The local customs, folk arts, cultural relics and historical sites and folk customs of Xiaoshan (reproducible)

Xiaoshan, formerly known as Yu Ji and Yongxing.

One's greatness brings glory to a place.

Xiaoshan was built as Yuji in AD 2, and renamed in the first year of Tang Tianbao (AD 742), which has been in use ever since. Hunan Lake has a long history and is famous earlier than West Lake. It is surrounded by mountains and waters and is famous for its beautiful scenery. The story of Gou Jian, the King of Yue, is a household name and has been passed down through the ages. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's four beauties, He, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, Ge, a national hero, a famous painter and a modern politician, left a brilliant chapter for Xiaoshan!

Adhering to the historical context, Xiaoshan people have formed a unique entrepreneurial culture and created the "Xiaoshan spirit" of "running endlessly and bravely standing in the forefront". From the spirit of reclamation in those days to the spirit of "four thousand", "fight against the strong, fight against the brave and go forward bravely" Nowadays, the people of Xiaoshan are enriching and developing the Xiaoshan spirit with the times. It has evolved into a vivid practice of integrating into Hangzhou, building a new Xiaoshan and leading new development, and is becoming a powerful driving force for building a prosperous, harmonious and modern Xiaoshan. This is the real Xiaoshan.

Customized specialty

Xiaoshan dried radish

Speaking of Xiaoshan, I have to mention Xiaoshan dried radish! How delicious a fried bacon with dried radish is! Xiaoshan dried radish is produced in Xiaoshan City, Zhejiang Province. Named after the city's "one knife" radish, it is similar in length to a kitchen knife and can be divided into two halves when processed. It has the characteristics of Huang Liang color, uniform strip shape, suitable salty and sweet, crisp and tender, and is a good food for breakfast. According to "China Local Products Shop", Xiaoshan dried radish "has the functions of anti-inflammation, heatstroke prevention and appetizing, and is delicious for breakfast". The main producing areas are located in Xiaoshan's Kanshan, Zheshan, Wan Xin, Peng Yi, Guali, Chengbei and other towns.

Dried radish is cylindrical, with a diameter of 4 ~ 5cm and a weight of about 150g. Its skin is thick and white with low water content. The processing method also adopts the wind dehydration method. The knife is cut into strips, each with an edge skin, and then spread in the sun, turned over several times a day, and covered at night to prevent the fog from getting wet. Sun for 2 ~ 3 days, soft to the touch and can be pickled. Put the radish strips into a container, add salt and mix well, and knead vigorously until the salt melts. Batch into the cylinder, step by step, two days after the cylinder, evenly spread out in the sun, frequently turn. After three or four days, add a proper amount of salt, mix well, put it in a cylinder layer by layer, compact it layer by layer, cover it with salt and seal it. It usually takes about a week to make. The finished product does not need roots, spots, green heads and rotten strips, and it will not rot after years and its fragrance will not be scattered. This product has a production history of more than 800 years.

Xiaoshan lace

Speaking of Xiaoshan, another specialty is Xiaoshan lace and China cross stitch! Xiaoshan lace, also known as Wanlvsi and Wanli, was introduced into Xiaoshan Kanshan Town from Venice in the early 20th century. After more than 70 years of development and innovation, the original patterns have developed from monotonous to various types, including more than 2,000 kinds of bedspreads, tablecloths, curtains, sofa cover, cushions, brooches and embroidered shirts, with novel composition, elegant colors, diverse stitches and exquisite skills. Its products are exported to more than 50 countries and regions. The giant lace curtain in Zhejiang Hall of the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, the lace curtain in Ningxia Hall and the panoramic view of the West Lake in the VIP room of Hangzhou Airport are all representative works of Xiaoshan lace. Now handmade lace is an extremely precious work of art!

Xiaoshan dried vegetables

Another is the traditional specialty Xiaoshan dried vegetables in Yinong Town. Yinong Town (formerly Jiazao Township) originally belonged to Shaoxing County, so it has always been named after "Shaoxing Dried Vegetable". This product is made of large leaf mustard, which is rich in aroma, delicious, smooth and unchangeable for a long time. It is a popular food eaten all year round. Braised meat with dried vegetables is a famous dish with traditional folk flavor.

Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan

Yangmei is a specialty of Zhejiang. Xiaoshan, Cixi, Yuyao, Lanxi and other places are the producing areas of Myrica rubra, among which Myrica rubra produced in Dujia area of Xiaoshan is the most famous. This kind of bayberry has large particles, 28 to 30 per 500 grams. Small core, round meat column and fresh and sweet taste. Generally, it matures in summer to about 5 days in the future. The cultivation of Myrica rubra in Xiaoshan has a long history, with more than 40 varieties such as early color, late color, white Myrica rubra and grass plum. Myrica rubra has the characteristics of large fruit, small stone and sweet juice. So it can be said that where is the best bayberry in the world? The answer is of course Xiaoshan!

Sanhuang chicken

The origin of the small pheasant is that the fighting cocks raised in the Yue Palace were introduced to the people during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so it is also called "Yue Chicken". Because of its yellow beak, yellow feathers and yellow feet, it is also called "Sanhuang Chicken". This kind of chicken is rich in fat, white and tender in meat, delicious in taste, fast in early growth, strong in disease resistance, strong in foraging ability and strong in adaptability, and it is one of the eight excellent chicken breeds in China. The main producing areas are Guali, Peng Yi and Chengbei.

Southern Song Dynasty official kiln porcelain

The official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty is the first of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty. In A.D. 1276, the downfall of the Southern Song Dynasty led to the destruction of the official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty, which naturally became the last funerary object in the Southern Song Dynasty and disappeared in the long river of history. Professor Guozhen Ye, a master of ceramic arts and crafts in China and a ceramic expert who has made outstanding contributions to the country, began to inspect the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln site (the Southern Song Dynasty porcelain kiln site in Wuguishan, Hangzhou) on 1968 in order not to make China celadon, represented by the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, become a "swan song". In the long experiment, after more than 2000 times of formula adjustment, 100 experiments were carried out day and night, and finally 1978.

Qianjiang beer

Qianjiang Beer is produced by Qianjiang Brewery, brewed with local high-quality raw materials and seasonal mineral water. Brewing in a large open-air horizontal tank in Daochuang, China, and filling a complete set of flowing water equipment imported from West Germany. The wine is light yellow and clear, and the wine is mellow and refreshing. "Qianjiang Beer" and "Qianjiang Qingquan Beer" successively won the titles of excellent products of the Ministry and the province, and "China Beer" was exported to the United States.

Canned water shield

Water shield is native to the south of the Yangtze River in China, with Xianghu Lake, West Lake and Taihu Lake being the most famous. However, regardless of the quality, cultivation time and historical popularity of water shield, Hu Xiang water shield was the first to be popularized. The Southern Song Dynasty's "Huiji" contained: "Xiaoshan Hu Xiang is a special treasure." After Hangzhou's cooking "West Lake Water Shepherd Soup" became famous, most of the water shepherds used in it came from Xianghu Lake. The canning of water shield sold abroad also started from Xiaoshan.

Zhejiang longjing tea

Zhejiang Longjing Tea, comparable to the traditional famous tea "West Lake Longjing", is a rising star in Zhejiang famous tea spectrum. Xiaoshan is the birthplace and main producing area of Longjing tea in Zhejiang. The social value of Zhejiang Longjing tea in our city exceeds its economic value. When entertaining relatives and friends or after a festive banquet, if you can drink a cup of Longjing tea with good color, fragrance, taste and shape, it will add a cordial and warm atmosphere!

Xiaoshan custom

Xiaoshan belonged to Shaoxing in ancient times, so many customs and habits are the same as Shaoxing. Xiaoshan belongs to Wuyue Cultural District. Therefore, many customs and habits in this area of Jiangnan are similar, and many customs are floating in the countryside, which is difficult to enumerate. Here are some customs and habits of Xiaoshan.

Lin pu ma Xiao Deng

The dragon lantern performance in Hengyi Village, Linpu Town originated in the Spring Festival of 1945 and continues to this day. In this village, almost every villager took part in the Dragon and Horse Lantern Festival. Nowadays, in various large-scale cultural activities held in Xiaoshan, this amateur dragon and horse lantern performance team has made frequent appearances, such as this year's Lantern Festival and the just-concluded Dangshan Temple Fair, all of which have their wonderful performances. The relevant person in charge of the District Culture, Radio, Film and Television Press and Publication Bureau said that it is very rare for a village to have such a profound cultural heritage. Burning locusts

In Xiaoshan County Records of past dynasties, almost all the Lantern Festival is a custom record decorated with lanterns. In fact, in the northern sandy land, the Lantern Festival has never had the custom of lighting; Its unique festivals are like burning locusts, picking up purple aunts and eating rape fried rice cakes. Besides, burning locusts.

The so-called burning locusts means burning them on the reeds by the pond or thatched grass on the ridge of the field on the night of the fourteenth day of the first month, or tying torches with hemp stalks and straw wrapped by oneself, running and burning in the field and shouting loudly: "Wow! Wow! Hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe, hehehe. It is said that the purpose of setting fire to grass so cheerfully is to burn eggs to herald a good year, so it is called burning locusts.

Most people who burn locusts are little boys and boys, and there are fewer older men, such as men in their 30 s and 40 s. No one organized or mobilized. At most, the excited children encouraged each other during the day, but when it was getting dark, there were sporadic torches and flames on the vast sand plain, and gradually there was a roar of "flowers roar", followed by more and more flames and cries. In the blink of an eye, there are flowing torches everywhere. The firewood for burning locusts is mainly reeds and thatch left by the pond. Whoever goes out late and can't burn all the weeds and reeds will spend some firewood himself. Some children tied two or three bamboo shoots, let the torch burn, and even poured kerosene and diesel oil, so that they held the torch high and shouted and ran in the wheat field.

In the years of burning locusts in the sand, I have never heard of anyone catching fire because of it. Perhaps it is because there are many huts in the sand that even children and burning locusts pay more attention to the fire. Occasionally, I heard someone swear. It's just that the naughty boy burned his straw pile, or took several bundles of twisted hemp stalks. But it seems that burning locusts is right, and no one will sympathize with his scolding.

Burning locusts has become a holiday custom, which is inseparable from frequent locust plagues in the history of sandy land. In Xiaoshan 1929, the recorded catastrophic locust plague also occurred in sandy land. Locust is like a big grasshopper, with developed hind legs and good at jumping and flying. It feeds on gramineous plants, and its hard mouthparts can eat the whole cotton and corn, leaving only one polished rod. They also have the habit of living in groups, and their reproductive ability is extremely strong. In the dry season, they spread very fast and often fly in the dark. Everywhere they go, large crops are destroyed. There was no pesticide to control insects before, and the only way was to catch them manually. Locusts lay eggs in short and curved ovipositor tubes, and the eggs are produced in pieces at the roots of crops. The main way to remove ovaries is to burn them. Lantern Festival and Spring Festival activities have ended, and spring ploughing production is about to begin. Taking the burning of locusts as one of the contents of the Lantern Festival naturally implies the intention of not forgetting the plague of locusts and taking agriculture as the foundation.

The old county annals all said, "The people in the east lost their simplicity, while the people in the west lost their courtesy." As a sandy land in the east of Xiaoshan, burning locusts is despised by local chroniclers because of its meanness. In fact, it fully reveals the "simplicity" closely related to people's livelihood; In contrast, the lanterns in Xitu are really a little lost. large flat-bottomed junk

In the sandy plain, rivers are like nets. In the past, transportation mainly depended on ships.

For hundreds of years, there have been many kinds of boats in the sand with many names. In terms of rivers, there are inland river boats and outer river boats; In terms of load capacity, there are small boats, large ships, six-ton ships and ten-ton ships. In terms of awning, there are covered boats, white-covered boats, full-covered boats, single-covered boats and bare-faced boats. There are rowing boats, paddle boats, bull tugboats, pole boats, sailing boats, paddle boats, wheel tugboats and so on. Both of them are "paddle boats" with different names because of their different uses, such as harbor boats, sailboats, clippers, mud boats, ash boats, egrets, grave-sweeping boats and so on. Here, the selection of several distinctive ships is introduced as follows.

New tugboat

Before 1950s, there were many sandy rivers and banks here, but both banks were muddy soil. When it rains, all the silt flows, and the bend of the river is very shallow. When the weather is clear, larger ships can't pass. Therefore, cattle tugboat has become the most common mode of water transportation.

Cattle tug is a group of boats (usually six) towed by buffalo. A man sat in front of the bow, holding a whip to command the buffalo; Another man, with a pole in his hand, walked back and forth on the boat behind him, correcting the crew at any time to avoid stranding. Cattle tugboat, with uniform style, is about one foot long and five feet wide, with shallow hull and flat surface, just like a normal boat, with its head and tail cut off, leaving only one cabin in the middle. This is very similar to the kneading ferries set up at some ferries in Shaoxing in the past. Because there is no special ferryman, pedestrians have to pull the ropes hanging on both sides of the boat to make the transition. In order to be stable and not capsized, the hull is almost square. Cattle tugboats are made in this shape for the same purpose. Because the hull is small, the draft is shallow, and the load is not big, the ox tugboat mainly transports farm tools, grain, pickles in jars, and miscellaneous daily necessities, in short, some light goods. This kind of boat can only be connected in series and towed by oxen, so it can't support and row a long distance, so it is also a special boat for oxen tugboats.

Buffalo have to step on the bottom of the river to tow this string of boats. Therefore, in the 1960s and 1970s, when the river was generally deep and wide, bull tugboats generally walked in the nearshore area with dew on the cows. Because buffaloes can swim in short distances, bull tugboats can also pass safely when they meet deep rivers such as Crossmouth. After the ship arrives at its destination, the owner's first task is to remove the yoke, take the cattle on board and feed them with refined feed such as oil cakes and corn. If it is winter, you should also add some soju to the feed to drive away the cold and keep warm. With the dredging of sandy rivers and the appearance of tugboats, there are fewer and fewer cattle tugboats. By the mid-1970s, it had completely disappeared.

Don't stick to the boat

Supporting the boat on another pole is another common way of sailing in the era of bull tugboat. Don't paddle, don't paddle, don't fiber, use a pole to "don't". The method is to insert the "pole-supporting old man" in the stern. When people hold the pole tip on the shore to push it, the boat will move forward. Not sticky, they are all as long as possible, and the bamboo below is not very thick. The stern of a sand boat is different from other places because it has to sail without poles. When shipbuilding, the stern is specially extended by more than one foot to form a hollow inverted triangle, and thick plates are nailed on both sides of the inverted triangle, and the support rods are inserted from the triangular holes so as not to clamp the thick plates. Therefore, even after the paddle is widely used, the stern is still in this style, except for small rowing. When sailing without poles, the bow is always slightly inward, and the stern is biased towards the center of the bay, so that the water can be held and the ship can be held. Although the promoters on the shore hold the pole, they all push it against their chests with the tip of the pole and lean forward, so as to make strength.

Port vessel

Port ship is a kind of ship used to transport passengers and goods during the day. They all set sail from one place in the morning, stopped at several docks along the way, got on and off some passengers, loaded and unloaded goods by the way, finally reached the finish line and returned to a place on the same day.

Guali Town, near Shaoxing, used to be the market center of radiating sandy land. There are many port ships to Guali everywhere in the sand, and there is one in almost every market town. Some are not market towns, but there are some vegetable vendors and harbor boats in the morning. The ship in the port has three cabins, and each cabin has a canopy, so people can't stand upright in the cabin, which is the so-called "full-cover ship". The canopy is made of bamboo, with a bamboo shell in the middle, which is semicircular and painted black with bituminous coal and tung oil, which makes it a "Wu Peng", but it is usually called a port ship, not a Wupeng ship.

There are passengers in the forecastle, passenger and cargo in the middle cabin, and the back cabin is where the boatman makes his bed and cooks. There are whole rows of sitting boards on both sides of the front cabin and the middle cabin for guests to sit on. Earlier, port ships were supported by other Poles. After the river is dredged, shake it with double oars and add one or two people to pull the fiber. The words "XX to Guali" are often written on its canopy, and there are some place names that stop halfway. There is an approximate time for sailing, stopping and reaching the destination. When the ship is about to set sail or dock, the boatman should take out a small gong and knock "hall, hall, hall" to welcome guests on and off the ship; Some people play conch, and the snoring spreads far away; There is also a tin trumpet player with a hoarse voice. Since 1970s, most port ships have used wheeled tugboats, with one ship in front and one or two wooden boats behind to transport passengers and goods. In the 1980s, tractors and cars flooded into the sand, and port ships disappeared.

Ships that ply between inland towns.

Sailing is a kind of ship that carries and transports passengers relative to port ships. Because it sails at night, it is also called "night sailboat". It has a long sailing distance and its destination is Shaoxing. This is equivalent to a long-distance bus now.

Compared with port ships, the hull of ships is much larger, usually around 40 tons. But the number is very small, only in larger market towns. The ship is also a "full-covered ship" with a canopy. The flight time is to set sail from a market town in the sand in the evening and arrive in Shaoxing at dawn the next day. Usually two boats are used, round trip. Mainly freight, few passengers, generally do not stop halfway.

The reason why the sand boat takes Shaoxing as its destination is because Dongsha is more convenient to Shaoxing. Most of the ships in the sand are in the eastern region. Once crossing Guali, it is Shaoxing water town with a wide river. Large market towns in the west, such as Changshan, Kanshan and Xixing, are all located near the Xiaoshao Canal. Passengers and goods between them and the city can transport night boats from Shaoxing to Xixing, and night boats have always been on this ancient canal without setting their own boats. Secondly, Xiaoshan has always been a county in Shaoxing, and it didn't belong to Hangzhou until 1959. Shaoxing is not only a mansion with a long history in the eyes of Sha people, but also the most prosperous city nearby, and its commercial trade is incomparable to Xiaoshan County. If you go to Hangzhou, the Qiantang River is like a natural barrier, and it is extremely inconvenient for ships to cross the river.

motorboat

The clipper is also a Japanese ship, carrying both passengers and goods. However, unlike port ships, they generally don't call at midway, or only call at one or two main docks, which is equivalent to the current "through train" or "through train".

The hull of the express ship is smaller than that of the port ship. Full canopy, back fiber and double sculls are the majority. In order to speed up, some people use three paddles. In the case of using three paddles, the middle paddle has the function of rudder and paddle. In order to avoid collision with the two paddles on the side, this paddle is almost upright, commonly known as "bottom-digging paddle". When sailing, the three men pushed and pitched, interspersed with each other, which was very rhythmic. The stern splashed and rattled, and the ship was extremely fast. Those who carry fiber often run a little. The rudders of the three oars are all inserted backwards at the stern, and the words "XX to Guali" are written on the purple rudder surface. Its transportation price is slightly more expensive than that of port ships. Funeral: small collection

"Xiaoshan asked about the customs. Funeral ":"People just die and stop in bed. When they mourn, they will kneel and cry ... after the sacrifice, they will stop in the west-facing hall. At night, monks or Taoist priests follow the door and do their own things, either hired by their families or given by relatives. Give them the cymbals, it's already morning, which means to dispel depression. If it's one night, three nights, five nights, or even seven nights, it depends on the wealth and cold temperature at home. It's time. It's time. He also ordered the door to be closed as soon as possible. Its folding, or cloth or silk, must be complete without any confusion. One or two relatives will get together and take a shower in their underwear. Every relative combs his hair three times and adds a foreign coat. Next time, he will do it, surround it, and then set it (big set). " Dragon Boat Temple Fair with the Characteristics of Xiaoyi Folk Language

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a woman named Cao E in Caojiabao, Shangyu. Her mother was from Jinjiabang Village, Xiaoshan. His father, Cao Xu, died in Shunjiang during the Dragon Boat Festival in the second year of Han 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao E cried for 17 day and night along the river, but she couldn't. On May 22nd, she resolutely jumped into the river to find her father. According to legend, five days later, she came out carrying her father's body, and her filial piety touched the whole village. There is a temple in history dedicated to Cao E, a filial daughter. Xiaojinjiabang in Xiaoshan is her grandmother's home. Out of respect for this granddaughter's filial piety, Cao E throws a dragon boat every year on May 22nd of the lunar calendar to commemorate her, forming a dragon boat temple fair with unique characteristics of filial piety and folk language. Dragon Boat Temple Fair lasted for three days and reached its climax on May 22nd.