Looking for questions or answers for the second model of Xuhui History in 2012

April Learning Ability Diagnostic Test Paper for Senior High School Students in Xuhui District, Shanghai, 2012

History

2012.4

(Test time: 120 minutes , the total score of the test paper is 150 points)

Note to candidates:

This test paper is divided into multiple-choice questions and non-choice questions. The answers to all test questions are written on the answer sheet according to the corresponding number of the test question. This test question The paper will not be used as the basis for marking and scoring.

Chapter I multiple-choice questions (***75 points)

Multi-choice questions:

Each of the following questions is worth 2 points, ***60 points, each There is only one correct option for the question.

1. In the study of history, we often encounter the problem of the difference between "historical phenomena" and "historical conclusions." "Historical conclusion" is a conclusion formed based on rational understanding and basic judgment of historical phenomena. The following are "historical conclusions" ( )

A. In the 1932 U.S. presidential election, Hoover stepped down amid embarrassment from all sides

B. Roosevelt's New Deal's new model of state intervention in the economy has had a profound impact on capitalism

C. The three people's principles advocated by Sun Yat-sen are nationalism, civil rights and people's livelihood.

D. In order to realize industrialization, the Chinese people have devoted themselves to national construction with full enthusiasm

2. A history interest group in a school wants to study the slave society in the two river basins of ancient West Asia. What do you think the material to choose is ( )

A. Pyramid b. "Code of Hammurabi" c. caste system d. "The Analects of Confucius"

3. When talking about "democracy", we often mention Athens. How should we understand Athenian democracy? ( )

①Athens has had a fine tradition of democracy since its founding, and successive leaders have been able to carry it forward

②Although Athens has experienced different political systems, it ultimately believes that democratic politics is the most feasible

③Athens-style democracy is that all people can participate in politics and vote for public affairs

④Democracy at that time still had status restrictions, and only citizens had the right to participate in politics. Women Also excluded

A. ①② B． ①④ C. ①③ D. ②④

4． In the middle of the 5th century BC, the Roman Republic formulated the "Law of the Twelve Bronze Tables". The progressive nature of this law lies in ( )

A. Protect civilian interests to a certain extent B. Eliminated the contradiction between nobles and common people

C. Mediated the relationship between Rome and conquered peoples D. Promoted the development of commodity economy

5. The situation of farmers in a certain era in history was: "They must bear labor service and in-kind taxes, and cannot move or engage in other industries at will. When farming, the landlord provides farm tools, seeds, and livestock. Farmers cannot decide on their own crop types, and they are not allowed to move at will." Fish in the pond and hunt in the forest. "The farmers here live in ( )

A. Athens in the early second century B. France in the Eleventh Century

C. China in the sixteenth century D. England in the Eighteenth Century

6. Historically, there has often been a phenomenon of divergence between subjective motivations and objective effects, which is the so-called "you reap what you sow". The following political systems in ancient China directly reflected this phenomenon during their implementation: ( )

A. The system of prefectures and counties in the Qin Dynasty B. The parallel system of prefectures and states in the Western Han Dynasty C. The provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty D. Qing Dynasty Military Aircraft Department

7. A name is not only a symbol of a person, but sometimes a symbol of an era. In the "History of the Song Dynasty", names such as "Jiao Shoujie, Li Kerang, Chen Congxin, Zhao Anren, Zhang Zhongshu" appear in large numbers.

The ideological root of this phenomenon is ( )

A. Patriarchal ideology B. Legalist thought c. Buddhist thought D. Neo-Confucian Thought

8. Among the following options, the measures to strengthen the autocratic monarchy by directly reforming the prime minister system are ( )

① The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system ② The Han Dynasty implemented the inspection and examination system ③ The Tang Dynasty implemented the three-province system ④ The Song Dynasty established the political affairs council

A. ①② B. ②③ C． ①④ D. ③④

9. "When descendants become emperors in the future, they are not allowed to appoint prime ministers. If a minister dares to petition someone to appoint him, the civil and military ministers will immediately impeach him and have the criminal imprisoned and his whole family put to death." The most accurate understanding of this material is ( )

A. Blessed by heaven, the throne will last forever B． Control speech and maintain rule

C. Severe punishments and strict laws suppress thoughts D. Abolish the prime minister and ensure the imperial power

10. In 1759, an official said: "When barbarian ships from overseas countries arrive in Guangdong and traffic export goods, silk goods are the most important"; "The statistics office buys silk goods. "The value (of silver) is seven to eight hundred thousand taels, or more than one million taels"; "The goods were all trafficked to Guangdong by merchants from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces, resold to foreigners, and shipped back to China." The information contained in these words mainly includes ( )

① The silk industry in the Jiangnan region of the Qing Dynasty was very developed ② Silk was an important commodity in East-West trade at that time

③ China has been involved in capital Socialist world market ④ Long-distance trafficking trade between domestic regions has been formed

A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D． ①③④

11． One woman said: "I don't know which country I am from. My grandfather was punished by the parish priest to be a lifelong coolie because he believed in Protestantism; my father was beaten into a cripple by the master; my husband joined the army. I don't know who he is. Who are you helping to fight the war?" Some people criticized this woman's husband and family for being stupid for fighting for the king, nobles, and priests who exploited them. According to the content of this information, the woman most likely lives in ( )

A. Italian manor in the early 15th century B. Northern Germanic city at the end of the 16th century

C． The port countryside of England in the 17th century D. A small town in central France at the end of the 18th century

12. Modern Western scholars use three "G"s to summarize the motivations for the opening of new sea routes. Namely God, Glory and Gold. The correct understanding of this is ( )

①The fanatical pursuit of gold ②Developing land resources

③Spreading Christianity overseas ④Promoting the spirit of chivalry

A ． ①②③ B． ①②④ C. ①③④ D． ②③④

13． Someone said in the church: "Our ancestors were the masters of this vast land; however, your ancestors set their sights on our homeland. We once gave them a large place to live; yes, they were not satisfied. You actually want our entire homeland. Now, you have become a huge nation, and we almost have no place to live. "Who said this to whom? ( )

A. South Africa's indigenous people speak to the white ruling class B. Speech by North American Indians to White Americans

C. Taiwan aboriginal speech to Japanese colonial rulers D. The speech of the black slaves transported to America to the slave owners

14. A book describes: "Writers and thinkers from all over the world can receive warm hospitality here. There have been some gatherings hosted by famous and knowledgeable ladies. Writers and scholars can discuss various issues in a broad and open manner. Participants often He became famous for his eloquence and wit.

"This scenario is most likely to appear in ( )

A. Athens during the classical Greek era B. Milan during the Renaissance

C. London during the Reformation D. Enlightenment period Paris

15. Some scholars believe that “the end of the 18th century to the middle of the 19th century was an era of great turmoil for the European continent, and it was also an era of historical change. "The economic factors that triggered the "historic change" are ( )

A. The initial formation of the world market B. The beginning of the industrial revolution

C. The establishment of the capitalist system D. The emergence of the labor movement Development

16. A scholar recalled his life and said: “When I was born, the Inquisition had just been abolished. When I was a child, I saw the first railway in the country opened to traffic. Later, I witnessed workers’ protests and riots in various places. I fought in several wars and saw the country unify. When I was engaged in scientific research, I only had works on physiological optics when combined with physical medicine. "This scholar should be ( )

A. German scientist Helmholtz (1821-1894) B. Polish-French scientist Marie Curie (1867-1934)

C ． Italian scientist Marconi (1874-1937) D. German scientist Einstein (1879-1955)

17. According to statistics, the absolute value of Guangzhou’s foreign trade declined in the second half of the 1840s. According to the trend, the total trade volume with the United Kingdom dropped from 31 million yuan to 16 million yuan, and the number of American merchant ships coming to Guangzhou dropped from 93 to 70. The main reason for the above phenomenon is ( )

A. Actively boycott foreign goods B. The Treaty of Nanjing opened up five ports to trade

C. Sino-foreign trade decreased after the Opium War D. The Qing government restricted Guangzhou’s foreign trade

18. November 1845 On the 29th, the Qing government's Su Song Taibing Daoist official Mu Jiu and Bafuer jointly announced the "Shanghai Land Regulations" (The Shanghai Land Regulations), and accordingly established Shanghai ( )

A. Concession B. American Concession D. Public Concession

19. There is such a group of people in Chinese history. , young children studying in the United States, and the Beiyang Navy. Which of the following is consistent with the thinking of "this group of people"?

A. Learn from the foreigners and use their skills to control them. >C. The idea of ??"Chinese body with Western application" D. Democratic *** and "Battle", the Russians threatened to "defend the Slavic brothers". These impulsive slogans and actions eventually led to which war? ( )

A. Franco-Prussian War B. Crimean War C. Russia and Turkey War D. World War I

21. The following phenomena concerning transportation in modern China reflect social progress: ()

A. ”

B. “If a Chinese carriage overtakes a foreign carriage from behind, it will be treated as a violation”

C. “The rickshaw puller hates the carriage, and the carriage driver hates the car”

D. “Chinese people ride horse-drawn carriages mostly for people who have nothing to do, so the carriages are only for sightseeing.”

22. At the beginning of the 20th century, Liang Qichao advocated “for all The people write history and write the history of all the people." This set off a "revolution in history."

Liang Qichao proposed this idea mainly due to ( )

① The transformation of modern Chinese society ② The urgent needs of the people

③ The continuous influence of the introduction of Western learning ④ The strong support of the ruling class

A. ①② B． ①③ C. ①④ D. ③④

23. There is a couplet: "The vernacular can communicate with the gods, Dream of Red Mansions, Water Margin, it's incredible. Ancient Chinese is disgusting, Ouyang Xiu, Han Yu, what are they." Who is this couplet most likely to be written by ( )

A. Student of Capital University during the Westernization Movement B. Students studying at Tongwenguan School in the late Qing Dynasty

C. Students at Peking University in the early years of the Republic of China D. Students who participated in the series during the Cultural Revolution

24. A historian described a certain event in a paper on modern Chinese history: "The most important thing is the patriotic movement-the anti-imperialist movement. ... to regain our country's sovereignty in Qingdao; on the other hand, it is to promote Young people’s self-awakening..." What is this incident? ( )

A. Revolution of 1911 B． May 4th Movement c. Marco Polo Bridge Incident D. Cultural Revolution

25. The chapter list of a textbook "New Foreign Geography" includes: "General Introduction to Mainland China, Manchuria, Persia, India, Siam, French Asia, British Malay Peninsula, British Canada and the Dark Continent", etc. Which of the following is the most accurate understanding of this book ( )

A. This was the British view of world geography in the early eighteenth century

B. This is the American description of world geography in the early nineteenth century

C. This is the Japanese classification of world geography in the early twentieth century

D. This is China’s narrative of the emergence of a new country after World War II

26. When a historical research study group explored "history in film and television materials", they discovered that the TV series "Latent" repeatedly showed scenes of Kuomintang generals snapping up gold and U.S. dollars in the late stages of the Liberation War. The main reason why U.S. dollars were snapped up like gold at that time was ( )

A. The publication of the United Nations Declaration B. The impact of the Bretton Woods Agreement

C. Requirements of the United Nations Charter D. "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade" stimulates

27. Nobel Prize winner in economics Joseph E. Stiglitz believes: "Globalization has not served the majority of the world's poor people, nor has it served the environment, nor has it served global stability." Joseph E. Stiglitz The basis for Tiglitz to draw this conclusion should be ( )

①Globalization has further widened the gap between the rich and poor in the world ②Globalization has led to further deterioration of the global environment

③Global Globalization has increased the economic risks of developing countries ④ Globalization has promoted the optimal allocation of international resources

A. ①②③ B. ①②④ C. ①③④ D. ②③④

28. In 1954, after Tong Ren Tang implemented a public-private partnership, the workers were very motivated. Their feeling is: "No matter how we used to work for our boss, after the public-private partnership, we have to work for ourselves." This is because the enterprises after the public-private partnership

( )

A. Change private ownership to public ownership B. Exclude capitalist management

C. Improve labor productivity D. Becoming owned by capitalists and owned by workers

29. In 1980, Zhuhai was an ordinary small county. In the 1990s, Zhuhai developed into a modern city with a beautiful environment, and won the United Nations "International Best Example of Improving the Living Environment Award."

"The main reason for Zhuhai's rapid development is ( )

A. Adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao B. Policy support C. Leading technology D. Rich resources

30. A scholar believes: "Except for the West There is no viable alternative to liberal democracy. … The world-wide ideological struggle will no longer exist, and will be replaced by economic circulation, endless solutions to technical problems, environmental problems, and the satisfaction of delicate consumer needs. "The above statement is most likely to appear in ( )

A. After the British Glorious Revolution B. When the Russian October Revolution was successful

C. After the founding of New China D. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War

31. The “historical fact” and “inference” in the following table should be more appropriate ( )

Historical Facts Inference

Discovered in Erlitou, Yanshi, Henan There are large palaces in the Neolithic ruins A. The Erlitou ruins are geographically consistent with the Xia Dynasty recorded in the literature, proving the existence of the Xia Dynasty

B. The stratigraphic age of the Erlitou ruins is consistent with the time of the legendary Xia Dynasty. It is quite similar, proving the existence of the Xia Dynasty

C. The cultural relics unearthed in Erlitou can prove the legend of Xia Yu's flood control

D. The large palace buildings show that social divisions and powerful power structures already existed

32． , set up laws and regulations to rule them, punish them severely to prohibit them, so that all the people in the world will be governed and harmonious. "Based on this, judge Xunzi ( )

A. Advocates evil nature and opposes good nature B. Advocates the combination of etiquette and law

C. Emphasizes the implementation of severe punishments and laws D. Advocates government with virtue

33. The Tang poem "The Ballad of Ji Di" writes: "The cold in the water country is gone and the spring days are long, and the orioles are urging the flower branches to be busy. The wind blows and the golden list falls into the mortal world, and thirty-three people have fragrant names. "The system reflected in this poem ( )

A. Stabilize the authoritarian centralized political system B. Promote a lasting reading culture

C. Enrich the talents and power of ancient scientific research D. Reflecting the relative justice of society

34. “If we look at the changes in the entire structure of the Russian state in 1861, we will inevitably admit that this change was on the road to transforming the feudal monarchy into a bourgeois monarchy. step. This is true not only from an economic point of view, but also from a political point of view. "This passage from Lenin can be understood as ( )

A. The reforms cleared the way for the development of capitalism in Russia

B. After the reforms, Russia established a bourgeois parliamentary system

C. Reform promoted Russia’s modernization development process

D. Reform had a certain impact on Russia’s political economy

35. The picture on the right was created after the Wuchang Uprising. The word "国" was intentionally written as "囻". This phenomenon was often seen in leaflets, slogans, newspapers, etc. at that time, indicating that the concept that had gradually gained popularity at that time should be the first to recommend ( )

A. Public sentiment B. National unity

C. Democracy*** and D. Changes in folk customs

Volume II non-choice question (***75 points)

36. The relationship between the king and the people in the eyes of thinkers

In the political development of China and foreign countries, the relationship between the king and the people was a subject that was explored by both Eastern and Western thinkers.

Read the following materials and answer the questions: (14 points)

Material 1: Mencius believed that the acquisition of monarchy depends on both the destiny of heaven and the people's support; Dong Zhongshu advocated that "the emperor is ordered by heaven, and the world is Ordered by the Emperor."

Material 2: Locke (1632-1704) believed that "human beings are born free, equal, and independent." Therefore, people concluded contracts, formed countries, and divided political power into legislation, administration, and external power. . The people elect representatives to form a legislative body with the highest power and choose the form of the state; the other two powers are held by the monarch. Once the law is enacted, no one can rely on their own authority to evade the sanctions of the law.

Material 3: Kang Youwei said in a draft memorial: The strength of the countries in the East and West is due to the establishment of constitutions and congresses. The National Assembly is where the monarch and the people discuss the political and legal affairs of a country. If a benevolent king and millions of citizens are integrated into one body, will the national security be strong? Our country has an autocratic government system. One king and several ministers govern the country. How can the country be secure? It is better to count millions than to count people, it is natural to count them. He also said in the note of "Japan's Political Revolution": I am here now, but it is not the right time.

(1) What are the similarities and differences between the views of the two thinkers in Material 1? (2 points)

(2) Summarize Locke’s thoughts in Material 2 (the original text may not be copied). What are the main differences between it and Montesquieu’s ideas? (5 points)

(3) How did Britain embody Locke’s basic ideas in the process of becoming a modern democratic country? (2 points)

(4) What is the purpose of the memorial in Material 3? Use the knowledge you have learned to explain the social reasons for "it is not the right time yet". (3 points)

(5) Summarize the relationship between Kang Youwei’s thoughts and the traditional Chinese thoughts reflected in Material 1 and the modern Western thoughts reflected in Material 2. (2 points)

37. The evolution of civilization

Historically speaking, the meaning of modernization refers to political democratization, economic industrialization, and urbanization in social life. , liberalization in the ideological field, humanization of culture, etc. Under this guidance, the evolution of human civilization has also been promoted. The student club of a certain school organized students to discuss this and elaborated on the following topic.

Read the following materials and answer the questions (14 points)

Topic 1: Bronze Civilization in Ancient China

A museum has a collection of bronze ware "Weizhi" from the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty , the inscription inside the vessel records: "Qiu Wei exchanged Yuzhang with the noble Jubo for 80 pengs (currency units) of land. This exchange procedure was approved by the five nobles and completed under the supervision of relevant departments. Through this Along the way, Qiu Wei accumulated a lot of wealth. According to the Western Zhou ritual system, the third generation of the Qiu Wei family was buried with nine tripods and eight guis. /p>

Theme 2: The Rule of Law Civilization in Western Society

The "Napoleonic Code" is now in a museum. The following is an excerpt from it:

Theme 3: Two Types of Modern Economy Model

A classmate established a personal history museum and collected the following two pictures:

Jiefang brand cars produced from 1953 to 1957 by the Tennessee Water Conservancy Project constructed in the United States in the 1930s

p>

Theme 4: China’s Modern Political Civilization

A museum displays two plans for the design of the new China’s national emblem. Plan 1 is based on a jade wall, with the name of the country, five red stars, and Golden gears, golden golden harvests and other elements. Plan 2 is an improved pattern that retains the red five-star, golden gears, golden golden harvests and other elements, and adds the Tiananmen pattern.

Plan 1 Plan 2

(1) Based on the materials in Topic 1, complete the following table.

(4 points)

Information content Information analysis

The land exchange was completed under supervision ①

The land and Yuzhang were exchanged in units of friends, which can explain the society of the Western Zhou Dynasty The commodity economy has developed, but the level is not high

② This can indicate that the phenomenon of overstepping the etiquette system has appeared in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty

The inscriptions of bronzes ③

The casting of bronzes Craftsmanship ④

(2) Summarize the principles of the clauses in topic two and point out the ideological source of the document. (4 points)

(3) What are the different purposes of the economic models reflected in the two pictures in theme three? What is the alternative? (3 points)

(4) Combined with the major historical events since the 20th century, talk about your understanding of the theme four plan ② adding the Tiananmen pattern. (3 points)

38. The driving force of social development

Reform is the driving force of social development and one of the important factors that promote the advancement of civilization.

Read the materials and answer the questions. (11 points)

Material 1: What I give to the people is just enough, and their honor will not be diminished or increased; even for those who are powerful and wealthy, I will not cause them to suffer injustice. loss; I hold a large shield in my hand to protect both sides, preventing either side from unfairly gaining an advantage. ——Solon

Material 2: Qin Xiaogong served as Shang Yang. Martingale said that the land of the Three Jin Dynasties was narrow and the people were poor, and the land of Qin was vast and the people were few, so the grass could not be cultivated and the land could not produce all its benefits. So he lured the people of the three Jin Dynasties and benefited their fields and houses... (to make them) focus on the inside, and make the people of Qin deal with the enemy outside. Therefore, the wells and fields were abandoned and the fields were built, allowing them to be cultivated in any amount. Within a few years, the country became rich and powerful, and became invincible. ——"Tongdian·Shihuo"

Material 3: Han Qi, a well-known famous official, said: "I have issued the edict of Qingmiao to benefit small farmers, and do not allow mergers and acquisitions to take advantage of the urgency of double interest, while the public has nothing to do. To facilitate their entry. The treaty established now is that all households from the first to the next level will borrow money from Guanmo, and those above the third level will be allowed to borrow more."

——Excerpted from "History of the Song Dynasty? Food and Goods". Journal"

Material 4: The goal of the reformers is exactly our goal. Their plan is good, but it is a bit unrealistic and hasty. However, about thirty years ago, didn’t most outsiders comment on Japan’s Meiji Restoration in the same way? Didn’t the Meiji Restoration sweep away Japan’s old order? It's impossible to make an omelet without breaking the eggs.

——Letter from "The Times" editor-in-chief Ji Leer to the newspaper's Beijing correspondent Morrison (November 25, 1898)

1. Summarize the guiding ideology of Solon's reforms in Material 1. What were the results of its reforms? (2 points)

2. What is the fundamental purpose of Shang Yang's "luring the people of the Three Jin Dynasties" in Material 2? What was the result? (3 points)

3. The purpose of the treaty established in Material 3. (2 points)

4. How do you understand the material "it's impossible to make an omelet without breaking the eggs"? What measures did the Meiji government take in order to "break the egg"? (3 points)

5. Based on the above materials, talk about your understanding of the reform. (1 point)

39. International configuration

International configuration refers to the composition of international relations within a certain historical development cycle, in which national interests and national forces converge. It is a structural state and situation formed by the interconnectedness, mutual restriction and interaction of strategic power roles such as sovereign states and national groups and their combination forms.

Describe the development and evolution of the international pattern in the 20th century.

(12 points)

40. Centralization

Mr. Ma Weidu once said in "The Enlightenment of History": "Any social system has the genes and characteristics of its own national culture. Any social system has its own advantages and disadvantages. I don’t think the American political system is impeccable, and I don’t think China’s political system is faultless. China has a long history of traditional culture, so we have strong cultural recognition. Therefore, our social system must operate under culture."

Read the materials and answer the questions. (24 points)

Material 1: In agricultural society, the level of productivity is relatively low, and the corresponding system characteristic is autocracy. However, in the pre-capitalist period, the centralized system was continuously strengthened and improved, which is a unique feature of China's system construction. ...The establishment of the prefecture and county system in the Qin Dynasty was the most critical step in the form of centralized power. "Xian" is the ancient character for "Xuan", and "Xuan" means vertical. ...The formation and development of the political pattern of "grand unification" in ancient China are closely related to the continuous improvement of the centralized system. … In the development process of more than two thousand years, the significance of centralization to the continuity of Chinese civilization cannot be ignored.

——Tao Tao "Some Thoughts on "Centralization""

Material 2: The framers of the constitution had two goals that needed to be achieved at the same time: first, to establish the country; The United States became a country only by uniting the 13 loosely independent states under the Articles of Confederation and establishing a federal government that could exercise sufficient power to replace the Confederacy. The second is power restriction. Restricting power is the foundation of constitutionalism. The power of this federal government must be appropriate, and mechanisms to limit its own power must be set in it from the beginning. ——Qian Mansu, "The Changes of American Liberalism"

Material 3: The federation can create a healthy and strong political situation and maintain the peace and security of the United States. An efficient national government and a harmonious federation are effective means of dealing with external aggression. It can pool the country's human and material resources for any purpose. ——Gu Su's "Basic Ideas of Liberalism"

Material 4: In the pre-Yuan Dynasty, in the political college, everything must be reported first and then reported. His ruler is often ignorant and obscure, which leads to poor sentiment among the people and leads to great chaos, which should be taken as a warning. ——Yu Ruji's "Manuscripts of the Ministry of Rites"

Material 5: From the emergence of capitalism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the eve of the Opium War, it was always lingering in the budding state. ...The Eight-part Writing System for Recruiting Scholars and the Daxing Literary Prison were a method used by the rulers of the Ming Dynasty to suppress intellectuals.

——Zheng Baoqi's "General History of Ancient China"

1. What are the reasons and characteristics of the implementation of the centralized power system in ancient China mentioned in Material 1? (3 points)

2. Material 2: How did the United States “set up mechanisms to limit its own power from the very beginning”? (2 points)

3. Please interpret the point of view of material three based on the history of the 1930s and 1940s. (4 points)

4. Based on the above materials, comment on the centralized system.

(15 points)

Reference answers 2012.4

Multiple choice questions:

1. B． 2. B． 3． D. 4. A. 5. B． 6. B． 7． D. 8. D. 9. D. 10. C.

11. D. 12． C. 13． B． 14. D. 15． A. 16． A. 17． B． 18. A. 19. C. 20. D.

21. A. twenty two. B． twenty three. C. twenty four. B． 25． C. 26. B． 27. D. 28. A. 29. B． 30. D.

Question number 3 points 1 point 1 point 0 points

31 D A B C

32 B A C D

33 A B D C

34 C A D B

35 C A B D

Paper II non-choice questions (***75 points)

36． (1) Same as: deifying the power of kings; (1 point) Difference: Mencius deified the power of kings while emphasizing the people-centeredness. (1 point)

(2) Freedom and equality, the idea of ??separation of powers, the idea of ??rule of law (or parliamentary politics). (1 point per point) Locke proposed the theory of separation of powers, (1 point) Montesquieu clearly proposed the principle of separation of legislative, judicial and executive powers. (1 point)

(3) The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689, (1 point) initially establishing a constitutional monarchy. (1 point)

(4) Implementing a constitutional monarchy is the way to a strong country. (1 point) The long-term monarchical autocratic rule has limited influence of democratic ideas; (1 point) National capitalism is insufficiently developed and the reformists are weak. (1 point)

(5) Criticized the feudal monarchy’s autocratic thought, (1 point) (or inherited and transformed China’s traditional people-centered thought); borrowed from Western Enlightenment thought. (1 point)

37. (1) ① It can be shown that land can be legally exchanged in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and ② the funerary objects are "Five Tripods and Eight Gui". ③ can be used to study the characters of the middle Western Zhou Dynasty, ④ can be used to study the handicraft technology of the Western Zhou Dynasty. (1 point for each item)

(2) Everyone is equal before the law, (1 point) Private property is sacred and inviolable. (1 point) Roman law (1 point) and Enlightenment thought. (1 point)

(3) China serves the development of heavy industry (or serves socialist industrialization), (1 point) the United States increases employment to stimulate consumption (or alleviates the economic crisis). (1 point) It is all state regulation and intervention in the economy. (1 point)

(4) The May Fourth Movement in 1919 kicked off the new democratic revolution. (1 point) The founding ceremony in 1949 witnessed the birth of New China. (1 point) The addition of the Tiananmen pattern reflects the unyielding national spirit of the Chinese people against imperialism and feudalism. (1 point)

38. 1. Social justice (or class reconciliation) laid the foundation for Athenian democratic politics. (Or one of the milestones of Athenian democracy) (2 points)

2. With a rich country and strong military, (1 point) Qin became the most powerful country among the seven countries, and (1 point) unified China. (1 point)

3. Protect small farmers, curb mergers, and increase national income. (2 points for any two points)

4. Reform must change the old political system. (1 point) Abolition of feudal vassals and establishment of counties, (1 point) Return of copyright (1 point) (1 point if written to establish centralization).

5. Reform will promote social development, etc. (Points will be given if the statement makes sense) (1 point)

39. The outbreak of World War I broke the capitalist world system formed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (1 point). The Paris Peace Conference and the Washington Conference established The Versailles-Washington system was established (2 points), and the League of Nations was established as its maintenance body (1 point). The world economic crisis from 1929 to 1933 seriously affected the stability after World War I (1 point), and World War II broke the Versailles-Washington system (1 point). After World War II, major powers such as the United States and the Soviet Union organized the post-war world and formed the Yalta System (1 point), with the United Nations as its safeguarding agency (1 point). At the same time, they established the Bretton Woods System (1 point) centered on the U.S. dollar.

In order to compete for world hegemony, the United States and the Soviet Union formed a bipolar confrontation pattern in the form of the Cold War (1 point). In the 1980s and 1990s, Eastern Europe experienced drastic changes, the Soviet Union collapsed, and the Cold War ended (1 point). With the growth of the power of the European Union, Japan and developing countries, the world is moving toward multipolarity (1 point).

40. 1. In an agricultural society, productivity levels are low. (1 point) Power is concentrated in the central government (or the emperor has overall power over the country), (1 point) officials at all levels from the central to local governments are directly appointed and removed by the emperor (or the central government directly controls the local governments). (1 point)

2. The "1787 Constitution" (1 point) uses the principle of separation of powers to implement restrictions and balances on power. (1 point)

3. The specific measures of Roosevelt's New Deal saved the capitalist system and created a new model of state monopoly capitalism; he signed the "United Nations Declaration", formed an anti-fascist alliance, and defeated fascist countries. (1 point for each historical fact, 1 point for influence, total score not exceeding 4 points)