How to speed up the reform and development of supply and marketing cooperatives

The nature of supply and marketing cooperatives, including the nature of cooperatives and the nature of supply and marketing cooperatives; The status of supply and marketing cooperatives has always been between the government, the market and farmers, and its status is "official, business and people"; The functions of supply and marketing cooperatives include exercising some functions authorized by the government, undertaking tasks entrusted by the government, acting as a bridge and link between the party and the government and farmers, guiding farmers to enter the market in an organized way, promoting the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas, and performing functions such as guidance, coordination, supervision, service, education and training. The task of supply and marketing cooperatives is to establish and improve the socialized agricultural service system, provide comprehensive services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, guide farmers to enter the market in an organized way, solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in buying and selling, constantly meet the actual needs of farmers in all aspects of production and life, promote rural economic development and improve farmers' income level, and form a unified interest relationship with farmers, thus truly becoming a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the party and the government and farmers, accelerate the construction of modern commercial networks, and give full play to its role in rural areas. The role of supply and marketing cooperatives is the bridge and link between the party and the government to contact farmers, the indispensable assistant of the government to serve "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", the special carrier for the government to help farmers realize their own interests, the important force to prosper rural economy, and the backbone force to connect urban and rural markets and promote urban and rural economic and social development.

First, the nature of supply and marketing cooperatives

Supply and marketing cooperatives are a type of cooperatives and a popular cooperative organization in the world at present.

Cooperative refers to a non-profit enterprise form established in accordance with the principle of cooperation in order to optimize the economic interests of members (units or individuals).

1995 International Cooperative Alliance 3 1 Congress made the following definition in principle: A cooperative is an autonomous organization that people voluntarily unite to meet the economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations of its members through enterprises owned and democratically controlled by * * *.

In order to accurately understand this definition, the International Cooperative Alliance also elaborated on this:

1. Cooperatives are autonomous organizations, as far as possible independent of the government and private enterprises.

2. Cooperatives are "people's associations". Many grass-roots cooperatives in the world only allow a single "natural person" to join, but joint cooperatives allow "legal persons" to join, including companies. Usually, the members of a cooperative are other cooperatives.

3. People's Association is "voluntary", and its members can join and quit freely within the scope of the cooperative's goals and resources.

4. "Meet the economic, social and cultural needs of * * *", emphasizing that cooperatives are organized by members and take members as the center. The demand of members is the main purpose of cooperatives.

5. Cooperatives are enterprises owned and democratically controlled by * * *, and the ownership of cooperatives belongs to all members on a democratic basis.

In explaining the principles of cooperatives, the articles of association point out that participation in cooperatives should be voluntary; Cooperatives are democratic organizations and implement democratic elections and management; The surplus of the cooperative belongs to all members, and after deducting the development fund, it is distributed according to the proportion of business dealings among members; Strengthen cooperative education and actively develop contacts and cooperation between regions and countries.

As a mass economic organization, cooperatives have their own unique organizational principles and articles of association. All members who join the cooperative must abide by these principles, act in accordance with the articles of association, fulfill their due obligations and enjoy their due rights. A cooperative also has a clear purpose and purpose, otherwise it is not a cooperative.

To sum up, a cooperative is not only a production or business enterprise with legal personality, that is, a sexual (cooperative) economic organization, but also a mass (autonomous) community organization. Its characteristics are: voluntary union, * * * ownership, democratic control, to meet their own needs.

What is a social group? The Regulation on the Administration of Registration of Social Organizations (the State Council Order [1998] No.250) defines: "A social organization refers to a non-profit social organization that is voluntarily formed by citizens of China and carries out activities in accordance with its articles of association in order to achieve the consent of its members." The characteristics of cooperatives, such as voluntary association, meeting the consent of members, activities in accordance with the articles of association, and non-profit autonomous organizations, all conform to the definition of social groups.

The Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives defines: "Farmers' specialized cooperatives are mutual-aid economic organizations that producers and operators of similar agricultural products or providers and users of similar agricultural production and operation services voluntarily unite and democratically manage on the basis of contracted management by farmers. Here, the definition of a cooperative is "a mutual economic organization with voluntary association and democratic management". It also embodies the unity of economic organizations and community organizations. Among them, "mutual economic organizations" are "non-profit economic organizations".

There are many types of cooperatives, including production cooperatives, circulation cooperatives, consumption cooperatives and service cooperatives.

Supply and marketing cooperatives in the traditional sense belong to a kind of circulation cooperatives. Supply and marketing cooperatives refer to cooperatives that purchase various means of production and sell products of their members at the same time to meet their various production needs. It is a popular international cooperation organization at present. There are two modes of operation of supply and marketing cooperatives, one is to specialize in supply business, and the other is to sell agricultural products or daily industrial products.

The supply and marketing cooperatives in the new period of reform and opening up are not only the nature of circulation cooperatives. The Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (Zhong Fa [1995] No.5) authorizes the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives to "represent China cooperatives in various activities of the International Cooperative Alliance". The State Council's Opinions on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (Guo Fa No.200940 document, referred to as Guo Ban No.40 document) affirms: "After years of reform and development, supply and marketing cooperatives are changing from the traditional mode of operation to the modern circulation format, from the simple purchase and sale business to the comprehensive management service, and from the single supply and marketing cooperation to the comprehensive cooperation in many fields. It will become a new rural cooperative economic organization that gives full play to its management and service functions and constantly embodies its public service functions. We will strive to become the backbone of agricultural socialization service, the leading force of modern rural circulation, the driving force of farmers' professional cooperation, and truly become farmers' cooperative economic organizations.

China supply and marketing cooperatives are collective ownership cooperative economic organizations with farmers as the main body. This is the definition of the nature of supply and marketing cooperatives in the Constitution of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (revised for the second time by the Fourth Congress of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives on June 30, 2005).

The definition of the nature of supply and marketing cooperatives in the Constitution of All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives is based on the Decision of the Central Committee of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (Zhong Fa [1995] No.5).

Document No.5 of the Central Committee clearly pointed out: "Supply and marketing cooperatives are cooperative economic organizations of farmers." "Under the leadership of the party and the government, it is the fundamental goal of deepening reform and the key to the success of reform to truly turn supply and marketing cooperatives into farmers' cooperative economic organizations. To achieve this goal, the most important thing is to achieve three adherences: we must adhere to the collective ownership nature of supply and marketing cooperatives. We must adhere to the purpose of providing comprehensive services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We must adhere to the principles of voluntariness, mutual benefit, democracy and equal cooperation. " Various forms of management responsibility system should be implemented within supply and marketing cooperatives, but "no matter which management responsibility system is implemented, the nature of collective ownership should not be changed." "Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels are mass economic organizations that operate independently, are responsible for their own profits and losses, have independent accounting, pay taxes according to regulations, and are democratically managed by their members. They have the status of independent legal persons and enjoy the autonomy to independently carry out economic and social activities according to law. " The operating mechanism of supply and marketing cooperatives must be based on the principles of not benefiting members, integrating with farmers, enjoying interests, taking risks, linking interests and promoting agriculture together. "According to the principle of voluntariness, strive for a wider range of farmers to join cooperatives, fully reflect their mass" and "make supply and marketing cooperatives truly reflect the nature of farmers' cooperative economic organizations". ""according to democratic principles, straighten out the internal management system of supply and marketing cooperatives. " "Leading members shall be democratically elected, employees shall be recruited by contract, major decisions shall be made through democratic consultation, and management shall be subject to democratic supervision, fully embodying democracy. Implement democratic management and supervision to ensure farmers' due rights in the activities of supply and marketing cooperatives.

It can be clearly seen from the above statement that the Central Document No.5 stipulates that supply and marketing cooperatives are "economic organizations" of farmers, collective ownership, the masses, democracy and cooperation, and are the organic unity of economic organizations and mass organizations.

Second, the status quo of supply and marketing cooperatives

Judging from the development process of supply and marketing cooperatives since the founding of the People's Republic of China, supply and marketing cooperatives have always been between the government, the market and farmers, and their status is "official, businessman and citizen".

It is well-founded to say that supply and marketing cooperatives are "officials".

At the beginning of its establishment, supply and marketing cooperatives were "government-run" cooperatives. It takes state-owned economy as the main body, collective economy as the supplement, and private economy accounts for a small part. In the planned economy period, supply and marketing cooperatives were basically state-owned enterprises. Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels are part of the government, which are combined with the commercial bureau separately, sometimes called the second commercial bureau. Almost all the enterprises under the jurisdiction of cooperatives at all levels are state-owned enterprises, which are the main channels for the supply of urban and rural necessities, consumer goods and agricultural means of production. The cadres of the supply and marketing cooperatives were all "national cadres" at that time.

After the reform and opening up, the No.5 document of the Central Committee stipulated: "According to the principle of separating politics from society, supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels will withdraw from the sequence of government administrative agencies. According to actual needs, they can undertake tasks entrusted by the government, exercise certain functions authorized by the government, and attend relevant government meetings as nonvoting delegates. The government guides, coordinates, supports and supervises them according to laws and policies. " The Notice of the State Council on Solving Some Outstanding Problems of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (Guo Fa [1999] No.5 Document) points out: "The All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives and the provincial, city (prefecture) level cooperatives should vigorously streamline their institutions, reduce staff and reduce swelling, and the required funds should be included in the financial budget at the same level, and management fees should not be drawn from the enterprises they run." The State Council Document No.40 clearly pointed out: "Governments at all levels should actively create conditions to entrust or entrust the tasks and functions that can be undertaken by supply and marketing cooperatives according to actual needs. In the case of strict approval of personnel, the required funds are included in the fiscal budget at the same level. For joint institutions that are not managed by the Civil Service Law, all localities should formulate management measures in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and in light of actual conditions. " The Implementation Opinions of Liaoning Provincial People's Government on Accelerating the Reform and Development of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives (document Liao [20 10]26) emphasizes: "The personnel of cooperative organizations at or above the county level shall be managed according to the Civil Service Law, and the required funds shall be included in the financial budget at the same level (including retirees). For county-level joint institutions that have not been managed by the Civil Service Law, the financial and personnel departments at all levels should go through relevant procedures as soon as possible in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. " ?

It can be clearly seen from the provisions of the above-mentioned documents that supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels who have withdrawn from the sequence of government administrative agencies can still undertake the tasks entrusted by the government and exercise some functions authorized by the government. Moreover, the staff of cooperative organizations at or above the county level are managed according to the Civil Service Law, and the required funds are included in the fiscal budget at the same level, which is still a veritable "official".

There is no doubt that supply and marketing cooperatives are "enterprises".

From the planned economy period to today's reform and opening up, supply and marketing cooperatives have never left the field of commercial circulation.

During the planned economy period, the supply and marketing cooperatives mainly engaged in cotton and linen, local products and sundries, daily necessities, meat, eggs, poultry, aquatic products, fruits and tea, agricultural means of production, and recycling of waste materials. , also engaged in agricultural and sideline products. Commercial outlets spread all over urban and rural areas, with a wide business scope, and are the main channels for supplying urban and rural daily necessities, consumer goods and agricultural means of production.

After the reform and opening up, supply and marketing cooperatives have experienced a tortuous process from high tide to low tide and then to revitalization and development, but they have never been separated from the field of business circulation.

At present, the State Council entrusts the supply and marketing cooperatives with the task of building a new network project, that is, speeding up the construction of modern circulation network of supply and marketing cooperatives, including speeding up the development of modern management service network of agricultural means of production, modern management network of rural consumer goods, modern purchase and sale network of agricultural and sideline products, and recycling network of renewable resources, promoting the construction of modern circulation service network in new countryside as a whole, opening up urban and rural markets, promoting the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas, ensuring market supply, and striving to become the leading force of modern circulation in rural areas. These jobs belong to the field of commercial circulation.

It is said that supply and marketing cooperatives are "people" and the history has evolved to this day.

"Supply and marketing cooperatives are farmers' cooperative economic organizations." This is clearly stipulated in Document No.5 of the Central Committee and the State Council. Since the establishment of the supply and marketing cooperatives in the 1950s, farmers have joined the cooperatives. Nowadays, the supply and marketing cooperatives have led farmers to set up various types of farmers' professional cooperatives, cultivated and developed the team of farmers' brokers, "improved the degree of farmers' organization", "led thousands of farmers in Qian Qian to the market", "solved the problem of farmers' difficulty in buying and selling", "maintained close economic ties with farmers' members, and gradually formed the same interests", Don't make profits for members, form the same interest body with farmers, take risks, be anxious about farmers' needs, think about farmers' thoughts and do what farmers need, constantly meet farmers' actual needs in many aspects of production and life, and make farmers get more benefits.

As can be seen from the above, supply and marketing cooperatives are farmers' cooperative economic organizations, forming the same interests with farmers, enjoying benefits and taking risks. There is no doubt that they are "people".

Three. Functions of supply and marketing cooperatives

Document No.5 of the Central Committee stipulates: "The All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives is a joint organization of supply and marketing cooperatives nationwide, under the leadership of the State Council. Its functions and tasks are: to study and formulate the development strategy and planning of the national supply and marketing cooperatives, and to guide the development and reform of the national supply and marketing cooperatives; According to the authorization of the government, organize, coordinate and manage important agricultural means of production and agricultural and sideline products; Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels; Coordinate relations with relevant departments, guide the business activities of the national supply and marketing cooperatives, and promote the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas; To publicize and implement the principles and policies of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on rural economic work; Participate in the activities of the International Cooperative Alliance on behalf of China Cooperatives. " This is also the general framework for determining the functions of supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels in the country.

Document No.5 of the Central Committee also clearly pointed out: "At present, China's agriculture and rural economy are developing in the direction of socialist market economy, and farmers urgently demand to provide various economic, technical and information services to jointly enter the market. The state also needs to strengthen the guidance and regulation of the rural economy. Supply and marketing cooperatives should play a role in these aspects and take responsibility. " This is also a definition of the functions of supply and marketing cooperatives. The central government requires supply and marketing cooperatives to "play a role and take responsibility" in the state's efforts to strengthen the guidance and regulation of the rural economy, "actively provide comprehensive and serialized economic and technical services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and guide farmers to enter the market in an organized manner." It is clearly stated in the document that supply and marketing cooperatives should "truly become a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the party and the government and the peasants".

Document No.5 of the Central Committee stipulates: "According to the principle of separation of politics and society, supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels withdraw from the sequence of government administrative agencies. According to actual needs, they can undertake tasks entrusted by the government, exercise certain functions authorized by the government, and attend relevant government meetings as nonvoting delegates. The government guides, coordinates, supports and supervises them according to laws and policies. "

Document No.5 of the Central Committee also requires: "Governments at all levels should attach importance to the role of supply and marketing cooperatives and give consideration to their economic interests. Supply and marketing cooperatives should actively undertake and complete the commercial and social service tasks entrusted by the state with good quality and quantity. The tasks entrusted by the government should ensure the provision of necessary funds, and the resulting policy losses should be compensated. Supply and marketing cooperatives undertake the national reserve task of important agricultural products and agricultural means of production, and the required funds shall be handled in accordance with relevant state regulations. "

In 2004, the Central Committee 1 document pointed out: "Deepen the reform of supply and marketing cooperatives and give play to their role in driving farmers into the market."

In 2005, the Central Committee 1 pointed out: "Pay attention to the role of supply and marketing cooperatives in the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of means of production."

In 2006, the Central Committee 1 document pointed out: "Supply and marketing cooperatives should innovate service methods, extensively carry out joint operations and cooperative operations, speed up the construction of modern business networks, and provide services for the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of farmers' means of production and subsistence. "

In 2007, the Central Committee 1 document pointed out: "Supply and marketing cooperatives should promote the opening of cooperatives, develop joint and cooperation, and improve their operational vitality and market competitiveness."

In 2008, the Central Committee 1 document pointed out: "Supply and marketing cooperatives should speed up organizational innovation and business innovation, and promote the construction of modern circulation network project in new countryside."

In 2009, the State Council Document No.40 clearly stated: "Cooperatives at all levels should conscientiously perform the functions of guidance, coordination, supervision, service, education and training."

According to the above documents, the functions of supply and marketing cooperatives can be summarized as follows:

1, exercise some functions authorized by the government, and organize, coordinate and manage important agricultural means of production and management of agricultural and sideline products according to the authorization of the government;

2. Undertake the tasks entrusted by the government, and actively undertake and complete the business and social service tasks entrusted by the state with good quality and quantity;

3. As a bridge and link between the Party and the government and farmers, actively provide all-round and serialized economic and technical services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and provide services for the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of farmers' means of production and living;

4. Guide farmers to enter the market in an organized way and promote the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas;

5 to perform the functions of guidance, coordination, supervision, service, education and training.

Four, the task of supply and marketing cooperatives

The development of modern agriculture requires supply and marketing cooperatives to give full play to the advantages of complete organizational system, actively participate in the construction of new agricultural socialized service system, promote agricultural industrialization and improve the degree of farmers' organization; To build a new socialist countryside, supply and marketing cooperatives are required to give full play to the advantages of taking root at the grass-roots level, widely condense all kinds of social resources, vigorously carry out comprehensive services in rural communities, and continuously improve the quality of life of farmers; Expanding domestic demand requires supply and marketing cooperatives to give full play to the advantages of circulation network covering urban and rural areas, accelerate the construction of modern circulation service network in new countryside, improve rural consumption environment, open up rural markets, and promote urban and rural economic and social development as a whole.

(a) around the establishment and improvement of agricultural socialization service system, to provide comprehensive services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

As a cooperative economic organization of farmers, the main task of supply and marketing cooperatives is to establish and improve the agricultural socialized service system and do a good job in serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. Supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels should give priority to serving agriculture, and all activities should focus on establishing and improving the socialized agricultural service system and doing a good job in serving agriculture, rural areas and farmers. We must adhere to the purpose of providing comprehensive services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Supply and marketing cooperatives shoulder the heavy responsibility of providing systematic socialized services for rural economy, agricultural production and farmers' lives. It is necessary to further change from a simple purchase and sale organization to a comprehensive service organization for rural economy, and actively provide all-round and serialized economic and technical services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers.

(2) Guide farmers to enter the market in an organized way to solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in buying and selling.

Guide farmers to enter the market in an organized way, do what one household can't do or can't do well, connect the decentralized management of thousands of households with the big market, drive thousands of households to establish agricultural products commodity bases and non-staple food bases serving cities one after another, promote agricultural industrialization, improve the degree of farmers' organization, and lead thousands of farmers to the market, open up markets, expand their operations, and solve the problem of farmers' difficulty in buying and selling. The state encourages supply and marketing cooperatives and other agricultural production and operation organizations engaged in the purchase and sale of agricultural products to provide market information, open up circulation channels for agricultural products and serve the sales of agricultural products.

(3) Continuously meet the actual needs of farmers in all aspects of production and life, and promote rural economic development and increase farmers' income level.

According to the needs of farmers' production and life, supply and marketing cooperatives should be anxious about farmers' needs, think about farmers' thoughts, meet farmers' needs, and constantly meet the actual needs of farmers in many aspects of production and life, so that agricultural production can better meet the market demand and farmers can get more benefits. As long as it is conducive to meeting the needs of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, supply and marketing cooperatives should actively do it according to law to promote rural economic development and improve farmers' income level.

Supply and marketing cooperatives have the comprehensive advantages of contacting farmers, numerous industries and being familiar with the market. Conditional social enterprises should actively participate in agricultural industrialization. Guide social enterprises to form a closer interest relationship with farmers, provide producers with all-round services and return more profits to farmers. Relying on farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations and in accordance with standardized production norms, we will speed up the construction of high-quality agricultural products bases and guide farmers to develop intensive and large-scale production.

(4) forming the same interest subject with farmers has truly become a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the party and the government and farmers.

Supply and marketing cooperatives are farmers' cooperative economic organizations and also undertake some economic and social tasks entrusted by the state. In practical work, we should properly handle the interest relationship between the state and farmers, maintain close economic ties with farmers, and gradually form a community of interests. Closer ties between the Party and the government and farmers have truly become a bridge and link to strengthen the close ties between the Party and the government and farmers. The management mechanism of supply and marketing cooperatives must be based on the principle of not benefiting members, forming common interests with farmers, enjoying interests, taking risks, linking interests and promoting agriculture together.

(five) to speed up the construction of modern business network, give full play to its advantages in the field of rural circulation.

Accelerate the construction of modern circulation network of supply and marketing cooperatives. Attach importance to the role of supply and marketing cooperatives in the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of means of production. Supply and marketing cooperatives should innovate service methods, extensively carry out joint operations and cooperative operations, speed up the construction of modern business networks, and provide services for the circulation of agricultural products and the supply of farmers' means of production and subsistence. It is necessary to speed up the development of modern management service networks for agricultural means of production, modern management networks for rural consumer goods, modern purchase and sale networks for agricultural and sideline products and recycling networks for renewable resources.

(6) Connecting the urban and rural markets and promoting the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas.

Supply and marketing cooperatives should give full play to the advantages of connecting urban and rural markets, make use of existing urban network facilities, strive to open up urban and rural markets, promote urban and rural material exchanges, ensure market supply, and promote urban and rural economic development. It is necessary to expand the business scope and service areas of social enterprises, promote the two-way circulation of industrial and agricultural products, and closely integrate urban and rural industries. Improve the rural consumption environment, explore the rural market, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural economy and society.

(7) Opening wider to the outside world and developing joint and cooperation.

Supply and marketing cooperatives should promote the opening of cooperatives, develop joint and cooperation, improve their operational vitality and market competitiveness, constantly enhance their awareness of market competition, improve their economic benefits, and constantly enhance their strength in serving agriculture. Expand domestic and international markets and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products. We should actively open wider to the outside world, develop foreign economic, trade and technical cooperation, introduce foreign capital, technology and advanced management experience, and constantly increase export to earn foreign exchange.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the role of supply and marketing cooperatives

(A) supply and marketing cooperatives are the bridge and link between the party and the government and farmers.

Under the condition of market economy, the government's management of market subjects and their business services has changed from direct management to indirect management, mainly relying on the intermediary institutions of non-governmental organizations. In order to meet this objective requirement, according to the principle of separation of government and society, supply and marketing cooperatives at all levels have withdrawn from the sequence of government administrative agencies and become special market subjects between the government and farmers, bearing the special functions of the government to regulate the rural circulation market and support farmers to enter the market.

Supply and marketing cooperatives are indispensable assistants for the government to serve agriculture, countryside and farmers. Supply and marketing cooperatives can undertake tasks entrusted by the government according to actual needs, exercise some functions authorized by the government, become a bridge and link between the government and enterprises, and play an irreplaceable role of the government. As a non-governmental organization and a special market subject, supply and marketing cooperatives also enjoy monopoly, franchise and some special rights endowed by the state. Accordingly, under the principle of fair competition, it has the obligation to accept government procurement and sales. The government guides, coordinates, supports and supervises the supply and marketing cooperatives according to laws and policies.

Supply and marketing cooperatives aim at serving members, not making profits, participating in foreign market competition and obtaining economic benefits. They are special economic organizations with the nature of associations and enterprises, aiming at realizing farmers' self-protection and promoting prosperity.

Supply and marketing cooperatives are special carriers for the government to help farmers realize their own interests. Under the condition of market economy, agricultural products are no longer subject to unified purchase and marketing. On the one hand, the "difficulty in selling" agricultural products has become an unquestionable problem; On the other hand, farmers are in a weak group in the market competition, and the "price reduction" of agricultural products in circulation is equivalent to curbing the "bottleneck" of farmers' income increase. In order to help farmers increase their income, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have taken many important measures. For example, agricultural tax reduction and exemption, direct grain subsidies and so on. However, due to the influence of market economy, the benefits brought by these measures are offset by the rising prices of agricultural means of production, and farmers really get little benefits. In this way, the national policy of benefiting farmers has been intercepted by market circulation and has not been implemented on farmers. However, due to the high prices of means of production and other agricultural materials, the cost of agricultural production cannot be reduced, and farmers' income will not increase. Under the condition of market economy and the current national conditions, there must be a bridge and link between the government and farmers, or "media", in order to make farmers rich and build a new socialist countryside. Through it, the government operates the market and puts the policy of enriching farmers and benefiting farmers into the hands of farmers; Through it, farmers can manage the market, realize the market value of agricultural products and increase their income. This market carrier between the government and farmers is the supply and marketing cooperatives. Like state-owned holding enterprises or collective enterprises, they participate in economic operation as market participants. The difference is that it does not aim at maximizing profits in market operation. As a special carrier for the government to regulate the price of rural circulation market, it subsidizes agricultural production in the way of market operation, changing "explicit subsidy (direct subsidy)" into "implicit subsidy" and "blood transfusion" into "hematopoiesis", mobilizing and cultivating farmers' own market awareness and market competitiveness. In other words, supply and marketing cooperatives rely on certain government functions and financial resources to participate in market operation instead of the government and adjust market prices to help farmers increase their income.

(2) Supply and marketing cooperatives are an important force for the prosperity of rural economy.

Document No.5 of the Central Committee fully affirmed: "For more than 40 years, supply and marketing cooperatives have done a lot of work and made important contributions in serving agriculture, promoting the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas, and ensuring market supply." "Practice has proved that agriculture and rural areas are the basis for the survival and development of supply and marketing cooperatives, and supply and marketing cooperatives are an important force for the prosperity of rural economy. Attaching importance to and strengthening supply and marketing cooperatives is beneficial to agriculture, rural areas and farmers; Ignoring and weakening supply and marketing cooperatives will harm agriculture, rural areas and farmers. In this sense, the problem of supply and marketing cooperatives is essentially a problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. " Document No.5 of the State Council pointed out: "With the deepening of rural reform and economic development, the role of supply and marketing cooperatives should be strengthened, not weakened." Document No.40 of the State Council requires that supply and marketing cooperatives should "strive to become the backbone of agricultural socialization service, the leading force of modern rural circulation and the driving force of farmers' professional cooperation. "

(3) Supply and marketing cooperatives are the backbone of linking urban and rural markets and promoting the overall economic and social development of urban and rural areas.

In recent years, the problems of "cheap vegetables hurt farmers" and "expensive vegetables hurt people" have aroused widespread concern in the whole society. The "agricultural supermarket docking" introduced by the supply and marketing cooperative system has been proved to be an effective way to solve the problem through practice. For a long time, supply and marketing cooperatives have played an important role in connecting urban and rural market advantages. In other words, the supply and marketing cooperatives give full play to the role of bridges and ties among the government, farmers, citizens, officials, businessmen and the people, and play the role of "price adjusters" in the field of urban and rural circulation.

The Central Committee and the State Council demanded that "supply and marketing cooperatives should give full play to the advantages of linking urban and rural markets", "strive to open up urban and rural markets", "promote the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas, ensure market supply" and "promote urban and rural economic development". "Supply and marketing cooperatives are required to give full play to the advantages of circulation network covering urban and rural areas, accelerate the construction of modern circulation service network in new rural areas, improve rural consumption environment, open up rural markets, and promote coordinated economic and social development in urban and rural areas." "Accelerate the construction of a new rural modern management service system with efficient operation, complete functions, urban and rural planning, and equal emphasis on industry and trade."