Artistic characteristics of blue and white porcelain

brief introduction

Blue and white is painted and decorated with natural cobalt on white mud, then coated with transparent glaze, and then fired for the first time at the high temperature of 1300 degrees Celsius, so that the pigment can fully penetrate into the blank glaze, showing a green blue pattern, which looks beautiful, clear and elegant. Blue-and-white is the most national porcelain decoration in China, a kind of underglaze colored porcelain, and one of the methods invented earlier in China ceramic decoration.

In the Qing Dynasty, Gong praised blue-and-white porcelain in Tao Ge: "White glazed blue-and-white porcelain is fired once, and the flowers in the glaze are bright. You can participate in innate beauty, and infinity comes from Tai Chi. "

Distinguish and appreciate

The style of ancient ceramics is an important basis for identifying its production date. Because the font, writing style, color and style of blue and white porcelain in past dynasties have their remarkable characteristics, as long as we master the basic rules of style, we can accurately judge the age and kiln mouth of ancient porcelain. Calligraphy and patterns in ancient blue-and-white porcelain are also of great reference value to the innovation of calligraphy, painting and seal cutting.

trait

Blue and white is the most national porcelain decoration in China, and it is also one of the methods invented earlier in China ceramic decoration. Its characteristics are: strong coloring, bright hair color and stable color; Second, the pattern will never fade; Third, the color is gorgeous, beautiful and elegant, which has the artistic charm of China ink painting; Fourth, it does not contain toxic elements such as lead and arsenic, and has no toxic side effects on the human body; Fifth, it is not only suitable for decorating daily-use porcelain such as meals and tea sets, but also suitable for decorating display porcelain such as vases and vats. Sixth, its raw materials are rich in natural minerals containing cobalt.

history

Blue-and-white porcelain originated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, but by the Yuan Dynasty, the production of Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain was mature, which was the progress of the times in the history of porcelain making in China. Before Yuan Dynasty, the use of shadow carved flowers was more common. Since the emergence of solemn blue and white flowers, the decorative changes of shadow carved flowers have gradually retreated to a secondary position. During the years of Yongle, Xuande and Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing, Yongzheng and Qianlong blue and white flowers in the Kangxi Dynasty were the most prominent, with bright artistic effects. Therefore, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, blue and white porcelain became the mainstream of porcelain production in China, which was loved by people and became a necessity for emperors, concubines and dignitaries. Even Europeans often show off their wealth by collecting blue and white porcelain. It is said that the King of Saxony in the15th century exchanged 12 blue and white porcelain bottles with four guards from neighboring monarchs to please his new queen.

After the founding of New China, Jingdezhen's blue-and-white porcelain inherited the excellent tradition of blue-and-white porcelain in previous dynasties, developed new varieties with freshness, vividness and the flavor of the times, and made remarkable achievements in gift porcelain, exhibition porcelain boxes and export commercial porcelain. Not only the state organs, the Great Hall of the People and more than 65,438+000 China embassies abroad chose blue-and-white porcelain, but almost all hotels, restaurants, organizations and families in large and medium-sized cities across the country used blue-and-white porcelain. What's more, blue and white porcelain has become a precious gift in China's diplomatic etiquette. For example, when US President Nixon visited China, Premier Zhou Enlai gave him an expensive set of blue and white tableware; 1978 10 Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping presented blue and white stationery to the Crown Prince and Prime Minister Fukuda during their visit to Japan.

On the whole, the modern Jingdezhen blue-and-white porcelain is green in color, beautiful in shape and elegant in decoration. Among many blue-and-white varieties, "Blue-and-white Platanus Tableware" produced by People's Porcelain Factory is the representative product of blue-and-white porcelain. It consists of dozens or even hundreds of pieces of porcelain with different sizes and shapes. The shape is light and generous, the outline is graceful and symmetrical, the lines are neat and delicate, and the colors are harmonious and attractive.

"Wu Tong" is the name of traditional blue-and-white painting, and "Wu Tong" means auspicious, which is based on the beautiful sentence of "Wu Tong attracts the phoenix" in China folklore. Through the ingenious combination of point, line and surface, the picture depicts the scenery of the gardens in the south of the Yangtze River: stone bridges, almond trees, flowers and birds, pavilions nearby, mountains and rivers in the distance, beautiful lakes and mountains, and there is indeed an artistic conception of "white waves and green peaks are not human". Artists use the scattered perspective of Chinese painting to depict complex scenery, objects and people on a painting, decorate it with beads, and set the "eight treasures" pattern in the middle as a symbol of good luck. The whole picture is profound in conception and implication, with strong national color and oriental artistic style. In addition to the "phoenix tree", there are also decorations such as hibiscus, begonia, lotus, Dunhuang, Ssangyong, mallow and goldfish. , or plump, or rigorous, or dignified, or beautiful, or elegant, or poetic, pleasing to the eye, fondle admiringly. 1979 The blue-and-white Platanus tableware produced by People's Porcelain Factory won the national gold medal for high-quality products, and 1984 won three gold medals in Leipzig, France, Boffa, Czech Republic and Poznan, Poland.

decorate

Blue-and-white display porcelain is more beautifully decorated, such as thousands of blue-and-white cans, 10,000 pieces and more than 10,000 pieces of blue vases painted with Suzhou Garden, Beijing Temple of Heaven, Summer Palace, Guilin Landscape, Lushan Mountain Scenery, "Four Beautiful Pictures" and "Shi Xiangyun should at least sleep", with vivid pictures, clear color levels and unique decoration.

Folk blue-and-white porcelain is a simple and bright decorative form of blue-and-white porcelain. The biggest feature of folk blue and white lies in the fluency and boldness of the pen and the patchwork of dyeing. Picturesque, there are only two miscellaneous trees, a hillside and a stream, and there is not much writing, but the quiet and beautiful natural beauty is endless. Many children in Baby Play can make eyebrows with distinct facial features without pen and ink at all. Only in Shangluo Circle can they become children's heads with thick materials, but their innocent and lively forms are lifelike.