What are the situations of complete inversion and partial inversion?

1. All inverted

1) Adverbs such as here, there, now, then, thus are placed at the beginning of the sentence, and predicate verbs are commonly used be, come, go, lie, run Verbs expressing coming and going or status. For example:

Then came the bus. Here is your letter.

2) The adverb or place adverb indicating the direction of movement is placed at the beginning of the sentence, and the predicate indicates the verb of movement.

Out rushed a boy.

Ahead sat an old woman.

But if the subject is a personal pronoun, it cannot be inverted, for example: Here you are. Away they went.

2 . Partial inversion

1) The beginning of the sentence is a negative or semi-negative word, such as no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until?, etc.

Never have I seen such a performance.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

When Not until leads to a master-slave compound sentence , the main clause is inverted, but the subordinate clause is not inverted. Note: If the negative word is not at the beginning of the sentence, do not invert it. For example: I have never seen such a performance.

The mother?didn't?leave the room until the child fell asleep.

2) Invert part of the negative word at the beginning< /p>

For example, Not only? but also, Hardly/Scarcely? when, No sooner? than, etc., should be reversed. For example:

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

3) so, neither, nor are partial inversions

Use these words to express "also" and "also" "No" sentences should be partially inverted. For example:

Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

If you won't go, neither will I.

4) only+ adverb/preposition/ The adverbial clause is at the beginning of the sentence and must be partially inverted

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

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If the sentence is a subject-subordinate compound sentence, the main clause is inverted, but the subordinate clause is not.

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.

5) as, though guided inversion sentence

as / though guided concession The clause must advance the predicate or adverbial (adjective, adverb, participle, substantive verb).

But please note:

1) The noun at the beginning of the sentence cannot take any article.

2) The content verb is at the beginning of the sentence, and other auxiliary verbs are placed after the subject. If the substantive verb has an object and an adverbial, it is placed before the subject along with the substantive verb. For example:

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Note: In the adverbial clause of concession, when there are though and although, the following main clause cannot There is but, but though and yet can be used together.

6) Invert other parts

1)) so? When so in that sentence pattern is at the beginning of the sentence, it needs to be inverted. For example:

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)) In some sentence patterns expressing wishes. For example:

May you all be happy. May you all be happy.

3)) In the subjunctive mood conditional sentence, the predicate verb of the clause includes words such as were, had, should, etc. You can omit if, move were, had, should before the subject, and adopt partial inversion. For example:

Were I you, I would try it again. If I were you, I would try it again.

In fact, when learning to flip, you need to remember to completely flip. The rest is basically partial flip, which is easy to remember.

Extended information:

Subject-predicate inversion

It is also called predicate preposition or subject postposition. in ancient Chinese. The position of the predicate is the same as in modern Chinese. It is usually placed after the subject. However, sometimes in order to emphasize and highlight the meaning of the predicate, in some questions or exclamatory sentences, the predicate is advanced before the subject. Example: It’s very, very unfair to you. The whole sentence is "You are very unfavorable." Predicate preposition means emphasis, which can be translated as "You are not smart"

Object preposition

In negative sentences, the pronoun serves as the object and the interrogative pronoun serves as the verb or preposition. When the object and the word "zhi" or "shi" are used as a symbol of teabing, the object is usually preceded.

In classical Chinese, the object of a verb or preposition is generally placed after the verb or preposition, except in the following situations:

① In interrogative sentences, the interrogative pronoun is used as the object, and the object is placed in front. . In this type of sentence, the object of the preposition is also prepositioned.

a Example of inversion of introduction and guest: "Why does Confucius call it 'Wen'?" "Why" is the inversion of "Yihe" and can be translated as "Why" People from Weisi, who am I? And return? "Who am I going back with" is the inversion of "Who am I going back with", which can be translated as "Who am I on the same path with?"

b Inversion of guest. Example: What is it about me? "He You" is the inversion of "What". In ancient Chinese, when interrogative pronouns are used as objects, they are usually placed in front of the predicate. Can be translated as "what is the same". Confucius said: "Why is there such a thing?" "What is there" is the inversion of "What is there". It can be translated as "How simple is it?" "He" is an interrogative pronoun, and "Zhi" is a particle with no real meaning. Here it is a sign of preposition of the object.

②. In negative sentences in classical Chinese, the pronoun serves as the object, and the object is placed in front. Example: Lying in a lonely village without feeling sorry for oneself "Don't feel sad for oneself" is the inversion of "Don't feel sad for oneself", which can be translated as "not feeling sad for oneself". "自" is a pronoun. In a negative sentence, the pronoun must be preceded as the object. Another example is "avoid lack of self-confidence", "confidence" means "believe in oneself", which means to believe in oneself.

③. Use "Zhi" or "是" to put the object in front of the verb to highlight the object. The "zhi" at this time is just a sign of the preposition of the object and has no real meaning. For example: "Who can share the love of lotus?" - "Love of lotus" is the inversion of "love lotus", which can be translated as "love for lotus". " Confucius said: "What shabby things are there?" - "What shabby things are there" is the inversion of "What shabby things are there". It can be translated as "What shabby things are there?". The "zhi" here is a particle and has no real meaning. , here is a sign of the preposition of the object.

④. The object of the preposition "Yi" is relatively active. Even if it is not an interrogative pronoun, it can also be placed in the preposition to express emphasis. For example: it is called "文". also.

"Yi Yi" is the inversion of "Yi Shi" and can be translated as "therefore". "Is" is a demonstrative pronoun that refers to the preceding cause.

⑤. Others, indicating emphasis. Traveling thousands of miles to the military plane, Guan Shandu Ruofei "Guan Shandu" is the inversion of "Du Guan Shan". It can be translated as "crossing a series of passes, crossing a series of mountains."

Attributive postposition

In ancient Chinese, in order to highlight the modifier, the attributive was sometimes placed after the central word.

In classical Chinese texts, the attributive is usually placed before the central word, but sometimes in order to highlight the status of the central word, emphasize the content expressed by the attributive, or make the tone smooth, the attributive is often placed after the central word.

①. "Central word + post-positioned attributive + person" means that the three husbands who led the descendants to bear the burdens, "the three husbands who bear the burdens" are the inversion of "the three husbands who bear the burdens", and the attributive "three husbands" is post-positioned to highlight the The central word "bearers" can be translated as "three adult men who can carry burdens." On the winding road, there is a pavilion standing over the spring, which is called the Drunkard Pavilion. "The pavilion's wings are on the spring" is an inversion of "the pavilion's wings are on the spring". The attributive is placed later and can be translated as "a pavilion that stands high on the spring like a bird spreading its wings."

②. "The central word + the + postpositioned attributive +" Example: I say chrysanthemum, which means the flower is reclusive. "Flower Hermit" is the inversion of "Hermit Flower". Can be translated as "a flower with a reclusive temperament"

③. Examples of quantifiers used as attributive postpositions: Chang Yi Yu He Zhou Yi, "He Zhou Yi" is the inversion of "一 Core Boat", and the attributive " "一" is postpositioned, which can be translated as "a nuclear boat"

The preposition-object structure is postpositioned

(also called adverbial postposition)

①. Use prepositions Most of the prepositional phrases composed of "yu" are postpositioned in classical Chinese. When translated into modern Chinese, except for a few translated as complements, most of them are moved before the verb as adverbials. Example: What’s in it for me? The whole sentence is an inverted sentence of "What is there for me", with the preposition and object structure "Yu me" placed after it.

Translated as "What's the same about me?" "Tell it to the Emperor" is the inversion of "Tell it to the Emperor". The preposition structure "Yu Di" is placed after it, which is translated as "Xiang Tiandi". The whole sentence is an inversion of "I worked hard in Nanyang and saved my life in the troubled times". The introduction and object structure is followed by "Yu Nanyang, in the troubled times", which can be translated as "Plowing in Nanyang personally, trying to survive in troubled times"

②. The preposition phrase composed of the preposition "Yi" is postpositioned. In today's translation, it is generally prepositioned as an adverbial. Example: Kill fear and throw bones into it. The whole sentence is an inversion of "with bones to cast it", and the preposition and object structure "with bones" is placed after it. Translated as "throw the bones to it", they made an alliance for the altar and sacrificed the captain's head. "Sacrifice with the captain's head" is the inversion of "sacrifice with the captain's head". The introduction structure is "with the captain's head" placed after it, which can be translated as "sacrifice with the captain's head." When you are drunk, you can enjoy it, and when you are awake, you can talk about it. Writer.

"Shu Yiwen" is the inversion of "Yi Wen Shu", and the introductory object structure "Yi Wen" is placed after it, which can be translated as "use words to describe". May your Majesty entrust your ministers to bring the thieves back to life. The effect of "asking ministers to bring the thieves back to life" is an inversion of "to ask the ministers to bring the thieves back to life", followed by the introduction structure "to bring the thieves back to life".