The Main Contents of Eighteen Sections of Confucius' Family

Ceng Zi said: "It is easy for a teacher to see a good man and forget all his shortcomings." He is approachable and easy to get along with. He always takes advantage of others, even if there is only one advantage, he admires and imitates this advantage, no matter what shortcomings others have. "Teachers easily forget all their shortcomings." Everyone can feel that he can always affirm the advantages of others, praise others and help others. People also like to be close to him. Teachers should make students like to be close, and we can't teach if they are far away from us, especially if we look at a classmate with colored glasses, he won't dare to approach us.

"If you are kind to others, you will be as happy as yourself when you see the merits contributed by others. The host is not jealous. No arrogance, no prejudice against people, and then no jealousy. "It's a master's struggle", you don't argue with others. Be happy and affirm the advantages and strengths of others. This is the second advantage observed by Ceng Zi.

Third, "if you smell good, you must do it yourself and guide it." This is very valuable, "it is the ability of a master." When a master smells the classics, the kind words of others, the good deeds of others, and smells them, he will personally practice this teaching, which is an advantage; I made it myself, "I'm doing it"; What if you did? Instruct the students. Do it again, saint.

And if he wants to do it, he will make great efforts to cure his shortcomings. We must stick to it today, and of course we must get rid of this habit of having a fever for five minutes. We must think of others today and get rid of selfishness. If we want to be modest today, we must get rid of arrogance; If you can always be sure of others, you must get rid of jealousy. Isn't it easy to get rid of these bad habits? However, the master tries his best to smell good deeds and then guide the children. He is a good example for his students. It is not easy to be a good teacher. Who are you going to work on? As far as he is concerned, Confucius' attitude towards learning can be seen from here. Once Zigong criticized people, Confucius said to Luz, "Luz, are you very virtuous?" I have no time to criticize others. I don't have time to cure my habits just by trying to cultivate my own virtues. You still have time to criticize people. "You can also feel the master's persistence in his moral study.

So who should you learn from if you want to be a good student? Use Confucius. So Confucius became the most sacred teacher, because he was the best student of ancient sages and kings. Where did you see it? In The Analects of Confucius, Confucius said that he was "not full of words" and he didn't create his own inventions. What he said was the teachings of ancient sages, and he was very honest and obedient. He has no doubt about the teachings of ancient sages and kings, and this "goodness" is forgetting to eat and sleep, so he is very happy. "Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy." He never gets tired of it.

Someone asked Luz, "What kind of person is Confucius?" Lutz couldn't answer. Confucius told him afterwards, why didn't you tell that person that I "worked so hard to forget to eat" and studied so hard that I forgot to eat; "I am very happy to forget my troubles", and I am also very happy to study. "It's not bad to learn to practice." I forgot my age. "I don't know how old I am. Have you read it? Have you forgotten how old you are? Ok, I forgot how old I am, and I don't even need to buy skin care products.

Confucius became a saint because he was eager to learn. The master said that in a small village where ten families lived, he was sure to find someone with almost the same virtue and faithfulness. However, despite his good qualities, he is not eager to learn. With good qualities, he needs self-cultivation and self-study to become a gentleman and saint.

Confucius is very studious. Where is studious? In addition, the Analects of Confucius said that "food is the most important thing for a gentleman". On the first day, Teacher Zhen Chen said, don't misunderstand this sentence: Alas, there is no place to study without food. That's not what I meant. I just don't pay attention to it. I'll be satisfied if I use enough. All his spirits are constantly improving themselves and deepening the classics. "If you don't have enough to eat, it's not safe to live." When you have the right methods, you are eager to learn. "So he won't pursue his own desires and be satisfied with happiness, and then he will study hard and implement it in everything and every sentence." You have the right method ",he will take the initiative to ask for advice whenever he has the opportunity, which is a kind of studious performance.

In the attitude of learning, the master mentioned that he didn't eat all day, "all day". He stayed up all night thinking about it. It seems that there is nothing to gain, so it is better to read the Bible. Because we are thinking about some things, sometimes we will think about classics with our own persistence, and separating these ideas may lead to partial solutions. It is better to read the Bible and look at these sages who have entered the realm of sages through the ages. You can better understand the classics. Here we are told to take the classics as a teacher and the law as a teacher, otherwise it is "practicing, not learning literature, being self-righteous and not knowing the truth". If we think wrong, we will be in trouble. When we think wrong, we tell others, teach students and mislead them. Therefore, our own life experience should be compared with the classics before we talk about it, otherwise sometimes our experience may not correspond to sexual morality, and we don't know.

The master also taught that learning must be very active. The master said, "I don't say what I am, but I end up with what I am." What should I do about this "harmony" What should I do? When a person encounters something, he will not take the initiative to think about it. What should I do? How can we break through? He chickened out, so he gave up. Then such a person is like an idiot who can't help him. No one can help him. So you should take the initiative to learn, be shameless, and have the perseverance to break through the habit. Don't flinch when you encounter difficulties, but take the initiative to break through.

Master is a student, and his teaching style is first and foremost his example. The master is wise and teaches students in accordance with their aptitude. Confucius is wise, so he can grasp the essence of education: "Filial piety is also the foundation of virtue", which are all manifestations of his wisdom.

"Benevolence" means that the master is kind and virtuous. Therefore, students all call him Wen, gentle, kind, respectful, frugal and self-effacing, which shows his virtue and benevolence.

"Courage", where is the master's courage? "If you pass, don't be afraid to change." As long as you find your own shortcomings and deficiencies, you should change them immediately and have the courage. Moreover, the master's courage lies in his sense of mission to inherit the tradition. He was not afraid when his life was in danger. He said that God wants this tradition to be passed down and no one can hurt me. He has the courage to undertake the inheritance of the whole national culture.

The first is to set an example, and the second is the compassion of the master. He teaches tirelessly and never feels tired. As long as the student is good, he is happiest. Third, Confucius always guides students to make up their minds, so that he can have a learning goal. Confucius once asked Yan Hui and Luz, "How embarrassing it is to talk about your ambitions. Teacher, do you have a class? Really? (Audience: Yes. ) It's not easy. Like a master, learning must first have a goal. Then, you have to have fundamental motivation. When you have a goal, what is the motivation? Filial piety, sense of responsibility, sense of mission. Therefore, it can be seen that the master attaches importance to determination, and his ambition is to set an example for students. The master said that his ambition was "old people are safe, friends believe, and few people are pregnant." "I hope that the elderly can enjoy their old age; Friends and couples can be honest with each other; Then the next generation can get our love and teaching, and let them cherish our care for them.

Fourth, there is no division in master teaching. As long as he is willing to study, he will not accept any children, and then he will become a person and a student. The master didn't give up any students. Once a child came from a village with a particularly bad atmosphere. As a result, the child came to ask for advice, and other students said, "Master, why did you teach him?" The quality there is not good, and it is a waste of time for you to tell him. "The master will tell the students what he used to be like, so you should be tolerant. I teach him now because he has a learning attitude, so I will try my best to teach him. As for his future, "the master leads the door, and the practice depends on the individual." I will cherish my fate with him, teaching regardless of rank. There is no one who is disrespectful and does not teach.

Again, the master teaches students in accordance with their aptitude, and the students ask how to be filial. The master's answers are all different. How to be a gentleman? The master's answers are all different. It's all because he knows his students very well and gives him the most suitable teaching. It's all well-intentioned It is compassion to know the student's situation, and wisdom to answer his questions. Therefore, being a teacher is both sad and wise.

Sixth, Master can seize the opportunity to remind students of their mistakes. Ran Qiu is his student. One day, he said to him, "Master, it's not that I don't admire your avenue. I am not competent enough to learn. " Master told him, "I can't learn, and I don't have enough strength, but I don't feel strong enough in the middle." You haven't done it yet. You set a limit for yourself. You are not incompetent. "

Seventh, masters are also good at teaching. Once he went to Wucheng, where his students swam to be officials. As soon as he entered, he heard people playing guqin and the sound of these strings. The master was surprised that such a small county town actually used Li Avenue for education, so he blurted out, "How to cut a chicken?" In fact, the master is so happy, and he is so happy to see the students being so well managed here. When people learn these rituals and musical approaches, they will be able to abide by the laws and leadership of the country. "Listen to the teacher, ziyou right? Yes, he taught him. In fact, the master happened to be so happy that he accidentally made a joke. But his students immediately said cautiously, "Master, you taught me this. "The master immediately said," Ah, Ziyou was right, but I was wrong when I was joking. "He immediately apologized, this is called teaching and learning.