The true meaning of wine culture

First, the origin of wine

According to relevant data, the earliest wine on earth should be naturally fermented by wild fruits. Therefore, it can be considered that the emergence of wine is not an invention of human beings, but a natural creation.

In China, there is also a legend of Du Kang's brewing. One day, the fairy instructed him: If you go out tomorrow morning, you will meet three people. Take a drop of blood from each of them and drop it into the distiller's grains, and the wine will become. As a result, Du Kang met three people the next day, namely a scholar, a samurai and a madman.

These are the three realms of drinking: the first stage is like a scholar, gentle, modest and polite; The second stage is like a warrior on the battlefield. After three rounds of drinking, he became brothers and fought bitterly. In the third stage, I drank too much and lost all my manners. I should fall down, lie down, go crazy, say things I dare not say, and do things I shouldn't do.

Second, the essence of wine culture: politeness and affection

The "ceremony" in wine culture is mostly manifested in sacrifices and banquets. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, drinking vessels made of bronze belonged to ritual vessels, and there was a strict distinction between honour and inferiority when they were used. Sacrifice was held in the ancestral temple. Because of the different status and status of worshippers, they held different drinking utensils. In the ceremony of eating, vegetarian dishes and wine pulp should be placed in a certain position, and there is a rule that left wine and right pulp are left. At present, chopsticks, plates and dishes at banquets still need to be placed in an orderly manner. Guests always move cups after the host toasts, and the host always drinks first, which can also show the heritage of the Millennium wine culture.

The "feelings" in wine culture are most thoroughly displayed by literati through cups. Tao Yuanming's "Calling each other at the door, worrying about wine" and Li Bai's "When will the bright moon come to the sky, I'll stop for a drink" all highlight leisure. Du Fu's "deduction of the rich door, but also with the fat horse dust dusk." "The cups and cups are broken and chilly" is another emotional cup that echoes people's hearts in wine culture, and it has become the witness of the scene at that time, in which sadness, misery, pity and pity can arouse people's * * *.

Third, the situation of wine.

1, no wine, no feast

Banquet noodles garden, holding cups to talk about Sang Ma. Since ancient times, booze is an important social occasion. People talk about wine, express their feelings through wine and express things through poetry. The ancients were very particular about drinking: in a big room, they paid attention to the environment and drank emotional appeal; In a small room, pay attention to equipment, drink not only wine, but also mood. There are also various ways to drink, and the most interesting thing may be the winding water: a group of people sit around a flowing stream with cups on the water; Go downstream, pick up and drink; With the wine list, it's even more interesting.

2. No wine and no friends

Bring the wine in! Let your cup never stop! .

A bosom friend is worth a thousand cups.

Calling for Song one after another, how many days do we have?

There are different feelings and scenes about the ups and downs of this life; Infinite pride and yearning are the true feelings.

Indulge in drinking, be willing to wave ink, write poems emotionally, and have their own style, which is desirable.

3, no wine and no worries

Du Kang is the only one who can solve the problem.

Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.

One drink can solve a hundred knots, and then drink a hundred worries.

Worry about a glass of wine, worry about wine.

One glass of wine makes a thousand sorrows, and three glasses of wine make everything empty.

I will worry when I drink, but I still have to face life when I wake up.

Wine is not a good thing. Everything is empty today, and everything will be sad tomorrow.

4, no wine, no joy

Laugh at the sky and go out, raise a glass to relieve your worries.

Between pride and frustration, it seems that there is no pot of wine that can't be solved in life; If there is, then two pots.

Don't bow your head before you get drunk. Sorrow and joy are the same in ancient times.

Beautiful scenery in the world is rare, and it is the easiest to feel disappointed after drinking; The more you drink, the more sober you are, and the drunkenness is hard to penetrate the world.

If you think about it carefully, how many sleepless nights and how many joys and sorrows are almost the same; There are ten thousand kinds of sadness in Qian Qian, but sadness is unified.

5. There is no happiness without wine.

How many times can you laugh in life? You must get drunk when you meet everyone today.

A person's life is incomplete without getting drunk.

Seeing the world drunk has its own wonderful chapter.

If you can't figure it out, you might as well get drunk.

Fourth, wine virtue.

The essence of China ancient wine channel is neutralization, which advocates not to be addicted to alcohol.

You can drink wine, but be drunk and not greedy; If you don't drink, you must never drink too much, so it is called the sum. Harmony is peace and harmony, impartiality and transcendence; Drinking should not affect the body and mind, just right; Only having fun and not delaying things can be called harmony.

Wine has the effect of relaxing muscles and promoting blood circulation. As long as the control is in place, it is beneficial and harmless to people's health, so the ancients regarded drinking as a way to keep fit. So, how did the ancients keep in good health with wine?

The first thing is not to drink too much, that is, not to drink too much.

The ancients drank and followed Wink. In other words, you should drink more, but you should also be able to control yourself; Make sure you don't make a faux pas. The ignorance of the three masters is the etiquette that the ancients must follow when drinking, that is, the gentleman drinks the good of the three masters; After drinking the third master, you should consciously put down your glass and give up booze. Three Jue is just the right amount, just enough.

The second is not to drink on an empty stomach.

There is an old saying in China, don't drink when you are angry on an empty stomach. People think that drinking must be accompanied by delicious food. Wine is decomposed by the liver after entering the human body, and the liver needs various vitamins to maintain assistance when decomposing alcohol; If there is no food in the gastrointestinal tract at this time, it is easy to cause muscle disorder and liver damage. Therefore, when drinking, you should match dishes, fruits and other foods with high nutritional value.

Also, don't mix drinks.

Mixed drinking will produce some new harmful ingredients, which will make people feel upset and headache, which I believe many people have a deep understanding.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) wine style

Li Bai once said: Three cups lead the way, and a hundred battles are natural, and the joy of drinking is all in it. Others call him a poet, but he compares himself to Brewmaster. When a person drinks, there is "till, raising my cup, I asked the bright moon, a threesome in the photo"; When drinking collectively, there are "36,000 cups a day in a hundred years"; When you are proud, there will be such words: "Oh, let a courageous person take risks where he wants to go, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty!" ; When I am depressed, it is "I throw away my food bar and cup, I can't eat or drink, I pull out my dagger, and I peep in four directions in vain". What's more, "Today's people forget the ancient sages and never sing again" and "Wu, Qiu, exchange wine with the lad, and share a song of eternal regret with the gentleman" in "Going into Wine" left the best reason for future generations to drink: why think more about drinking?

In contrast, Su Dongpo, a literary master who was born in a family of drinkers, was very temperate. He drinks alcohol every day, but the total amount does not exceed five cups a day. He always stays a little tipsy, which is the true meaning of wine. In Su Shi's wine songs, there are both the heroic "When will there be a bright moon, ask heaven for wine" and the heavy "Life is like a dream, and the moon will be returned in a bottle". The same thing in the cup, the world of heaven and earth realized by Dongpo laity seems to be more meaningful and philosophical than the upside-down Gankun seen by Qinglian laity.

Everyone who knows wine understands a simple truth: although it is a good wine, if there is no history, no stories, no word-of-mouth and legends accumulated by generations of drinkers and drinkers, "then this wine lacks real taste." Drinking is not the pursuit of short-term pleasure after drinking high, but the feeling and taste after drinking. There is dry Kun in the wine, and the world is hidden in the cup.

Sixth, wine ceremony

There are many manners on the wine table. Let me give you a few simple examples:

Pour wine for the elders first; If there are guests, pour wine for the guests first, and then pour wine for the elders.

Pour the wine not too full or too little, it is best to be eight full.

When touching a cup with others, you should put your left hand on the bottom of the cup and hold the cup with your right hand; When touching someone else's cup, it is a kind of respect to hold it lower than others' cup.

Pay attention to the order of toasting, and don't make a toast. Generally speaking, the order of toasting is that the host respects the guests, the guests respect the guests, the guests reciprocate, and the guests respect each other.

Many people can respect a person, but they cannot respect a person.

Toast with words.

Moderate persuasion.

Don't whisper on the wine table.

Although wine should have manners and methods.

Seven, wine words, wine items

There must be something to say when drinking, among which there are countless toasts. Some toasts often make you drink more.

1, toast

The most popular in the past is:

Feeling deep stuffy, feeling shallow licking, feeling iron vomiting blood.

It's better to doze off than not to get drunk.

It is rare to get drunk several times in life, so you must drink in moderation.

2. Toastmasters

The most classic is the use of Tang poetry and Song poetry, such as:

It's nearly as bad as saying goodbye to Caiyun in Bai Di.

When the sun rises, the flowers in the river win the fire, and the gentleman must drink the wine.

Step 3 stop drinking words

Don't drink too much, for fear of losing face, and refrain from drinking.

A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and it is also beautiful to replace wine with tea.

When I came, my wife told me to drink less and eat more.

Tell the truth after drinking, and you have to take care of your wife.

The ancients had a drinking order, and according to this order, the amount of drinking was determined. Jiu Ling contains hundreds of classics, poems and songs, proverbs, allusion couplets and other cultural contents. Alcoholism is a severe test of people's intelligence, knowledge level, literary accomplishment and adaptability. The wine list is divided into vulgar list and elegant list. Guessing boxing is the representative of common orders, and Yaling is a written order. There have been many wine orders since ancient times. Here are a few examples.

1, dice order

The dice has six faces, and each face is engraved with points from one to six. Dice order was particularly popular in the Tang Dynasty, with many kinds and ways of playing. For example, the Mid-Autumn Festival Moon Appreciation Order: When does it represent the moon? Those who shake the table are full of wine, and those who don't shake drink it themselves.

Step 2 think

The most common and simple is the same number, that is, after two people make a move, each person reports a number at the same time; The sum of the two shots must be equal to a certain number. Whoever says the number is exactly the same as the sum of the two numbers, who is the winner and who loses will drink; If two people say the same number, try again regardless of the result.

3. Solitaire order

Similar to the solitaire game, when people are asked to drink, after the first idiom is spoken, the receiver must take the last word of the idiom as the first word of the sentence. By analogy, those who can't catch up drink.

Step 4 pass the parcel

One person beats the drum, follows the drum, and flowers are passed among the guests; When the drums stop, so does the transmission. Who spends money on drinking? Drummers also have some skills, and the rhythm is fast and slow, creating an unpredictable atmosphere. This is a drinking game suitable for all ages. Because it is simple and interesting, it is often used in games between female guests.

5. Flying Flowers Order

The most basic flying flower poems must contain the word "flower", and there are strict requirements on the position where the word "flower" appears. These poems can be recited by predecessors or sung live. One by one, when people can't write poems, recite poems or make mistakes or recite them, drinkers order them to drink. For example: flowers can be folded straight, and the first word is flowers; Falling flowers are independent, and the word is flowers; Petals shed like tears, and the third word is flowers … and so on.

In addition, there are turning tables, fighting tiger boxing, guessing riddles and drinking, improvising poems, making numbers, naming names, making sentences, etc., all of which require the diners to be agile and witty. The drinking order is not only the expression of the ancient hospitality tradition, but also the crystallization of their drinking art and wisdom.

Besides wine list, there are many customs and habits of drinking in China, such as wedding wine, birthday wine, seasonal wine, Qingming wine, Dragon Boat Festival wine, daily wine, bridal wine, banquet wine, welcome wine, farewell wine, party wine, penalty wine, thank-you wine and so on.

Eight, wine bureau

Nowadays, many people say that there is no wine culture in China, only a wine bureau. In other words, drinking to death is today's wine culture.

Not long ago, a tragedy happened at a wedding banquet in Meizhou, Guangdong. A 17-year-old girl toasted as a bridesmaid and died while resting in a hotel because of excessive drinking.

Leaving your life on the wine table, this tragedy can happen at any time. There is no wine culture in China, only wine bureau and wine table culture. China's wine table culture has the following characteristics:

1, persuasion. When you get to the wine table, you don't drink voluntarily, but others make you drink. This is a toast, and at first glance it is leadership; Well, let's drink a toast and see what it is. It's hard for you to refuse. Not that you can't refuse, but that refusing may hurt people's feelings; So it's hard for you to make a decision in the end, giving people a feeling of being involuntarily. If you don't persuade or drink, you are not sensible. You will become a human being with a heavy responsibility. Can you relax and drink?

2. Be proud of being better. People in China drink to death, saying that "it is better to shoot than to drink to death". After drinking one glass after another, if you drink less, you should run. "You can't do it. It's interesting to see who can drink more. " The implication is not to drink too much, and drinking to death is not enough. People don't think about your drinking capacity or your health. Even if he drank your wine, he finished the task. He doesn't care whether you are sick or not. The physical quality of China people is generally inferior to that of Europeans and Americans, which is closely related to the wine table culture. A man's stomach is bigger than that of a pregnant woman, which makes people sick.

3. snobbery. Toast on the wine table is the most important thing to toast the leaders. We should also seize the opportunity, be good at blocking wine for leaders, and regard drinking with leaders as an opportunity to gain goodwill; If you are a leader, I'm afraid it's time to wait for someone to give you a toast and get a sense of superiority from the flattering wishes of your subordinates. All these are the embodiment of China people's deep-rooted servility and hierarchy. These did not disappear with the progress of the times, but became popular with the wine table culture.

4. Waste of resources. How can you eat after drinking so much wine? With a table full of dishes, I'm afraid I can't move a few chopsticks in the end. This is actually a great waste of social resources. I'm afraid it would be better to use these resources in more meaningful places.

5. The motives are complicated. Many dinners are set up for unfair trade. There are many fakes and ugly things in the dinner, and there are endless power and money transactions on the wine table.

The essence of wine table culture is hierarchical order. Both the toaster and the toasted are constantly determining their identity and status: the superior exhorts the subordinate to exercise authority, and the subordinate does not drink, which is a challenge to authority. This kind of disobedience will make people in high positions feel out of control and humiliated; Subordinate toasts to superiors to confirm their subordinate status. Generally, drinking more than two cups means that the other party has a higher status than himself, and the superior can not return the gift. The behavior is not equal. Only the elders force the younger generation, the superiors force the subordinates, and Party A forces Party B. ..

High-level and high-level people never look for their own value on the wine table. A self-disciplined person should be able to control not only his body, soul, thoughts and actions, but also his mouth. People who have no restraint are generally not responsible for their families. Only by learning to cherish their bodies can they use their bodies to shelter their families from the wind and rain. Even if you know more brothers on the wine table, everyone pats their chests and says that they share joys and sorrows; But what really happened, only your wife and children will bear it with you. Don't wait until there is something wrong with your body to realize that there are thousands of ways to prove your ability in this world, and drinking is the stupidest one.

Nine, foreign wine culture

1, Britain is open to drinkers.

Britain is the most drinkable country in the world. The number of wine produced in Britain is small, but it is a big consumer of alcohol. Domestic, foreign, all-inclusive In London, LONDONPRIDE brewed with Thames water is everyone's favorite light beer.

2. Russia drinks to resist the cold winter

Perhaps it is because most of Russia's territory is located in cold areas. In order to resist the harsh natural conditions, only when you are drunk can you spend the long winter. Vodka is the national wine of Russia and the product of extremely cold places. In the eyes of Russians, men who don't drink are not real men; Russian men say it's better to die than to drink vodka. Some Russians will ask if they have eaten, just as we in China often ask if we have eaten. No wonder people often compare vodka to the first wife of a Russian man.

3. French wine cellar shows off wealth

When you visit a French friend's house, they won't show off their house and paintings, but they will take you to the wine cellar. The wine cellar shows the quality of life of the French people, symbolizing wealth, self-cultivation and cultural taste. There is a French proverb that private wine cellars are elegant in storage. In order to create an elegant atmosphere, the French began to decorate the wine cellar on the first day they lived in the villa. France is a world-famous wine producer, and its wine production ranks first in the world. Champagne and brandy are world famous. The French are very picky about wine. You can drink several different wines in a meal, and the order is very clear. Generally divided into aperitif, aperitif, table wine and after-dinner wine.

4. German beer becomes the king of drinks.

Just as porcelain reminds people of China, cherry blossoms remind people of Japan, cowboys remind people of the United States, and beer reminds people of German. Dark beer is the most distinctive beer in Germany, and its liquor is brown or dark brown. German stout has outstanding beauty function. It is said that German girls with large pores often use beer to astringe pores, diminish inflammation and sterilize. On the other hand, beer contains some enzymes after grain fermentation, which can decompose keratin and oil. Of course, the calorie content of German stout is quite amazing. This 100 ml stout contains 100 kcal, so people who want to stay healthy should not drink too much.