Articles on forest fire prevention

I. Introduction of Stones from Other Mountains and Related Articles:

The existing forest area in the United States is about 300 million hectares. Because coniferous species are dominant, the large area of young forests and the continental climate in the central region make their forests have a high fire risk, and millions of hectares of forests are burned every year, so forest fire prevention is one of the most important tasks of the American forestry department. Fires destroy nearly 24 million mu of forests in the United States every year, causing billions of dollars in losses and spending hundreds of millions of dollars to put out forest fires.

In view of the grim situation of forest fires, on the one hand, the United States expands the protected area, on the other hand, it actively develops, perfects and reserves monitoring fire extinguishing equipment and chemical fire extinguishing agents.

Find the fire in time and make a correct assessment of the disaster. In the past, American firefighters could only speculate on the location of forest fire, the speed of fire movement, the burning speed of trees and bushes, and where to set fire to prevent the spread of disaster. A wrong estimate may mistake a small jungle fire for a devastating forest fire, or the opposite may happen.

With the progress of science and technology, the methods of dealing with forest fires are also improving rapidly. The equipment of forest firefighters has been expanded, not only with axes and shovels, but also with satellites, solar weather stations, automatic lightning detectors and computers that accurately predict fires. These high-tech means can measure the terrain effect, the flammability of vegetation, and even the change of flame with the weather. Raniger, an official of the United States Bureau of Land Management, said that in the past, almost all the responses to fires came from a strong feeling of wanting to put out the fire, so they often paid a price. In the past, planes used to fly around looking for fire sources; Now, the plane can fly directly to the place where lightning strikes.

At present, a computer of the Joint Fire Prevention Center is connected with 33 detectors installed on high pillars in the western United States, tracking storms and accurately pointing out the location of lightning fires (75% of major fires in the west are caused by lightning). These detectors not only help the center coordinate the national fire prevention resources, but also help predict the next problematic area.

In the western United States, there are 350 solar automatic telemetry weather stations scattered all over the country. They not only measure wind speed, wind direction, temperature, air temperature, soil temperature and humidity, but also measure the temperature and humidity of trees and treetops. Satellite photos show the vegetation type and density.

The American government has been expanding its fire protection system. 1985 input the information into a computer network named "initial fire management system", which can be closely linked with 50 fire prevention offices in the west through the terminal. The researchers also designed a computer program called "Behavior", which used burning speed, humidity, wind speed and ground slope to predict the spreading speed, path, intensity and even flame height of forest fires. The first "behavior" experiment was conducted in 1984 forest fire in Shankou Nature Reserve, Montana. Although the fire threatens a casino and residential area, putting out the fire will put firefighters in an extremely dangerous environment. "Behavior" predicts through probability analysis that if it is allowed to burn naturally, the forest fire will extinguish itself in the wilderness. As expected, the danger has passed, saving $750,000 in fire fighting expenses.

In terms of forest fire monitoring, the United States mainly adopts the combination of watchtower monitoring, ground patrol and air plane patrol. The Forest Service has 65,438+046 special fire-fighting planes, and has reached agreements with the Air Force and 65,438+060 private planes for forest fire patrol and fire fighting. Once our airline planes can't meet the demand, they will support them. The United States has also specially trained a group of skydiving firefighters. No matter where a fire breaks out, the Forest Service can mobilize thousands of firefighters to the scene of the fire in one day.

In addition, because the number of lightning strikes in the United States is as many as 1- 1.5 million times each year, and the direct loss is as high as $25 million, the United States Department of Forestry attaches great importance to the prevention of lightning strikes, and specially set up a research team composed of volunteers and national scientific research departments in Missouri Forest Fire Experimental Center to carry out research on the prevention and fighting methods of lightning strikes.

Second, forest fire prevention measures in place:

In order to strengthen forest fire prevention work and ensure that forest fires do not occur during the Spring Festival, forest fire prevention measures are earnestly implemented this winter and next spring:

The first is to implement the responsibility system for forest fire prevention. In accordance with the requirements of the "seven lines of defense" for forest fire prevention, the responsibility for forest fire prevention will be implemented in villages, communities, hills and plots, and a forest fire prevention working mechanism of "extensive participation of the masses, concerted efforts of departments and overall responsibility of the government" will be established and improved.

The second is extensive publicity and mobilization. Through various meetings, centralized publicity and consultation, mobile publicity, making slogans, posting fire prevention notices, issuing fire prevention notices and other forms and means, we will comprehensively carry out forest fire prevention publicity and education and create a strong forest fire prevention atmosphere.

The third is to pay close attention to fire source management. All responsible units and forest protection personnel should strengthen supervision, strictly control wild fire sources, and prevent fire from entering forest areas; Key areas, important periods and lots of forest fire prevention shall be monitored by designated personnel; Strictly in accordance with the Regulations on Forest Fire Prevention, the Village Rules and Regulations, etc., severely punish the perpetrators of illegal use of fire in the wild and forest fires, and control the occurrence of wild fires from the source.

The fourth is to prepare for fire fighting. It is necessary to establish a fire lookout, improve fire-fighting equipment, equip forest fire prevention command vehicles, and set fire-fighting instruments and facilities such as fire-fighting bombs, fire extinguishers and fire extinguishing agents. The town authorities set up an emergency team of 60 people, and the village and cooperatives also set up a voluntary fire brigade of more than 50 people and a cooperative fire brigade of more than 20 people.

The fifth is to unblock forest fire prevention information. Adhere to the 24-hour forest fire prevention duty system; Strictly implement the forest fire reporting system and report forest fire information timely and accurately.

The third is to organize the implementation to ensure the effectiveness:

At present, Party committees and governments at all levels in various provinces and cities have taken forest fire prevention as a major task at present, and paid close attention to its implementation, ensuring that leaders, responsibilities, measures, teams and fire fighting are in place, and earnestly do a good job in forest fire prevention this winter and next spring.

In strict accordance with the relevant requirements of the "Martial Law on Forest Fire Prevention in Winter in this Municipality" issued by the Municipal People's Government, the city has further enriched the patrol forces at the town and village levels. Towns (streets) have planned key intersections, hills and lots according to the actual situation, and the tasks have been decomposed into each patrol member, and the responsibility has been implemented to everyone, so as to strengthen patrols and prohibit all outdoor use of fire. Set up forest fire prevention checkpoints (cards) in key forest areas, scenic spots and key prevention and control parts to strictly investigate passing vehicles and people entering the mountains to prevent fires from entering the mountains. Strengthen the supervision of agricultural fire use, so as to check every smoke and find and deal with hidden dangers of mountain fires in time. All mountain smelting operations are strictly prohibited.

In addition, further increase the propaganda of forest fire prevention work. Make full use of news media such as TV broadcasting, newspapers and periodicals, and combine with the reality of the town (street), and carry out forest fire prevention publicity activities in various forms, such as opening mobile phone short message information platform, posting slogans, setting up warning signs, distributing brochures, setting up forest fire prevention columns, writing letters to students' parents, giving students forest fire prevention classes, dispatching propaganda vehicles, holding forest fire prevention performances, etc., so that the laws, regulations and knowledge of forest fire prevention are well known.

At the same time, strengthen the supervision of forest fire prevention. Organize two inspection teams to supervise the forest fire prevention work in towns (streets) to ensure that the forest fire prevention work is implemented. The members of the four leading groups in this Municipality are in charge of a town (street) according to the division of labor linked with the town (street). Town (street) leaders and town (street) cadres Baocun, village cadres Baoshan lots, layers of implementation of the responsibility system, the forest fire prevention work as an important indicator to assess the performance of leading bodies at all levels, so that the main leaders personally grasp, in charge of the leadership of the specific grasp, level by level, layers of implementation of the responsibility system.

While strengthening the construction of professional firefighting teams at the city and town levels, we should pay attention to strengthening the training of forest firefighting personnel, strengthening firefighting business skills learning and physical training to ensure that forest fires are "early, small and hit".