Text about the content of the World No Child Labor Day handwritten newspaper 2022

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The origin of the World No Child Labor Day

The World No Child Labor Day, in order to pay attention to the increasingly serious problem of child labor, in June 2002, The 90th International Labor Conference held in Geneva decided to designate June 12 every year as "the World Day Against Child Labor". It also called on countries around the world to pay close attention to the increasingly serious problem of child labor and take effective measures. measures to solve this problem.

The increasingly serious problem of child labor has attracted great attention from many countries and regions. Some countries have taken measures to strictly prohibit the employment of children under the age of 15 in domestic work. Some countries have also established specialized agencies to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of children and curb the spread of ugly social phenomena such as child trafficking and child labor.

The theme of the 2003 World Day Against Child Labor was the growing problem of child trafficking. The theme of "World Day Against Child Labor" in 2004 is to focus on children working as domestic workers. Child domestic helpers refer to minors who work as domestic servants in their employers' homes. The latest statistics released by the International Labor Organization show that the problem of child domestic workers is widespread around the world. These children are deprived of their rights, have no opportunity to receive education, are forced to work for long hours, receive low wages or no wages, and are even at risk of being trafficked, enslaved, or forced to engage in activities that are harmful to children's physical and mental health. Hazards of injury at work. To address this problem, the ILO has developed a plan to prevent and protect child domestic workers and proposes a dual strategy to relocate and improve the working conditions of child domestic workers who work in poor conditions and low wages.

Origins

Every year on June 12, governments, employer and worker organizations, civil society, and hundreds of millions of people from around the world gather to highlight the plight of child labor, Explore how people can help.

Across the world, a large number of children are engaged in paid or unpaid domestic work in the homes of third parties or employers. These children are particularly vulnerable to exploitation. Their work is often hidden from public view, and they may be isolated or working away from home. Child abuse incidents in domestic work are common. World Day Against Child Labor 2013 calls for:

Reform legislation and policies to ensure the elimination of child labor in domestic work, while providing decent working conditions and appropriate protection for young people who have reached legal working age.

ILO member states ratify Article 189 of the International Labor Organization Convention on Decent Work for Domestic Workers and implement the International Labor Organization Child Labor Convention

Create a global movement against child labor and promote family Capacity Building of Domestic Workers’ Organizations

The adoption of International Labor Organization Convention No. 182 has consolidated global awareness of the elimination of child labor. Millions of working children have benefited from the Convention, but much remains to be done. The latest figures estimate that 215 million children are still forced into child labor, and 115 million of them are engaged in hazardous work. Member states of the International Labor Organization have set 2016 as the deadline for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour. To achieve this goal requires greater effort and commitment.

Purpose of the establishment of World No Child Labor Day

The increasingly serious problem of child labor has attracted great attention from many countries and regions. Some countries have taken measures to strictly prohibit the employment of children under the age of 15 in domestic work. Some countries have also established specialized agencies to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of children and curb the spread of ugly social phenomena such as child trafficking and child labor.

To this end, in June 2002, the 90th International Labor Conference held in Geneva decided to designate June 12 every year as "the World Day Against Child Labor". We call on all countries around the world to pay close attention to the increasingly serious problem of child labor and take practical and effective measures to solve this problem.

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Related background

When the International Labor Organization was founded in 1919, one of its main goals was to eliminate child labor. Historically, the main tool used by the ILO in pursuing the goal of effectively eliminating child labor has been the adoption and supervision of labor standards embodying the concept of a minimum age for admission to employment or work. Furthermore, the principle that minimum age standards should be linked to schooling has been part of the ILO's tradition of standard-setting work in this area since 1919. Convention No. 138 stipulates that the minimum age for employment should be no less than the age for completion of compulsory education.

The adoption of International Labor Organization Convention No. 182 has consolidated global awareness of the elimination of child labor. It provides a much needed focus without abandoning the overall goal of the effective elimination of child labor expressed in Convention No. 138. Furthermore, the concept of “worst forms” helps set priorities and can serve as an entry point when addressing mainstream child labour. This concept also helps to draw attention to the impact of work on children and the work they perform.

There are three categories of child labor prohibited by international law:

The absolute worst forms of child labor, internationally stipulated slavery, child trafficking, bonded labor and other forms of forced labor, Forced children into military service, prostitution and pornographic services, and illegal activities in armed conflict.

Work performed by children below the minimum age specified for that type of work (determined by national legislation in accordance with usual international standards) and which may therefore impede the child's education and comprehensive development develop.

Work is considered “hazardous work” if it is harmful to the physical, mental or moral health of children because of its nature or working conditions.

New global estimates and trends are presented according to three categories: economically active children, children in labor and children in hazardous work.

One of the most effective ways to ensure that children are not started working at a young age is to set the age at which they can legally be employed or work. The main principles of the ILO conventions concerning minimum age and employment for admission are as follows.

Hazardous Work

Any work that is likely to endanger the physical, mental or spiritual health, safety or morality of children should not be performed by anyone under the age of 18.

Minimum age

The minimum age for work should not be lower than the age for completing compulsory education, which is usually 15 years old.

Easy work

Children aged 13 to 15 can do light work as long as it does not threaten their health and safety or hinder their education or vocational guidance and training.

A better conceptual grasp of child labor also goes hand in hand with a better understanding of what the problem looks like and what causes it. The 2002 comprehensive report showed that the vast majority (70%) of child labor is concentrated in the agricultural sector, and the informal economy harbors the largest amount of child labor among all economic sectors. 56 Furthermore, gender plays an important role in determining the different kinds of work that girls and boys do. For example, girls are overwhelmingly employed in domestic work, while boys are overrepresented in the mining and quarrying industry. The situation is even worse when certain types of work are excluded from regulation in a significant number of countries, such as domestic work in many countries.

Our understanding of the causes of child labor has become more sophisticated as a result of using different academic perspectives to explore this issue. Viewing child labor as a product of market forces (supply and demand) is a fruitful approach that takes into account employer behavior and the behavior of individual households. Poverty and economic shocks clearly play an important, if not critical, role in determining the markets for child labor. Child labor in turn perpetuates poverty. For example, current World Bank empirical research on Brazil shows that early entry into the labor force will reduce lifetime income by about 13% to 20%, greatly increasing the chance of poverty later in life.

However, poverty alone is not sufficient to explain child labour, and poverty certainly cannot explain some of the absolute worst forms of child labour. To fully understand child labor, it is necessary to use a human rights perspective, which focuses on discrimination and exclusion as contributing factors.

When it comes to child labour, the most vulnerable groups are often those who face discrimination and exclusion: girls, ethnic minorities, indigenous and tribal peoples, persons of lower class or caste status, persons with disabilities, displaced persons and people living in remote areas.

The 2002 Special Session of the United Nations General Assembly on Children approved a mainstreaming approach: the inclusion of child labor issues in the development agenda. This means that new and ambitious goals must be set for the worldwide movement against child labor. In political language, this means putting the issue of child labor on the agenda of finance and planning ministries – after all, a worldwide movement must persuade governments to take action to end child labour. The elimination of child labor requires a set of political choices, not technocratic actions. The daily realities of instability and crisis challenge efforts to make progress. About the text of the handwritten newspaper for World No Child Labor Day 2022 III

The phenomenon of child labor

The large number of child labor phenomena is an inevitable response to the deterioration of the social environment. War, poverty and disease are important causes of child labor. Cruel wars and ruthless diseases have claimed countless lives and left thousands of children orphaned. Statistics show that since 1990, AIDS alone has caused the death of at least 14 million children under the age of 15 around the world. Poverty in family life forces some children to enter society prematurely and become exploited and enslaved child laborers in order to survive.

According to figures provided by the United Nations Children’s Fund, there are at least 210 million child laborers aged 5 to 14 worldwide. If the 140 million young people aged 15 to 17 who are engaged in "economic activities" are also included in the figure, The total number of child laborers and domestic servants exceeds 350 million. The vast majority of these "underage workers" are engaged in dirty, tiring and hard work with poor conditions, low pay, and high risks. The emergence of a large number of child labor has its deep social roots. Among them, war, disease and poverty force many children to enter society prematurely in order to survive and become child laborers who are exploited and enslaved. The Asia-Pacific region is the region with the highest concentration of child labor, with 127 million people, accounting for 60% of the total number of child laborers. There are 48 million child laborers in sub-Saharan Africa, accounting for 23% of the total number of child laborers. In addition, approximately 8.4 million children have been trafficked, used as slaves, or forced into sexual services. Every year, 22,000 child workers around the world die from various work-related injuries.

Basic concept of child labor

In China, child labor refers to teenagers and children under the age of 16 who have a labor relationship with an entity or individual and engage in economically gainful labor or individual labor. A teenage worker is any worker above the age of a child as defined above but under the age of eighteen. Among all regions in the world, Asia-Pacific countries have the largest number of child laborers, with more than 120 million.

For a long time, child labor was not considered a problem. When compulsory education and labor and children's rights became deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, it became a widely debated topic.

Before the industrial revolution, many children in many parts of the world were engaged in various labor services like adults, such as farm work. In the early days of the British Industrial Revolution, child labor was widely used and exploited in factories and mines. It was not until the British government enacted the Factory Act and other relevant laws that the exploitation and use of child labor in the UK was gradually stopped.

Our country’s national regulations

Companies should not use or support the use of child labor that meets the above definition. If children are found to be engaged in work that meets the above definition of child labor, the company should establish, record, retain policies and measures aimed at relieving these children, and effectively communicate them to employees and stakeholders. The company shall also provide these children with adequate support to attend school until they exceed the age of a child as defined above.

Companies should establish, record, and maintain policies and measures aimed at promoting education for children and young people who meet the age requirements of local compulsory education regulations or are currently in school as covered by the International Labor Organization Recommendation No. 146. and effectively communicate it to employees and stakeholders. Company policies and measures should also include specific ways to ensure that children or young workers are not used during school hours.

In addition, the total time spent on transportation (between the workplace and school), attending classes and working for these child and adolescent workers shall not exceed ten hours per day. Companies must not expose children or young workers to hazardous, unsafe, or unhealthy conditions inside or outside the workplace.

Regarding the text of the handwritten newspaper for World No Child Labor Day 2022

Provisions on prohibiting the use of child labor

Article 1

In order to protect the physical and mental health of minors, promote To implement the compulsory education system and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors, these regulations are formulated in accordance with the Constitution, the Labor Law, and the Law on the Protection of Minors.

Article 2

No state agency, social group, enterprise or institution, private non-enterprise unit or individual industrial and commercial household (hereinafter collectively referred to as the employer) shall recruit persons under the age of 16. Adults (recruiting minors under the age of 16, hereinafter collectively referred to as child labor).

It is prohibited for any unit or individual to introduce employment to minors under the age of 16.

Minors under the age of 16 are prohibited from opening businesses and engaging in self-employed activities.

Article 3

Parents or other guardians of minors under the age of 16 shall protect their physical and mental health, protect their right to receive compulsory education, and shall not allow them to be illegally treated by their employer Recruit.

If the parents or other guardians of minors under the age of 16 allow them to be illegally recruited by the employer, the local township (town) people's government, city sub-district office, villagers' committee, and residents' committee shall provide Critical education.

Article 4

When an employer recruits personnel, it must verify the identity card of the recruited personnel. Minors under the age of 16 are not allowed to be hired. The employment registration and verification materials for the personnel employed by the employer shall be properly kept.

Article 5

The labor and social security administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for the supervision and inspection of the implementation of these regulations.

The public security, industrial and commercial administration, education, health and other administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall supervise and inspect the implementation of these regulations within the scope of their respective responsibilities, and shall provide supervision and inspection to the labor and social security administrative departments. Cooperate.

Trade unions, the Communist Youth League, the Women’s Federation and other mass organizations should safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors in accordance with the law.

Any unit or individual who discovers the use of child labor has the right to report it to the labor and social security administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level.

Article 6

If an employer uses child labor, the labor and social security administrative department shall impose a fine of 5,000 yuan per month for each child laborer used. Those who use child labor in workplaces where toxic substances are used will be severely punished according to the fine range stipulated in the "Regulations on Labor Protection in Workplaces Using Toxic Substances" or a fine of 5,000 yuan per month for each child laborer used. The labor and social security administrative department shall also order the employer to return the child laborer to his or her original place of residence within a time limit and hand it over to his parents or other guardians, and all necessary transportation, food and accommodation expenses shall be borne by the employer.

If the employer is ordered by the labor and social security administrative department to make corrections within a time limit in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, but still fails to hand over the child laborer to his parents or other guardians within the time limit, the labor and social security administrative department shall, from the date of ordering correction within a time limit, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. A standard penalty of 10,000 yuan per month will be imposed for each child laborer used, and the business license will be revoked by the industrial and commercial administration department or the registration of a private non-enterprise unit will be revoked by the civil affairs department. If the employer is a state agency or public institution, the relevant unit shall impose administrative sanctions or disciplinary sanctions of demotion or dismissal on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law.

Article 7

If a unit or individual introduces employment to minors under the age of 16, the labor and social security administrative department shall impose a fine of 5,000 yuan for each person introduced. If an employment agency introduces employment to minors under the age of 16, its employment agency license will be revoked by the labor and social security administrative department.

Article 8

If an employer fails to preserve employment registration materials in accordance with Article 4 of these regulations, or forges employment registration materials, the labor and social security administrative department shall impose a fine of 10,000 yuan. fine.

Article 9

Units that do not have a business license, have their business license revoked in accordance with the law, and units that have not registered or filed in accordance with the law use child labor or introduce child labor to employment, in accordance with Article 6 of these regulations , the standard specified in Articles 7 and 8 shall be doubled and the illegal unit shall be banned by the relevant administrative departments.

Article 10

If a child worker is sick or injured, the employer shall be responsible for sending the child to a medical institution for treatment and bear all medical and living expenses during the treatment period.

If a child worker becomes disabled or dies, the employer’s business license shall be revoked by the industrial and commercial administration department or the registration of a private non-enterprise unit shall be revoked by the civil affairs department. If the employer is a state agency or public institution, the relevant unit shall impose administrative sanctions or disciplinary sanctions of demotion or dismissal on the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel in accordance with the law. The employer shall also provide one-time compensation to the immediate family members of disabled child workers and deceased child workers. The amount of compensation shall be calculated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national work-related injury insurance.

Article 11

Abducting child labor, forcing child labor, and using child labor to engage in high-altitude, underground, radioactive, highly toxic, flammable and explosive, and fourth-level manual labor stipulated by the state If labor is intensive, child labor under the age of 14 is used, or child labor is caused to die or be seriously disabled, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law on the crime of child abduction, forced labor or other crimes.

Article 12

If a staff member of a state administrative agency commits any of the following acts, he or she shall be given an administrative sanction of major demerit or demotion in accordance with the law. If the circumstances are serious, administrative sanctions of removal from office or expulsion will be given in accordance with the law. If it constitutes a crime, criminal liability shall be investigated in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Law on abuse of power, dereliction of duty or other crimes:

(1) Supervision and inspection work by staff of labor and security and other relevant departments in prohibiting the use of child labor Failure to stop, correct, investigate and deal with the use of child labor when found.

(2) The people's police of the public security organ violates the regulations by issuing ID cards or entering a false date of birth on the ID card.

(3) The staff of the industrial and commercial administration department found that the applicant was a minor under the age of 16, but still issued a business license to him for self-employment.

Article 13

Literary, artistic and sports units may recruit professional literary and artistic workers and athletes under the age of 16 with the consent of the minor’s parents or other guardians. Employers shall protect the physical and mental health of recruited minors under the age of 16 and protect their right to receive compulsory education. The methods for recruiting professional literary and artistic workers and athletes under the age of 16 by literary, artistic and sports units shall be formulated by the labor and social security administrative department of the State Council in conjunction with the culture and sports administrative department of the State Council.

Schools, other educational institutions and vocational training institutions organize minors under the age of 16 to perform educational practical labor and vocational skills training labor that do not affect their personal safety and physical and mental health in accordance with relevant national regulations. This does not constitute use of child labor.