What is the difference between full flipping and partial flipping?

I am quite familiar with full inversion and partial inversion in English. After all, I have passed the CET-4 and CET-6 in one go~~ Let’s go over these two English grammar knowledge points one by one. Breakthrough~~

1. All inversion (complete inversion)

Definition: The subject of an inverted English sentence usually comes before the predicate verb. This word order is called normal word order. But sometimes for rhetorical or special grammatical structure needs, the predicate verb needs to be placed before the subject. This word order is called inverted word order. The complete inversion of subject and predicate is called complete inversion.

The basic form of complete inversion is "predicate + subject", which is mainly seen in the following situations:

1. Inversion when here and there are at the beginning of the sentence: here and here indicate the location When there is at the beginning of a sentence, use the complete inversion form thereafter. The predicate of this type of inverted sentence is usually the verb be and come, go and other intransitive verbs that express movement or dynamics:

For example: Here's Tom.? Tom is here.

Here comes the bus.?The bus is coming. ?

There goes the last train.?The last train left.

2. Inversion when away and down are at the beginning of a sentence: When the adverbs of location away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up, etc. are at the beginning of a sentence, use complete inversion afterwards. word order. The predicate of this type of inverted sentence usually expresses a dynamic intransitive verb:

For example: Away went the runners. The runners ran away.

Round and round flew the plane.

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.? It rained, and the umbrellas were all up.

3. Inversion when certain adverbials or predicates are placed at the beginning of the sentence: In order to maintain the balance of the sentence or make the context more closely connected, sometimes the adverbials or predicates can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, with the subject and predicate in the sentence Completely flipped.

For example: Among these people was his friend Jim.? His friend Jim was among these people.

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.? By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.

4. Inversion where the present participle, past participle or infinitive is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Sometimes for emphasis, the present participle, past participle or infinitive of the predicate part can be placed at the beginning of the sentence to form an inversion:

For example: Buried in the sands was an ancient village.?An ancient village Buried in this sand.

Standing beside the table was his wife.?Standing beside the table was his wife.

2. Partial inversion

Definition: When part of the predicate (usually the auxiliary verb/linking verb be/modal verb) is located in front of the subject, the structure of the sentence is partial. Flip.

Common structures for partial inversion:

1. so/either(nor) means: "also.../nor..." hour.

For example: I have never been to Shanghai. Neither/Nor has she. I have never been to Shanghai, and neither has she.

(Have been to in this sentence means "have been to a certain place", which is the grammatical structure of the present perfect tense. The second sentence is a partial inversion, and neither/nor is used in this sentence. Therefore, it is often paired with partial inversion. Has is mentioned in front of the subject she, while neither and nor remain in their original positions.

)

2. Adverbs or prepositional phrases expressing negative meanings such as never/no/seldom/barely/hardly/scarcely/rarely/little/nowhere/by no means/in no way/at no time are placed in At the beginning of the sentence.

Hardly could I believe my own eyes.? I could hardly believe my own eyes.

(The negative word "hardly" in this sentence is at the beginning of the sentence, so this sentence uses partial inversion. The modal verb is in front of the subject.)

3. Not only. .....but(also).../neither...nor... connects parallel sentences and is at the beginning of the sentence. Note that the sentences after not only/neither and nor should be partially inverted, but the sentences after but (also) should not be inverted.

For example:

Neither have we seen him, and nor have we heard from him. We have neither seen him nor heard from him recently.

(This sentence is a partial inversion, in the sentence "neither...nor..." The two sentences before and after the pattern must use an inverted sentence pattern, so students should pay attention to distinguishing it from the sentence pattern of the previous sentence Not only...but.... This structure can only be used in the previous sentence. Inversion, no need to invert the following sentence)