How did the RMB come from?

1947 65438+ On February 2nd, I sat on a heatable kang in a peasant cave in northern Shaanxi and received a telegram from Dong of the Central Working Committee: "I have sent Nan to Bohai Sea to discuss with Zhang and Deng the specific measures for setting up a bank. The name of the bank is proposed as China People's Bank. If it is possible, please consider showing compliance. I hope the name will be decided early, and it will be used when printing money. Committee has agreed to ... "Mao Zedong read it and handed it to Zhou Enlai sitting across the table. Zhou Enlai said after reading it: "The opinion of South Chen Han is that it is imperative to establish a unified national bank and currency." Mao Zedong said with a smile, "It's a bit like Eight-Nation Alliance going to Beijing. We use border coins in Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan-Hebei, Shandong-Beihai, Northeast China and Northwest China. Once in Tianjin and Beiping, seven or eight currencies will be listed together! However, it is too early to set up a national unified bank ... "Zhou Enlai replied to the telegram according to Mao Zedong's opinion. After receiving the reply from the Central Committee, Dong immediately called and said: "It is too early to set up a national unified bank, but the preparations cannot be relaxed. The Working Committee has studied that starting from tomorrow, the brand of the preparatory office of the People's Bank of China will be hanged, and you will take the lead as the director of the preparatory office. " Nan said: "The preparatory work to be done now includes collecting all the unified currency issuance policies, collecting the issuance indicators of the liberated areas, and preparing enough issuance reserves. We also need to determine several denominations, the amount and value content of each denomination, as well as the design of printed version patterns, paper selection, etc ... Since the Central Committee and Chairman Mao agreed with us that the unified bank is called China People's Bank, then our currency is called' RMB'. " Dong nodded and said, "This name is very good, which explains the nature of our bank and our currency. Since it belongs to the people, it is not a certain region or department, but must belong to the country and the people of the whole country! " Nan appreciates Dong's explanation very much. He was shrewd and thorough, so he said, "At that time, you will write the words People's Bank of China on the banknotes." 1947 65438+In late February, the sign of the preparatory office of the People's Bank of China was hung in the yard of a small farmer in Jiayu Village, one mile away from Xibaipo, Pingshan County. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/948, the preparatory office moved to Shijiazhuang, just in time for the bombing by Kuomintang planes. The comrades in the preparatory office rushed to rescue the printed spare materials such as RMB in the roar of shrapnel, and Nan took the lead in handling and rescuing in the sea of fire. Nobody takes care of personal safety. One day, Dong found him and said, "The comrades of the Central Working Committee have seen all the RMB samples you designed. I telegraphed Chairman Mao the other day and told him that the front of the ticket was printed with a portrait of Chairman Mao. The chairman telegraphed back today and refused to print his image on the ticket board. The chairman said that the tickets were issued by the government, not by the party. I am now the chairman of the party, not the government, so I can't print it on the ticket. Let's talk about it when I become the chairman of the government in the future. Chen Han, take the tickets back and let them redesign. " "Then, what kind of design should I change into on the ticket face?" South Chen Han asked. Dong thought about it and said, "RMB is the people's own currency, which should mainly reflect the industrial and agricultural production of the people in the liberated areas." In addition, it should be noted that RMB is the currency of New China. We are an independent country. The front and back of the ticket version, except for the necessary Arabic numerals, are all in Chinese and cannot be mixed with English characters like some currencies. " Nan went back and told designers Wang Yijiu and Shen Naiyong that the paper money had been redesigned according to Dong's opinion, and brought some words written by Dong, "China People's Bank" and the amount of money. The two designers quickly designed three kinds of ticket boards: ten yuan, twenty yuan and five yuan. All the patterns are made by workers and farmers. The front of the change: on the left is the farmer's car water, and on the right is the mining institute; The positive side of the change: on the left, farmers pull donkeys to transport goods, and on the right, trains running on the railway; The front of samurai yuan: the water in the donkey well on the left and the coal car in the coal mine on the right. Even the denominations of 100 yuan, 200 yuan, 500 yuan, 1000 yuan, 5,000 yuan, and 10000 yuan were issued later, which still followed the structure of industrial and agricultural production. When the second set of RMB was released in 1953, it was designed by the famous painter Luo. At the beginning, they referred to the practice of printing Lenin's head with Soviet currency, and all kinds of ticket plates designed were also portraits of Chairman Mao. Mao Zedong approved it and rejected it. When he was submitted to trial for the second time, Zhou Enlai still put forward some amendments. It turned out that in the great national unity of Wuyuan Voucher, some people held high the portrait of Chairman Mao, and Zhou Enlai instructed: Chairman Mao's opinions should not be painted with his portrait, and there are still portraits here, so they should be changed into placards. In Tiananmen Square, there used to be a red flag, colored lights and a portrait of Chairman Mao as the main scene of the one-yuan coupon. Zhou Enlai also instructed the portrait to be taken down. 1948 165438+ in October, after the four fields liberated the whole northeast, all the millions of troops entered the customs and strategically surrounded Tianjin and other places, and the revolutionary situation developed very rapidly. Faced with this situation, Zhou Enlai called Yugoslavia and asked him to mobilize all his strength to issue a unified national RMB, otherwise other measures would be taken. According to the instructions of, Dong presided over the second government affairs meeting of the People's Government of North China on June 5438+0 18 10. The central topic was to establish the People's Bank of China and issue a unified national currency. At the meeting, Dong once again carefully asked Nan, "Chen Han, time and tide wait for no man! How are you getting ready? Can you hang up the brand of China People's Bank tomorrow? " "I think so. After more than a year of preparation, all the work is ready. The ticket version of 12 denomination has been recognized by several central leaders. If the brand of China People's Bank is put up tomorrow, paper money can be issued tomorrow. In order to prepare our RMB to occupy the market immediately after the liberation of Beiping, comrades of the Ministry of Industry of our city have sent people to Beiping with printing plates to negotiate with a printing factory there and secretly printed a batch of banknotes for us. As soon as the People's Liberation Army enters the city, the RMB can be circulated in the market. " South Chen Han is full of confidence, he said. Dong made a decision at this moment: "OK, then let's settle down and announce the establishment of China People's Bank immediately!" 1948 12 1 The People's Government of North China posted an announcement announcing the establishment of the People's Bank of China and issuing the national unified currency RMB. Comrade Nan was appointed as the general manager of the People's Bank of China. On this day, the first batch of RMB with a face value of five yuan was officially issued in Pingshan County Bank, Hebei Province. Then, 20 yuan and 10 yuan RMB were issued in Shijiazhuang.