What is a resident agent?

1. Basic situation

The province is one of the main outflow places for the inter-provincial floating population. At the same time, the number of intra-provincial floating population is also very large. According to relevant statistics, 5 million farmers in the province have migrated to cities to work. Among them, there are about 1.6 million migrants making a living in Wuhan. There are 118,000 school-age children whose children receive compulsory education. There are also farmers from several other medium-sized cities who have migrated to cities to work. There are tens of thousands or more than 100,000 workers, and thousands or even tens of thousands of children go to the city to study. For example, there are 102,200 migrant workers in Huangshi City, accounting for 15.46% of the urban population. There are 3,184 children of workers, accounting for 5.48% of primary school students in the city. There are 2,072 children of migrant workers in junior high school, accounting for 8% of junior high school students in the city. There are 59,840 farmers in Jingmen City who have migrated to the city to work, accounting for about 10% of the city's total urban population. 10%, with 18,700 school-age children, including 15,068 in primary school and 3,622 in junior high school, accounting for more than 5% of primary and secondary school students in the urban area respectively. 90% of the children of migrant workers are concentrated in central urban areas. In several medium-sized cities, more than 80% of them are studying in public primary and secondary schools, and the rest are studying in private schools. Among the 115,800 children of farmers in Wuhan, 48,000 are in public schools. Regarding school education, 50,800 people attended approved simple private schools, and 17,000 people attended unapproved simple private schools.

II. Main tasks

According to a series of national and provincial requirements for the education of children of migrant workers, in recent years, major and medium-sized cities across the province have actively taken measures to provide A lot of work has been done to prevent the children of migrant workers from going to cities to study. The main measures are as follows:

(1) Formulate documents to include the enrollment of children of migrant workers in the city into the education plan, make overall arrangements and unified management

According to the "Influx of Children to Local Governments" Based on the management principle of "administration first, public schools as the mainstay", several large and medium-sized cities have included the enrollment of children of migrant workers in cities into urban education plans, combined with the school layout to set up sites, make overall arrangements, and designate some urban public schools or Schools run by social forces admit children of migrant workers in cities.

The Huangshi Municipal Government has formulated the "Opinions on the Implementation of the Interim Measures for Ensuring Migrant Population in Hubei Province to Accept Compulsory Education", which clearly stipulates that education and public security departments must actively cooperate, and *** are both migrant workers. Create a good environment for children to receive nine-year compulsory education; the local government will arrange special funds to arrange for the children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education;

The education administrative departments of Wuhan City, Xiangfan City, and Jingmen City have all issued policies on A series of policies to improve the education of school-age children and adolescents of the migrant population require schools in various districts to open their doors to the children of migrant workers and ensure that the children of migrant workers receive compulsory education. In August this year, the Jingmen Municipal Education Bureau also issued the "Jingmen Municipal Education Bureau's Notice on Solving the Schooling Problems of Children of Migrant Workers in the City", which was published in a prominent position in the city newspaper, and hundreds of copies were printed and widely distributed in the urban area to educate migrant workers. Urban migrant workers understand the relevant national policies and can safely send their children to school in the place where they work. The city's education administration department and schools also contacted each other with the public security, finance, labor, price and other relevant departments as well as street offices and neighborhood committees to conduct comprehensive investigations and find out the actual situation of migrant workers in the city. Implement a certification system for migrant workers, register them with the public security department, and establish a complete information resource database for migrant workers. The labor inspection department has strengthened its inspection of social labor employment and strictly prohibited enterprises and institutions from recruiting minors. The financial department will include public funds for the children of migrant workers in the city during their schooling period into the financial budget to ensure investment in education funds for the children of migrant workers in the city. In accordance with national regulations, the price department has strengthened inspections and resolutely stopped arbitrary charges for children of migrant workers to attend school. At the same time, subdistricts and neighborhood committees must regularly inspect the enrollment status of all children of migrant workers in their jurisdictions, and keep abreast of changes in the enrollment of children of migrant workers.

(2) Fully allow the children of migrant workers to enjoy equal rights to education

According to national and provincial requirements, each city has made specific regulations for the children of migrant workers in cities. They are treated the same as urban students in terms of enrollment, payment, class placement, participation in educational and teaching activities, and acceptance of commendations and awards, and have equal access to the school's educational resources. For example, in order to make it easier for the children of migrant workers in the city to take the high school entrance examination, Xiangfan City has abolished the registration, examination and admission system for the high school entrance examination based on household registration this year. Instead, only based on student status can register for the examination and enjoy the same qualifications for admission.

From 1997 to 2002 alone, Huangshi City Xisaishan Education Bureau had 87 children of migrant workers awarded provincial and municipal outstanding student commendations, accounting for 9.86% of the total number of commended students.

(3) Care for the children of poor migrant workers and effectively ensure that they complete compulsory education

Most cities have adopted measures such as "reduction, exemption, deferment, and donation" and through various Raise funds through various channels to help children of poor migrant workers complete compulsory education. Wuhan City implements the policy of "waiving borrowing fees and implementing a one-fee system", and implements a one-time fee of 220-400 yuan per semester for the children of migrant workers who enter school; Jingmen City cancels the borrowing fees for the children of migrant workers who come to the city to work , this alone can reduce the economic burden of migrant workers in cities by 13.09 million yuan every year; Jingmen City and Xiangfan City have also formulated the "Poverty Alleviation and Student Aid Project Implementation Plan" to enroll children from poor families among migrant workers in cities. and personal financial aid are treated equally with urban students. For students whose families are really in difficulty, the school will allow them to defer or waive relevant fees. Some schools in the Huangshi Development Zone also provide free of charge to poor migrant students to ensure that they go to the city to work. People drop out of school due to family financial difficulties;

(4) Strict procedures for changing student status and strengthen the management of the enrollment of children of migrant workers

Children of migrant workers in cities are highly mobile and have poor learning conditions The unevenness brings great difficulties to the school's education and teaching management. To this end, major and medium-sized cities, while giving equal treatment to the children of migrant workers and the children of urban residents, have also strengthened standardized management of student status, education and teaching in public schools and simple schools that accept the children of migrant workers. For example, Jingmen City manages the enrollment status of the children of migrant workers in accordance with the regulations on the management of borrowed students and includes them in the enrollment statistics of school-age children and adolescents in the urban area; after the children of migrant workers complete their studies in the urban area and pass the examination, they will be educated by the superiors of the schools they attend. The administrative department issues the corresponding graduation certificate or completion certificate. Wuhan City has held several training courses for school principals and student status managers to clarify the relevant requirements for student status management, prepare the enrollment and changes of children of migrant workers in the city, and standardize student status management through on-site exchange meetings and other forms. At present, the school status of the children of migrant workers in the city has been included in the city's unified school status management scope for students in compulsory education. They are treated equally with students with Wuhan household registration, and have the same five things: they all have student numbers, and they all enter the municipal computer management , create student files in the same way, participate in the graduation examination of Wuhan City Organization, and issue academic certificates in the same way.

Simple schools are the product of the great flow of people in the whole society after the reform and opening up. This new form of running schools adapts to the needs of the development of the socialist market economy and is conducive to the popularization, consolidation and improvement of compulsory education. It is allowed at this stage The existence of simple schools, incorporating them into the overall plan of local education development, and conducting standardized management are inevitable requirements for the city government to implement the important thinking of "Three Represents" and perform the overall service function. In recent years, Wuhan City has done a lot of work to strengthen the management of simple schools and actively solve the problem of enrolling children of migrant workers in the city.

First, implement a management system with hierarchical responsibilities and territorial management. Since 1998, Wuhan City has established the principle of "leveled approval and local management" of municipal and district education administrative departments for schools run by social forces, established a city-wide review team for schools run by social forces, and clarified the rules for the municipal and district education administrative departments to review and approve schools run by social forces. Powerful authority to run schools: Educational schools with academic qualifications below junior high school (including simple schools) are accepted, reviewed, and approved by the education administrative departments of each district; the school's education, teaching business, and other daily administrative management are under the management of the education administrative department where the school is located.

The second is to standardize approval behavior. According to the "Compulsory Education Law" and the "Interim Measures for the Schooling of Migrant Children and Adolescents" promulgated by the former State Education Commission and the Ministry of Public Security in 1998, in order to ensure the level of running simple schools and standardize the approval behavior of simple schools, Wuhan City has formulated on the basis of investigation and research. The document "Standards for Running Simple Schools for Children of Migrant Population Run by Social Forces in Wuhan" (Wuhan Education Commission [1998] No. 48) was compiled from the aspects of organizers, teachers, school objectives, school venues and facilities, school funds, education and teaching management, etc. Qualification regulations for holding simple schools have been made.

The third is to strengthen safety inspections. The safety of simple schools is a matter of great concern to the city government. In the annual inspection of social forces running every year, the government and education administration departments put the safety work of simple schools in a prominent position.

In 2000, the Wuhan Municipal Education Bureau issued a notice specifically on strengthening the safety management of schools run by private forces, requiring all localities to focus on reviewing and inspecting the conditions and measures for safety management during the process of approving and conducting annual inspections of schools run by private forces; in 2001, The General Office of the Municipal Government specially issued the "Emergency Notice on Further Strengthening the Safety Management of Simple Schools" (Wu Zheng Ban) [20011300], requiring all district governments to attach great importance to the safety management of simple schools, whether they have been approved or not Simple school, as long as there is a safety incident. The responsible persons in charge of the district government and education administration department shall also be held accountable. According to the requirements of the notice, Wuhan City went to simple schools every semester to check each item, found safety hazards, and insisted on rectification within a time limit. If the rectification is not in place, it will be ordered to be closed or cancelled.

The fourth is to intensify efforts to combat unlicensed schools. In recent years, due to the large increase in the urban floating population, simple schools have expanded rapidly. The problem of unlicensed simple schools is more prominent. There are serious safety hazards in their school conditions and seriously unqualified teachers, which has affected the physical and mental health of children attending school. It has also interfered with the survival and development of approved schools, and the education administration department is not qualified to ban unlicensed schools: the municipal education department has reported to the municipal government many times, requesting to clarify the main body of law enforcement, establish a joint law enforcement class, and increase rectification The efforts to run schools without a license have been supported by government leaders. In the past two years, some urban districts in the city have set up special work teams to clamp down on unlicensed schools. They are led by the district government, led by the district mayor in charge, and include the Civil Affairs Bureau, Education Bureau, Public Security Bureau, Price Bureau, Local Taxation Bureau, Real Estate Bureau, and Urban Management Department. Joint law enforcement was carried out, some schools were banned, and some schools were rectified and regulated. In 2002, Wuchang District, Hongshan District, and Dongxihu District banned 48 unlicensed schools; in May this year, Wuhan City took the opportunity to prevent and control SARS. , and began a new round of crackdown on unlicensed schools.

3. Existing Problems and Suggestions

China is a developing country, and there are great differences between urban and rural residents in terms of living standards, cultural quality, consumption habits, customs, etc. , the integration between the two in the same area in a short period of time will inevitably cause drastic changes in ideological concepts and social life. A large number of children of migrant farmers studying in cities will have some difficulties and problems for both the city and the farmers themselves. Taking into account the situation in large and medium-sized cities in the province, these difficulties and problems mainly include the following aspects:

(1) There are still some ideological and cognitive biases regarding the enrollment of children of migrant workers.

On the one hand, there are still some comrades in the urban education administrative department who believe that the enrollment of children of migrant workers in cities is the responsibility of the government where their registered permanent residence is located. Therefore, there are still some people who are unwilling to open up public schools and unblock private schools. phenomenon, the relevant departments believe that solving the problem of enrolling children of migrant workers in cities is only a matter for the education department, and they are not very aware of joint efforts to manage the problem; on the other hand, due to the fact that the status and treatment of farmers who work in cities are different from the household registration population Coupled with the influence of family economic conditions, living environment and ideological concepts, many migrant farmers and their children have some psychological obstacles, which brings many difficulties to the educational guidance of the education department, such as Although Wuhan City does not charge tuition fees for the children of migrant workers, some parents still do not send their children to public schools.

(2) The increase in the number of children of farmers moving into cities has led to a shortage of educational resources in central urban areas.

Due to the sharp increase in the number of migrant workers, enrollment pressure in urban areas is increasing, especially for high-quality primary and secondary schools. According to statistics from Jingmen City, there are nearly 21,000 middle school students in the city, 20% of whom are children of migrants who have moved to the city in recent years. Due to the sharp increase in the number, the average size of the six primary schools in the city has reached 1,671 students, and the average class size is 56.3 students. There are 6 junior high schools, with an average school size of 1,728 students and an average class size of 72 students, which far exceeds the normal school size. As the number of children of farmers who migrate to cities for work increases and the number of children enrolled in school increases, the pressure on local governments and education administrative departments to spend funds increases, making it increasingly difficult to raise funds for running schools.

(3) Children of migrant workers are highly mobile and difficult to manage.

First, the randomness of the flow.

The characteristics of migrant workers themselves determine that they are unstable. As their employment and residence change, many migrant workers choose to attend school nearby, and the schools their children attend are also changing. The number of these students is large and frequent, and the procedures for transferring schools are irregular and arbitrary. How to distinguish the normal flow of students from school selection has increased the workload and difficulty of the relevant departments and school management. Second, there is the phenomenon of missing out on school during the mobility process. The educational rights that children of migrant workers should enjoy are unstable and cannot be guaranteed due to the instability of their parents' jobs. According to relevant city surveys, at the junior high school stage, especially senior students during the migration process, due to being tired of studying or directly It is common for students to drop out of school for various reasons such as getting involved in their parents’ business activities.

In order to protect the rights of the majority of migrant workers’ children of school age to receive compulsory education and properly solve the problems that exist when migrant workers’ children go to cities to study, we hereby put forward the following suggestions:

The first is to strengthen government behavior and establish a working mechanism for collective management. The people's governments of the places of influx should further strengthen their leadership over the enrollment of children of migrant workers in cities. Departments such as education, establishment, public security, finance, labor, and planning should clarify their respective responsibilities, work together to manage the situation, and establish a system of full-time public education. Mainly, there is a linkage working mechanism to accept the children of migrant farmers into school in various forms.

The second is to increase investment and establish a funding guarantee mechanism for the children of migrant farmers to receive compulsory education. The government should set up special funds for compulsory education for the children of migrant workers in cities. It should continuously improve the conditions for running public schools, and at the same time support and manage schools run by social forces that mainly accept the children of migrant workers.

The third is to strengthen publicity and guidance and establish a rescue mechanism to support the children of poor farmers who migrate to cities to work. On the premise of ensuring the implementation of school funding and resolutely stopping some cities from charging tuition fees to the children of migrant workers, we must increase publicity efforts, establish a "green channel" to support the children of poor migrant workers in school, and create a community that cares about and supports students entering the city. A good atmosphere for the children of employed farmers to receive compulsory education.