How to deepen the reform of the pension insurance system and improve the social security system

First, take a variety of measures to continue to expand the coverage of pension insurance

Expanding the coverage of pension insurance is a system that our country has been actively promoting. Currently, the country has begun pilot implementation of the new rural insurance and urban residents’ pension insurance, which will theoretically more than double my country’s pension insurance coverage within a few years, but nothing can be achieved overnight. More importantly, we must pay attention not only to coverage, but also to the quality of benefits. To this end, the author puts forward the following suggestions for expanding the coverage of pension insurance: First, focus on solving the insurance problem of flexible employment personnel, laid-off workers, and migrant workers who are difficult to cover under the new rural insurance and the new urban insurance. For this group of people, other considerations must also be considered. Payment affordability.

Although the state has given some discounts to their contributions, individuals have to bear 20% of their salary for pension insurance alone, which is undoubtedly a huge burden for anyone. After these people join the insurance, due to the heavy payment burden, they will have the problem of arrears in pension insurance premiums. Some people with financial difficulties may also surrender their insurance. It is necessary to reduce the payment burden of this group of people and encourage them to participate in more insurance and reduce the number of withdrawals. The current payment bases in various provinces and cities are generally divided into two levels. It is recommended that the low-level base be changed every two years, thereby directly or indirectly increasing the insurance participation rate and expanding coverage. The second is to strengthen the publicity of new rural social pension insurance and urban residents’ social pension insurance, and cultivate the social insurance awareness of urban and rural residents. It is necessary to use TV special topics, radio stations, posters, consulting services, etc. to vigorously publicize pension insurance policies and regulations and create an atmosphere in the whole society for everyone to participate in pension insurance. The third is to strengthen joint law enforcement and improve law enforcement intensity. Supervise and inspect enterprises that have participated in the insurance, strengthen rigid restrictions on non-public economic organizations, make full use of and exert the binding force and effectiveness of existing laws and regulations, implement comprehensive management, and impose restrictions on enterprises and industrial and commercial households that do not fulfill their social security obligations.

Second, raise the level of co-ordination and enhance the social mutual aid function of the fund

First of all, in view of the large number of migrant workers, their high mobility, and the limited financial resources of the country, migrant workers still have land. To guarantee the pension insurance, the management of pension insurance funds should adopt a fully accumulated system. The pension insurance funds of migrant workers collected by various social security institutions should be incorporated into the national unified pension insurance account for migrant workers as soon as possible and implemented centralized management. This is to prevent the migrant workers' social security funds collected by various social security bureaus from being misappropriated or being squeezed out by increasing the level of social security benefits for urban employees, resulting in the formation of new debts for the state's social insurance for migrant workers. Therefore, any social insurance funds for migrant workers that are misappropriated or occupied by local governments must be compensated by the local finance.

Secondly, the pension insurance for urban employees, flexible employment personnel and urban residents can be implemented in two steps. The first step is to upgrade pension insurance to provincial level coordination. This is an important step towards further improving the social security system and moving towards national unification. Specific measures can be taken to implement a unified system, unified standards, unified management, and unified adjustment management methods, which will not only help promote the scientific and reasonable flow of human resources, but also help strengthen fund management, increase the value preservation and appreciation of the fund, enhance the adjustment function, and more It is conducive to the realization of the law of large numbers and enhances the economics of social insurance. The second step is to upgrade it to a national coordination, which is a positive and feasible way that is consistent with my country's national conditions.

Finally, the pension insurance for rural residents can be coordinated at the city and county level first, then gradually upgraded to provincial-level coordination, and finally to national coordination.

Third, solve hidden debts and consolidate personal accounts

The country has already done basic work in solving hidden debts, that is, establishing the National Social Security Fund Council to centralize It is in charge of the funds allocated by the state finance to assist the pension insurance fund and the shares reduced by the listing of state-owned joint-stock companies. However, we must not increase the payment burden on enterprises and individual employees, because the income of our citizens is still at a relatively low level, and the payment proportion and amount are already very high. In addition to the above methods of state financial compensation and allocation of state-owned shares to reduce hidden debts, the method of issuing special treasury bonds can be adopted, and the funds will be held by pension funds to offset hidden debts and make the pension insurance transformation smooth. During the transition, special government bonds will be paid off in the future from fund balances and appreciation income. After my country's peak employment period gradually subsides, the retirement age can also be appropriately extended, so that the fund pays less and accumulates more, which can also solve some hidden debts [8].

As mentioned before, the main cause of empty accounts is hidden debt. Therefore, the extent to which hidden debts are resolved, the speed and efficiency of resolution will directly affect the current personal account pension in our country. The problem of filling in empty accounts. To this end, we must strictly separate the management of social planning and personal accounts. The two accounts must be completely separated to block any connected channels. Without being ruthless, we cannot solve the problem of personal account funds being misappropriated, and we cannot solve the problem of new empty accounts. Question; second, we must improve the investment and operation efficiency of the current national social security fund and the provincial and municipal pension surplus funds that are ready to be invested and operated in the future, increase the accumulation of funds to offset hidden debts to indirectly alleviate the problem of empty accounts being misappropriated, and consolidate the empty accounts [9 ].

Fourth: Promote the investment operation of funds to maintain and increase value

With the increasing scale of pension insurance funds, flexible yet sound investment strategies should be adopted to ensure that Part of the funds are put into operations to cope with the risk of inflation and maintain and increase the value of the fund.

The first is to focus the investment direction of pension insurance funds on long-term investment fields with long construction cycles and stable returns, so as to truly take advantage of long-term funds and create the greatest economic benefits [10]; the second is With the further standardization of the domestic capital market, the investment market for basic pension insurance funds should be actively explored, allowing them to purchase corporate bonds of high-quality listed companies, subscribe to public funds, and enter the stock market for direct investment. Since pensions are life-saving and life-saving money for ordinary people, corresponding pension insurance fund investment and operation institutions can be established to specialize in pension insurance fund operations. You can refer to the investment channels of the National Social Security Fund and consider leveraging the advantages of professional companies such as insurance companies, investment fund companies, trust investment companies, etc. to specifically operate pension insurance funds; when conditions are mature, set up a special pension insurance fund Operating company, direct securities market investment. The operation supervision of these institutions may be jointly supervised by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the China Securities Regulatory Commission.

Carry out reforms

my country's current retirement system for government agencies and institutions was established in 1955. Over the past 60 years, this system has played an important role in ensuring the livelihood of retirees and stabilizing the cadre team. However, with the establishment and development of the socialist market economic system, some contradictions have gradually been exposed. From within the system, there are two main reasons: First, retirees are managed by unit, and retirement expenses are all borne by the finance or unit. The burden between units is unusually light and heavy. In some regions and units, especially some grassroots institutions, retirement fees are even unbearable. The phenomenon of heavy burden and inability to guarantee timely and full payment; secondly, the current retirement payment method is based on the "final salary" of the staff before retirement, and is calculated in different grades according to the length of service. The grade division is relatively rough and it is difficult to reflect the cadres of the same level. The detailed distinction between the length of service and the length of service cannot fully reflect the labor contribution of staff members throughout their careers. From a social perspective, in the 1990s, enterprises reformed the original retirement system and implemented a basic pension insurance system that combined social pooling and personal accounts. Other urban employment groups have also gradually entered the scope of this system. At present, only government agencies and public institutions still implement the original retirement system. Different models of retirement and pension security systems have created conflicts between "dual-track system" and "poor benefits". Prominent manifestations include: enterprises and individual employees pay pension insurance premiums, and the level of benefits is closely related to the amount of contributions; while government agencies and institutions and their staff do not pay contributions, and the benefits have nothing to do with contributions, which has triggered social concerns about the fairness of the pension security system. question. At the same time, due to different institutional models, it is difficult to transfer and continue pension insurance relationships when employees in government agencies, institutions and enterprises communicate with each other, which to a certain extent restricts the rational flow and optimal allocation of human resources. Therefore, this reform is of great significance.

It is conducive to coordinating and promoting the construction of urban and rural pension security systems. The Party Central Committee regards the comprehensive establishment of a social security system covering urban and rural residents as one of the important goals of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. In recent years, with the comprehensive establishment of the pension insurance system for urban and rural residents, rural and urban residents have generally participated in the insurance. Together with urban enterprise employees and other employment groups, the socialized pension insurance system has covered more than 840 million people nationwide, and 5,000 Tens of thousands of employees and retirees in government agencies and institutions are outside the pension insurance system, becoming "weak links" and "isolated islands" that are fully covered by the system. Reforming the pension insurance system of government agencies and institutions is an inevitable choice to accelerate the goal of building a social security system covering urban and rural residents.

It is conducive to gradually resolving the contradiction of "poor treatment".

Individual staff members of government agencies and institutions enjoy relatively high levels of retirement benefits without paying contributions, and their rights and obligations do not correspond, which has become the focus of conflicts. After the reform of the pension insurance system of government agencies and institutions, the basic pension insurance implements the same basic system model and policies as those of enterprises, reflecting the fairness of the system and rules, and can gradually resolve the contradiction of large treatment gaps.

It is conducive to promoting the deepening reform of government agencies and institutions. In recent years, in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Servant Law, the civil servant resignation and dismissal system has been implemented. Some regions have also launched pilots of the civil servant appointment system. Public institutions are also accelerating classification reforms and implementing the full employment system. In order to form an employment mechanism that allows people to come in and out and have reasonable mobility, disperse the burden of retirement expenses on units, and ensure the payment of pensions to government agencies and institutions, a pension insurance system must be established with coordinated mutual assistance and socialized management.

It is conducive to fully reflecting the labor contribution of staff. Changing the current retirement fee calculation method to determine the basic pension benefits based on the payment level and payment years. The more you pay, the more you will get, and the longer you pay, the more you will get. This can more comprehensively reflect the labor contributions of the staff of government agencies and institutions throughout their careers, and further enhance the Inspiring.

In short, the task of reforming and improving pension insurance is complex and arduous, but it is an unavoidable threshold in our response to aging, in improving the social security system, and in China's modernization process. With the promulgation of the Social Insurance Law, the continuous strengthening of our country's economic strength, and the increasingly humanized concept of our country's governance, we have reason to believe that under the constraints of the law, under the guidance of the scientific outlook on development, and through continuous social practice and reform, my country's pension insurance will become more mature and perfect.