How is the development of Zhongguancun?

The answer to the origin of Zhongguancun's name is the first IT in China. When Zhongguancun is mentioned, people will immediately associate it with high technology. However, a few decades ago, it was still a desolate cemetery, mostly the tomb of eunuchs. During the Ming Dynasty, eunuchs began to buy "righteous land" in Zhongguancun to form their own burial place. The lonely eunuch who left the palace lived here. Their lives depend on the donation of rich eunuchs. They usually visit the tombs of eunuchs buried here, burn incense and pray. Because eunuchs in Ming and Qing dynasties were called "middle officials", they were called "middle official graves".

Zhongguancun has an original landmark stone tablet with the inscription "Zhongguancun", which was inscribed by Ouyang Zhongshi, a professor at Capital Normal University (located at Zhongguancun North Station in Luxi Greenland).

Zhongguancun has the symbol of Science Park, which is a titanium alloy coated DNA double helix metal sculpture (located in Haidian Huang Zhuang North Station, in the middle of the road).

There is also a saying that since the Ming Dynasty, eunuchs have built temples and old-age manors here, and because they were called "Chinese officials" at that time, they called this place "Chinese official village". Today, in the courtyard to the north of Peking University Physics Building, there is a eunuch temple offering sacrifices and a eunuch statue called Gangbing.

With the changes of history, there have been some appellations that are homophonic with "middle officials", such as Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong, Guan Zhonger and Guan Zhongtun. There are also many legends about how Zhongguancun evolved from a "middle official" to a "middle customs". First of all, it is 19 13, and the use of the place name "Guanzhong" can already be seen on the 25000-scale map of Xijing. People have different views on this title. Some people think that at the end of the Qing Dynasty, when the relevant personnel compiled the map, they changed the map from "elegant" to "Guan Zhong" because it meant that eunuchs were not very good. Others said that when Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her birthday, she built a city gate here to celebrate her birthday, hence the name.

Zhongguancun was officially named after liberation. After liberation, China Academy of Sciences was built here, and it was renamed Zhongguancun at the suggestion of Mr. Chen Yuan, President of Beijing Normal University, because the word "official" was not good. Another story is that when the editorial department of Geography of China, affiliated to the Institute of Geography of China Academy of Sciences, moved to the new address of China Academy of Sciences in 1953, when the first batch of envelopes and stationery were printed at the new address, Yuan Baocheng, the administrative officer in charge of this matter, mistook "Zhongguantun" as "Zhongguancun" in oral communication. At that time, it was in the period of "three evils against five evils", so it was accused of being "wasted" and envelopes were not allowed.

Zhongguancun is a high-tech center in Beijing. It is called "China Silicon Valley", and many people call it "Village" for short.

Geographically, it is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, between the Northwest Third Ring Road and the Northwest Fourth Ring Road.

Many western analysts are optimistic about the future of Zhongguancun, because it is close to Tsinghua University and Peking University, the two most famous universities in China. The important reason is that Stanford University played a similar role in the initial development of Silicon Valley.

Many computer users buy their high-tech supplies here.

Hailong Building is one of the most striking buildings. Because it is called "one store, one store", the price here is easy to negotiate. It mainly deals in hardware compatible with Windows. Users of Apple computers have an Apple Center and an Experience Center.

The word "Zhongguancun" is very famous in the high-tech field in China and even in other fields in China. Introduction to Zhongguancun Science Park Zhongguancun Science Park is the first state-level high-tech industrial development zone in China approved by the State Council in May 2005 1988. Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee, as an agency of the municipal government, exercises unified leadership and management over the park.

65438+1June, 1999, the State Council officially approved the Request of Beijing Municipal Government and Ministry of Science and Technology on Accelerating the Construction of Zhongguancun Science Park, and agreed in principle with the opinions and development plan of speeding up the construction of Zhongguancun Science Park in the request, which is an important strategic decision of China Municipal Government to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and enhance China's innovation ability and comprehensive national strength. Central leaders visited Zhongguancun Science Park for many times to inspect and guide the work.

Zhongguancun Science Park covers the most intensive areas of science and technology, intelligence, talents and information resources in Beijing. There are 39 high-tech colleges, including Tsinghua University, Peking University and China Renmin University, with about 400,000 college students. There are 2 13 scientific research institutions at all levels represented by Chinese Academy of Sciences, including 4 1 National Engineering Center, 42 key laboratories and 0/kloc-0 National Enterprise Technology Center.

After more than ten years' development, Zhongguancun Science Park has now formed a development pattern of one district and eight parks, including Haidian Park, Fengtai Park, Changping Park, Electronic City Science Park, Yizhuang Science Park, Shijingshan Park, Desheng Park and Jianxiang Park. The main function of Haidian Park is the research and development, radiation, incubation and business center of high-tech achievements, and the main function of the other six parks is the development base of high-tech industries. Haidian Park is located in Haidian District, with a planned area of 2 17 square kilometers. Fengtai Park is located in the southern suburb of Fengtai District, and Changping Park is located in the northern suburb of Changping District. As high-tech industrial bases, these two parks each cover an area of 5 square kilometers. Yizhuang Science Park is located at the starting point of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway in the southeast suburb of Beijing, with an area of 7 square kilometers. Electronic City Science and Technology Park is located in Jiuxian Bridge in the northeast suburb of the capital, with an area of 10.5 square kilometers. Desheng Science Park is located in Xicheng District, Beijing, with a planned area of about 6 square kilometers. Jianxiang Garden is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with an area of about 4.2 square kilometers. Shijingshan Garden is a newly-built science and technology park in the middle of Shijingshan District, Beijing. The eight science parks * * * have become high-tech industrial belts with great characteristics and vitality along the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing.

At present, there are more than 1 10,000 high-tech enterprises in the park, including Lenovo, Founder and other well-known domestic enterprises, as well as10.6 million foreign-funded enterprises represented by Nokia, Hewlett-Packard, IBM and Microsoft. Multinational companies have set up 1 12 branches in the park, including 4 R&D institutions1.

In recent years, the Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee has devoted itself to the infrastructure construction of the park. In terms of hardware construction environment, we will increase planning and investment, and accelerate the construction of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Business Center, Science City of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking University Science Park and Tsinghua Science Park through diversified investment and financing. The Development Zone has planned and built a number of specialized industrial bases, such as Zhongguancun Software Park, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Peking University Biological City, Shangdi Information Industry Base and Yongfeng High-tech Industrial Base. Provide industrialization space for the rapid development of high-tech enterprises.

There are picturesque historical sites and natural scenic spots such as the Summer Palace, Yuanmingyuan and Xiangshan in the park, which are very suitable for people to work, live and live.

As the first national high-tech industrial development zone in China, the economic development of Zhongguancun Science Park has maintained a growth rate of 30% in the past decade. In 2004, high-tech enterprises in the park are expected to realize sales revenue of 360 billion yuan, up 25% year-on-year; The tax paid was 65.438+033 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 654.38+065.438+0%; The regional GDP was 76 billion yuan, up 25% year-on-year, equivalent to 18% of Beijing's GDP in that year, which became an important growth source of Beijing's economic development, and a large number of new technology enterprises with independent intellectual property rights emerged. At present, there are more than 14000 high-tech enterprises in the park, and 4268 new high-tech enterprises are born.

In recent years, the number of entrepreneurial enterprises for overseas students has reached more than 2,500, and nearly 6,000 overseas students have been employed.

All kinds of incubators in Zhongguancun Science Park have become the cradle of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the growth of high-tech enterprises. At present, there are 39 incubators in the park, including Zhongguancun International Incubator, Fengtai Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Center (in cooperation with IBI), Haidian Overseas Students Pioneer Park and Tsinghua Science and Technology Park.

Zhongguancun Science Park attaches great importance to the development of international economic and technological cooperation, participates in international economic and trade activities, and uses various international capitals to develop high-tech industries. By the end of 2004, there were more than 65,438 foreign-funded enterprises in the park, accounting for about 65,438 of the total number of enterprises. [Edit this paragraph] The real name and naming of Zhongguancun. The early changes in Zhongguancun were related to the "occupancy" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the later "Science City". China Academy of Sciences was founded in 1949, based on the former Academia Sinica and Peiping Research Institute. The research institutions of Academia Sinica are mainly located in Shanghai and Nanjing. Most of the research institutes of Beiping Research Institute are concentrated in Donghuangchenggen and Sanbeiziyuan (now the zoo) in Beijing. Since June 1950, the headquarters of the Institute has been located at No.3 Jinwen Street on the west edge of Beihai (the former site of the Institute of Static Biology). 1950 in may, after China academy of sciences decided on the establishment plan of research institutes, some southern research institutes had to move to Beijing, and all research institutes in Beijing had to expand their laboratories and offices. At that time, the most urgent task before the leaders of the research institute was to choose a scientific research base with more room for development in Beijing, which was called "permanent campus".

At the beginning of the founding of New China, when the Beijing Urban Planning Commission invited experts to discuss Beijing's future construction planning, the idea of arranging universities in the northwest suburbs had been generally formed.

1950, the Academy of Sciences reported to the State Council that it applied to enclose the Academy of Agricultural Sciences (now China Academy of Agricultural Sciences) in the south of yenching university (now Peking University), but it was not approved. 195 1 10 In the afternoon, the the State Council Municipal Commission of Culture and Education held a meeting in Zhongnanhai. When Zhu Kezhen reported the annual work plan of 195 10 on behalf of the Academy of Sciences, he clearly put forward that priority should be given to the construction of two scientific research buildings in Beijing: the Institute of Modern Physics (later developed into the Institute of Atomic Energy) and the Institute of Geophysics (later developed into the Satellite Design Institute). These two buildings need to be implemented urgently.

The leaders of the Academy of Sciences held a meeting on February 1, thinking that "if the Academy doesn't go to important places, it will fail", so they decided to send a letter to the government committee to apply for the land use plan again.

Two months later, Zhu Kezhen wrote in the diary of attending the president's meeting on April 7: "According to Ding Zan (deputy secretary of the Party Group and deputy director of the General Office of the Academy), both the Culture and Sports Commission and the Capital Planning Commission agreed that the Academy of Sciences could enclose the land of the Western Suburb Agricultural Institute and implement it. You can build new buildings on it. " Specifically, 4,500 mu north of Daniwan and south of Chengfu was approved as the land for the Academy of Sciences.

Peking University, which was originally located in the urban beach area, is also extremely short of land for teaching and living. While the Academy of Sciences allocated land, the new school site approved by Peking University was in the south of the Academy of Sciences, that is, the section from the south of Daniwan to the north of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (now the Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 195 1 At the end of the year, the top government officials decided on the adjustment plan of departments, and Peking University will move to Yanyuan. 195165438+ At the beginning of February, Zeng Zhaolun, Vice Minister of Education and Director of Higher Education Department (formerly Vice President of Peking University), came forward and asked to exchange the land of Peking University with the land of Academy of Sciences (Zhu Diary 65438+February 6 this year). However, it is too late to put forward this proposal now, because the construction plan of the Academy of Sciences has been determined, and the building of the Institute of Modern Physics, as a priority project, has broken ground for more than a month.

After inspecting the site, Wu Han, vice mayor of Beijing, came forward to coordinate. The Academy of Sciences held a meeting of presidents for this purpose. After discussion, it was decided to allocate 1 0,000 mu from the original 4500 mu allocated to the Academy of Sciences to Peking University (Zhu Diary 65438+ February 8 this year).

1952 In February, the large-scale construction of Zhongguancun Science City was in full swing. In the same year, Peking University, Yanda University and Tsinghua University established three school construction committees, and decided to use the "land reduction" of the Academy of Sciences to build staff dormitories. First, the first apartment, then the adjacent bungalows, then the second and third apartments. This land was later called "Guanzhong Garden".

After all, the first modern science experimental building in Science City is the Institute of Modern Physics. The Institute was established in May 1950, and later renamed as the Institute of Atomic Energy in July 1958, so the building was later called "Atomic Energy Building".

Although the "permanent site" was determined in 195 1, when describing the location of the new building in Zhu Kezhen's diary, Tsinghua, Lanqiying and Fu Bao Temple were taken as the reference sites first, and then the "western suburb" was taken as the reference.

The origin of the name "Zhongguancun" is related to "Guanzhong" residential area. In different times and occasions, there are different opinions, such as Zhong Gong, Guan Zhong, Guan Zhong, Zhongguancun, Guan Zhong Er, Guan Zhong Cun and Guan Zhong Tun. This may be related to the eunuch temples and tombs in this area and its surrounding areas in history. Although China officials have various meanings, they were used to address eunuchs in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

During the Kangxi period, there was a book "Old News of the Sun", which recorded the records and materials of all parts of Beijing, but there was no account of Zhongguancun. In the years after the publication of this book, large-scale buildings and imperial homestead forests began to be built in the northwest suburb of Beijing, adding many new scenes to Beijing. Gan Long instructed a group of scholars to supplement and revise Old News of the Sun, and wrote Old News of the Sun. Compared with Old News of the Sun, the book includes Changchun Garden, Yuanmingyuan Garden, Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace), Jingming Garden (Yuquan Mountain) and Jingyi Garden (Xiangshan Mountain) in the newly added "Country Garden" section, and describes the Yuanmingyuan section in detail. In addition, in the "suburb" part, a lot of descriptions about the scenery around Yuanmingyuan have been added. Among them, Haidian, Huang Zhuang (now Huang Zhuang), Lanqiying, Fu Bao Temple and Chenfu Village (now Chengfu) are all in the south of Yuanmingyuan. The authors of these descriptions made a serious field trip to the surrounding area now called Zhongguancun.

The Huang Zhuang listed in the book may be the imperial palace that produced grain for the imperial court in the Ming Dynasty, but it was abolished in the Qing Dynasty. Fu Bao Temple, a temple built in the Ming Dynasty, was once presided over by a famous monk. There are towers, clocks and monuments in the temple, and incense may be quite prosperous for a while. What really rises with Yuanmingyuan is Lanqiying and Chenfu Village. Lanqi Camp is the "Zhenglanqi Barracks" to protect the safety of Yuanmingyuan. Blue Flag, one of the Eight Banners, is a military organization formed by Manchu people in history. There were Taoist buildings in Chenfu Village in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it became the home of Prince Cheng, the 11th son of Qianlong, and the place name was changed to "Chengfu Village", which was very popular before the Yuanmingyuan was destroyed. Haidian Town was the main traffic artery from Beijing to the northwest in Jin Dynasty. After the imperial city was established in Yuan Dynasty, it once declined due to the eastward movement of the northbound artery. Due to the construction of royal gardens in Qing Dynasty, it developed into a commercial market town with a considerable number of non-agricultural population.

With the rapid growth of the population in the surrounding areas, the gap between these "developed areas" is most likely to become a cemetery to find a way out for the dead. The "birthplace of Zhongguancun" that we are concerned about today is the cemetery. It was originally related to eunuchs, but more people should be residents of surrounding areas. With the passage of time, the grave may become cultivated land, and the grave keeper may be a farmer or become a farmer completely. For a long time before and after the land reform, it was called "middle official" in local spoken language. During the Republic of China, the boundary of this residential area was south of the Fourth Ring Road, west to Lanqiying (now the Scientific Instrument Center), north to the south of Chengfu Road, and west to the east of Zhongguancun North Road. During the old Baojia system, Wu Jia in Baofusi Township was in the north and Liu Jia in the south of Guanzhong Garden. Today, in the corridor of Zhongguancun North First Street, there is a sign of "Zhongguantun" on the gable of a canteen in the east and a house in the west. Perhaps it comes from the homonym of "Zhongguantun".

Geography of China should print a batch of envelopes and stationery as soon as possible. As a result, a large number of printed envelopes were wrongly used as "Zhongguancun". One of them, Zhongguancun, started to operate in this way.

The great change of Zhongguancun is the epitome of the history of China's scientific development. As the vice president, Zhu Kezhen often travels to Zhongguancun, and his diary also witnessed the early development history of Zhongguancun community.

In the later changes of Zhongguancun, based on Guanzhong, Guanzhong Garden was drawn in the north and bid farewell to Zhongguancun, and continued to develop in the east and south. On the land allocated by the state to the Academy of Sciences, the North District, the South District, the Baofusi District, the Huang Zhuang District and the Southeast District were developed in several different historical stages.