Zhang Guishuan ‖ Chinese Elements and Unit Chinese Elements

The unified textbook has arranged independent units since the third grade. In view of the arrangement of units, Chen Xianyun demanded that the arrangement system of teaching materials should be clarified and the development of objectives should be grasped. He emphasized that textbooks organize unit contents with broad humanistic themes, and each unit generally has two texts combined with the language elements of the unit to design thinking exercises after class; Some think about practicing three exercises or related columns after class, and transfer and use the Chinese elements learned before to set questions and design content, aiming at consolidating and upgrading and reflecting the development of the goal. After-class thinking training questions generally refer to intensive reading texts in textbooks, and skimming texts is generally arranged with pre-text prompts. Of course, the texts of strategy units include both after-class thinking training questions and pre-text prompts.

first, the unit lead

if it is written on the unit homepage, it is collectively called the unit lead. In fact, there are three contents arranged in the unit introduction. One is to indicate the order of the unit, such as the third unit and the fourth unit. The second is to determine the humanistic theme of this unit, because the textbook organizes the unit content with a broad humanistic theme. Humanistic theme is also called humanistic element. The third is to clarify the language elements of this unit. Therefore, the unit lead has distinct learning topics and clear learning objectives. Unit lead is a summary of unit clues, which contains the core content of the unit; The unit lead is the display of the unit's heavy and difficult points, prompting the learning objectives and heavy and difficult points; Unit lead is the guidance of learning strategies, which is principled, suggestive, necessary and instructive. In the unit lead, although there are not many words, such as labeling, the information coverage is large, and the understanding of the unit lead needs comprehensive consideration.

second, language elements

what is an "element"? The explanation in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: the necessary factors that constitute things.

what about the language elements? "Chinese elements" are simply understood as the basic elements of Chinese learning. Now, we need to re-understand the word "Chinese" in "Chinese elements". It should not refer to the subject or thing of "Chinese", but to the matter of "Chinese learning". In this way, its connotation is much clearer, including both Chinese knowledge and Chinese ability, as well as Chinese learning methods and habits. Then, "Chinese elements" include the contents of "what to learn" and "how to learn" in Chinese. Chinese elements should correspond to the learning content and objectives of the learning period, and also have operability and detectability.

Chen Xianyun, chairman of the National Small Language Association, clearly pointed out in the Construction of the Ability System for Compiling Chinese Textbooks for Primary Schools that Chinese elements include "basic methods, basic abilities, basic learning contents and study habits." Specifically: necessary Chinese knowledge, basic Chinese ability, appropriate learning strategies and good study habits. He demanded that the implementation of Chinese elements should focus on reading, expression (oral and written language) and habit. Therefore, Chinese elements need to be divided into several knowledge or ability training "points", which are distributed and embodied in each unit from the shallow to the deep, forming an explicit clue that runs through the whole set of teaching materials. Therefore, to understand Chinese elements from a macro perspective, we need to grasp the integrity of teaching materials, the continuity of learning periods and the systematicness of strategies.

third, the language elements of the unit

each unit has a "lead", and there are clear language elements in the lead, which are the language elements of the unit. The language elements in the unit have a specific direction, and some texts in the unit implement the language elements, which runs through the study and application of methods; Arrange "communication platform" column in Chinese garden to further strengthen Chinese elements, sort out and summarize, and refine learning methods; In some units, "the use of sentence segments" and "exercises" also guide students to practice the methods of learning in this unit; The contents of each part are interlocking and cooperate with each other, so that each unit forms a system.

Chen Xianyun emphasized that unit introduction ≠ language elements. The Chinese elements in the unit introduction suggest the teaching objectives of the unit rather than the teaching content. Teaching objectives and teaching contents overlap and cross, but they are not the same thing. This requires us not to understand the unit lead simply literally, but to really study the connotation of each item.

We need to return to the unit itself. From the practical point of view of this unit, we should study the unit language elements from the microscopic perspective, so that the unit language elements can be truly implemented, thus being operable and timely.

For example, Unit 7, unit theme "Mysteries of Heaven and Earth", unit humanistic elements: there are endless mysteries hidden between heaven and earth, waiting for us to find them. Unit Chinese elements: 1. Understand how things are written clearly in the text. 2. Learn to integrate information and introduce a thing.

It can be seen that textbooks organize unit contents with broad humanistic themes, including humanistic elements and Chinese elements. Unit language elements are more specific, which are implemented from two aspects: reading and expression. The text is a scaffold, such as the text "Our Wonderful World". Tell me from which aspects the text writes about the sky and the earth. Text "Underwater World" Thinking Training after class 1. Read the text aloud. Tell me from which aspects the text introduces the underwater world. After-class thinking training of the text "Huoshaoyun" II. Talk about the characteristics of Huoshaoyun written in the text, and what sentences did you learn from.

four, one lesson and one gain

The unit language elements are closely related to one lesson and one gain. Get what? Unit language elements that need to be clear and can be implemented. In my opinion, the unit language elements should be guaranteed, which must be done first, but not capped.

For example, the textbook Unit 4, the theme of the unit is Animal Friends, and the humanistic elements of the unit are running and flying; Stop and stare. Lovely animals, our good friends. Unit Chinese elements: 1. Experience how writers express their feelings for animals; 2. Write about your favorite animals and try to write down their characteristics.

The texts in this unit are Cat, Hen and White Goose. Get what? It is necessary to understand how the author grasps the characteristics of cats, hens and white geese respectively and expresses his feelings for cats, hens and white geese, from which students are inspired; Then, write about your favorite animals and try to write down their characteristics.

how can I get it? The "communication platform" said: the cat's personality is really a bit odd. When the goose is eating, there must be someone to wait on it. It's so arrogant! If you catch up with such a bully, you won't have a fish bite.

① Literally, it seems that the author doesn't like these little animals, but in fact there is a deep love for them between the lines of the text.

② Reading this sentence reminds me that my mother often tells others, "That silly child in our family ..."

③ We can try to use these methods when we speak and do our homework.

The author uses the rhetorical device of "irony" here, and students come first served.

Of course, there are other descriptions of the love for people and animals. Such as "the use of sentence segments", "lively puppy", "careful xiaoliang" and "warm-hearted grandmother".

"Irony" is a special rhetorical device. Before, students should have described animals, but this rhetorical device is not common and can't be used very well. First contact in the textbook, this is the example function of the textbook.

to what extent? With the foundation, promotion will be effective. "Use of sentence segments" ② Choose words to imitate sentences, which is promotion. It embodies the comprehensive ability of expression and communication, and the things about writing "My Animal Friends" have not only returned to the original point, but also improved.

A lot of reading in the Chinese subject learning experiment is to better implement the Chinese elements in this unit and realize "one lesson for one". Cats can be linked to Cats' Eyes (Excerpts), Hens can be linked to Little Animals (Excerpts), White Goose can be linked to Lions (Excerpts), and you can read Old Cats (Excerpts) and Cats (Excerpts) in the group reading class.