and very (very) taboo (special). Think of (think of) as your own children (exactly like "value"), and mice and children are also gods. Because (so) you love mice and don't keep cats and dogs, it is forbidden (forbidden) not to kill mice. Cang Xie cooks, knowing (all) comes (lets) the mouse not ask. So (then) the mice told each other (each other) that they had all (all) come to a certain house, and they were full, which seemed to be a turning point, but it was harmless. There are no complete (intact) utensils and clothes in a room, and rats eat a large proportion (most, most) (the rest) (function words). During the day (during the day), people (often) walk with each other, and at night (just) steal things and fight with each other. They (they) are noisy, can't sleep, and enjoy it (hate it). When I was a few years old, a family moved to another state. When future generations come to live, the mouse is still the same (in the past). The man said, "It's (this) evil thing, and robbery is particularly (very) excessive. Why (because) it is (a function word) to (reach) this level?" Fake (borrow) five or six cats, close the door, tear down tiles and fill holes, and hire cats to catch them. Kill rats like hills, abandon hidden places, and stink for a few days. Oh! They (these mice) think that (yes) is (can) unchangeable (forever, forever) and (function words) is!

translate

There was a man in Yongzhou who was afraid of violating Japanese taboos and had many taboos and superstitions. He thinks that the year of his birth is the year of the child, and the mouse is the god of the child, so he loves the mouse very much. Cats and dogs are not allowed at home, and servants are forbidden to beat mice. The warehouse and kitchen at home are left to the indulgence of mice. So the mice told each other that the mice from other places also came to his house, and there was no harm in eating and drinking. There is nothing in this man's house, and there is not a perfect dress in the closet; Everything you eat and drink is left by rats. In broad daylight, mice often move with people. At night, it chews, bites and beats, making strange noises that make people unable to sleep. He is never bored. A few years later, the man moved to another state. Later, another family moved in, but the mice were as fierce as before. The newcomer said: "These bad things that can't see the sun are particularly troublesome, but why are they all in this state?" He borrowed five or six cats, closed the gate, demolished bricks, watered the rat hole with water, and hired servants to search everywhere. Killed mice piled up like hills, and their bodies were left in remote places, and the smell dispersed for months. Alas! These mice think they can live a well-fed and disaster-free life.

Edit the meaning of this paragraph.

Whatever harms people, even if you can find an "umbrella" to support it for a while, this kind of shelter will not last long, and it will not end well in the end. We must never tolerate or compromise those bad guys, but we must face them bravely and resolutely crack down. We can't let them run amok. To make a metaphor, the success of a villain can be arrogant for a while, but it can't last long. The villains who rely on strength will be completely eliminated. The rat who always seeks is a rat who thinks he is "well-fed and harmless", and points out that if he is "as it is" and "well-fed and harmless", he will be completely eliminated. This fable makes a profound and powerful satire on the ugly human feelings of the feudal exploiting class, the bureaucrats who indulge in evil, and the ugly people who run amok for a while.

6. There is a man in Yongzhou who is afraid of committing Japanese taboos and has many taboos and superstitions.

He thinks that the year of his birth is Zinian, which belongs to the mouse, and the mouse is the god of Zinian, so he loves the mouse very much. Cats and dogs are not allowed at home, and servants are forbidden to beat mice. In the warehouse and kitchen at home, the mouse eats and drinks casually, and he doesn't ask at all. In this way, the mice told each other that the mice from other places also came to his house, and there was no harm in eating and drinking.

There is nothing in this man's house, and there is not a perfect dress in the closet; Everything you eat and drink is left by rats. In broad daylight, mice often move with people. At night, it chews, bites and beats, making strange noises that make people unable to sleep. He is never bored.

A few years later, the man moved to another state. Later, another family moved in, but the mice were as fierce as before.

The newcomer said, "These shameful things have stolen so much and played so much. How did they get to this point?" He borrowed five or six cats, closed the gate, demolished bricks, watered the rat hole with water, and hired servants to search everywhere. Killed mice piled up like hills, and their bodies were left in remote places, and the smell dispersed for months. Alas! These mice think they can live a well-fed and disaster-free life.

Encyclopedia.

7. Urgent Translation of Classical Chinese ~ 127 Tian Zifang educates Ji Zi to translate the original text. When Wei Wenhou's son Wei Ji was traveling, he met Tian Zifang, a Buddhist. He got off the bus and bowed.

Tian Zifang didn't reciprocate. Wei Ji said angrily to Tian Zifang, "Can the rich be proud of others, or can the poor be proud of others?" Tian Zifang said: "Of course, the poor can be proud of others. How dare rich people be proud of others? " ! If you are proud of others, you will die, and if you are proud of others, you will die.

People who have lost their country have never heard of anyone who treats them as the Lord of the country; The man who lost his land has never heard of anyone treating him as the head of the household. What about those poor vagrants? If they don't listen to them and behave unsatisfied, they put on their shoes and leave. How can they not be poor? "Wei was hit and apologized.

Wei, his son, met Tian Zifang, a Buddhist, and got off and bowed. Tian Zifang didn't reciprocate.

Wei Ji said angrily to Tian Zifang, "Can the rich be proud of others, or can the poor be proud of others?" Tian Zifang said: "Of course, the poor can be proud of others. How dare rich people be proud of others? " ! If you are proud of others, you will die, and if you are proud of others, you will die. People who have lost their country have never heard of anyone who treats them as the Lord of the country; The man who lost his land has never heard of anyone treating him as the head of the household.

What about those poor vagrants? If they don't listen to them and behave unsatisfied, they put on their shoes and leave. How can they not be poor? "Wei was hit and apologized. 128 Xue Cunyi, a native of Hedong, is leaving here. I have prepared wine and meat and rushed to the river to see him off.

And said to Xue Cunyi, "Do you know the duties of local officials? They are public servants of the people, not slaves of the people. People who farm for a living spend one-tenth of their income to hire officials, with the aim of asking officials to do things fairly for themselves.

Nowadays, officials all take people's money, and those who don't work well for them are everywhere in the world. They just don't get things done well, but they also embezzle and extort people's property.

If you hire a servant at home and he accepts your reward, but he doesn't work well and steals your property, then you will be angry and have to drive him away and punish him. Most officials are like this now, but ordinary people dare not vent them and expel them like lazy servants who steal things. What is the reason? This is because the situation and status of civilian officials and master servants are different.

Although the situation and status are different, the reason is the same. How should we treat our people? People who know this truth can be vigilant and not afraid! Xue Cunyi has been acting as the agent of Lingling County for two years. During this time, he got up early in the morning to do things, and he was still thinking about problems at night. He was diligent and did his best.

Make the litigants get fair treatment; Let taxpayers get a fair burden. No matter young or old, he didn't show deception or hatred, which proves that he really didn't take the people's money for nothing. He knows how terrible it is to work for the people and blackmail their property.

I am now a relegated person with a low status. I can't participate in evaluating the merits of officials' political achievements and put forward opinions on whether they should be promoted or lowered; So, when Xue Cunyi was about to leave, I said goodbye to him and wrote this preface. During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty (129), Guo Decheng was the commander-in-chief of Xiaoqi at that time. Once in the Forbidden City, the emperor put two ingots of gold in his sleeve and said, "Don't let anyone see my brother when you go back."

Guo Decheng respectfully agreed. When he walked out of the palace gate, he put gold in his boots and pretended to be drunk. When he took off his boots, he revealed the hidden gold. The gatekeeper told the emperor about it.

The emperor said, "I gave it to him." Some people questioned Guo Decheng's practice. Guo Decheng said, "Isn't it theft to go out in a heavily guarded place like Jiuguan in the palace where gold is hidden?" Besides, my sister lives in the palace as an imperial concubine, and I have to go in and out from time to time. Who knows if the emperor is testing me? "Everyone listened and admired his knowledge.

130 Fang Xiaoru, born in Xizhi, also known as Xigu, is from Ninghai. Fang Xiaoru was alert and agile when he was young. His eyes are bright and he reads more than an inch every day.

He studied under Song Lian as an adult, and none of the famous students in Song Lian is better than him. Fang Xiaoru often takes it as his duty to clarify what happened to the king and gain that the world is bigger than the world.

In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, he was summoned by Dazu on the recommendation of Wu Shen and Xiekuang. Grandfather appreciated his earnest behavior and said to his eldest son, "This is a talented person with dignity. You have to use him until you are old. "

Then send him home according to etiquette. Twenty-five years later, he was called to court because of the recommendation of others.

Dazu said: "Now is not the time to appoint Fang Xiaoru." He went to Huidi to be emperor, was recruited as an assistant minister of Hanlin, and was promoted to a bachelor's degree in poetry the following year, and was invited by important political emperors all over the country.

Hui Di likes reading. Whenever he meets a problem, he will be called to explain. When officials are in court, and it is difficult to make a decision, the emperor sometimes asks Fang Xiaoru to write a reply before demotion.

Yan Bing's insurrection, the court's decision and the imperial edict and military orders all came from him. In the third year of his reign, Yan Bing invaded Daming Mansion.

In May of the following year, Yan Bing arrived in Jiangbei, and the emperor issued a letter to collect four armies. Fang Xiaoru said, "It's urgent.

Immediately send someone to promise them to cede the land and delay for a few days. Waiting for the troops recruited in the southeast to assemble quickly. The northern army is not good at fighting with ships, and the outcome of the Yangtze River War may not be known in the end. "

The emperor ordered the generals to concentrate their warships on the Yangtze River, but Chen Jike led the warships to surrender to Yan Bing, and Yan Bing crossed the Yangtze River. It was a small P day in June.

The emperor was very worried about this, and some people advised the main emperor to take refuge in other places and try to revive it. Fang filial piety tried his best to hold the capital and wait for reinforcements. If things don't succeed, he is determined to devote himself to social welfare.

On the day of Ugly B, Yan Bing went into town and Emperor Wen Jian set himself on fire? On this day, Fang Xiaoru was arrested and imprisoned. Before that, when he sent troops to Peiping, Yao entrusted Fang Xiaoru to Xianzu and said to him, "Fang Xiaoru will never surrender. I hope you don't kill him.

Kill Fang Xiaoru, the world reading atmosphere will be cut off. "Cheng zu nodded and agreed to him.

At this time, Cheng Zu asked him to draft a letter. After being called to the palace, his sad cries echoed inside and outside the palace, and Cheng Zu stepped down and sat down to persuade him.