A little knowledge about stamps

The first stamp in the world was "Black Penny" printed in Britain on May 6th, and was issued on May 6th.

The stamps are: 1. National inscription, 2. Face value, 3. Puncture, 4. Adhesive backing, 5. Special paper for stamps, 6. Anti-counterfeiting measures (secret recording, miniature characters, irregular perforation, code spraying, etc.). ).

Stamps are square, rectangular, diamond, round and irregular, and printing materials are also wood, plastic, silk and metal.

Stamp: 1. According to the purpose and purpose of issuance, there are ordinary tickets, commemorative tickets, special tickets, military tickets and complimentary tickets.

2. According to the stamp forms, there are stamp sheetlets, souvenir sheets, promissory notes, imperforated stamp, coil stamps, Braille stamps, postage machine stamps and electronic stamps.

According to the form of issuance, according to the issuer classification. ...

2. Any suggestions about stamps?

Stamp pattern: refers to the front of a stamp, which generally consists of pattern, country name, face value, explanatory text and tassels related to the purpose of stamp issuance.

The early stamp patterns of all countries in the world are relatively simple. With the development of society, countries all over the world take their most representative contents in politics, economy, national defense, science and technology, culture and art, historical geography, natural scenery and precious animals and plants as stamp patterns.

More than 300,000 kinds of stamps with various designs have been issued all over the world. Stamp collectors can acquire rich encyclopedic knowledge by collecting and studying stamp patterns.

Therefore, stamp patterns are the main research objects of stamp collectors. Country name on the stamp: refers to the name of the country, air or region printed on the front of the stamp.

Usually, words and abbreviations are used to represent country names. Such as: Japan Post, China People's Post.

The United States uses the abbreviation "America" and the Soviet Union uses the abbreviation "CCCP" to represent the country name. There are also some countries that use special symbols to represent them. For example, early stamps in Britain used the head of the king as a symbol.

The current commemorative stamps in Britain bear the head of the Queen of England, not the country name. By identifying the country names on stamps, we can learn about the geography, history, language and writing of the countries concerned.

Stamp version name: Stamp number, version number, number of sheets, color code, designer and printing factory name are printed on the edge of the whole stamp paper, which are collectively called version name. Stamp inscriptions are important materials for studying stamps, so many stamp collectors like to collect stamps with stamp inscriptions.

For example, J63 "China People's Stamp Exhibition: Japan" released by China 198 1 on April 29th, the whole paper is printed with various patterns such as chicken, goldfish, kite, Temple of Heaven, butterfly, and the stamp name, designer, name of printing factory, version number, number of sheets, color code, etc. These stamps are regarded as important philatelic products by stamp collectors.

Some philatelists say that this is a gift from the printing factory to philatelists and an important basis for studying the layout and printing of stamps. Watermark on stamp: A stamp is proof of prepaid postage.

In order to prevent forgery, in the process of papermaking, the mark pressed on the paper by special method is called watermark. Watermark is a colorless sign, mostly a simple pattern.

On the whole stamp, there is only one watermark pattern, which is called the whole watermark. The repeated watermark patterns in the whole stamp are called double watermarks, and there are various watermark patterns, such as crown, sun, moon, Tai Chi map and so on.

The black penny stamp 1840 issued in Britain on May 6th is a watermark with a crown pattern. 1885 The Xiaolong stamp issued by Daqing Post in China and the Cricket Dragon stamp issued by 1898 are watermarks with Tai Chi patterns.

The watermark on the stamp is easy to identify. You can find it by looking at the back of the stamp carefully in the sun or light. For less obvious watermarks, you can spray a little gasoline on the back of the stamp and the watermark will appear immediately.

Gasoline volatilizes quickly and is harmless to stamps and adhesives. Experienced stamp collectors usually use this method to identify the watermark on stamps. Watermark is an important basis for studying and identifying the authenticity, version and issue date of stamps.

Stamp number: Commemorative stamps and special stamps issued by the People's Post of China after the founding of New China. If the number and year are printed on the bottom of the face, they are called stamp numbers. For example, "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory 15 Anniversary" 1952 was issued on July 7, with "Ji 16.4-1"and "Ji 16" printed on the left side of the stamp bottom, indicating that this set of stamps isNo.16. "4- 1" means that there are four stamps in this set, and this is the first one.

"(78) 1952" is printed on the right side of the bottom of the stamp, (78) indicates the total number of cylindrical stamps in the commemorative stamp, and "1952" is the printing year of this set of stamps. China issued stamps with the prefix of "Ji" for the first time, starting from1October 8th, Ji 1949 1 "Celebrating the First Plenary Session of China People's Political Consultative Conference" and ending at Ji1March 967/KLOC-0.

In the meantime, 24 sets of commemorative stamps with the prefix "Ji" were issued 124. Special stamps are expressed in the same way as commemorative stamps, except that the word "auspicious" is changed to "special".

The stamps issued from April 1967 to June 1970 and June 1 cancelled this stamp. Stamps issued from1August 1970 to1June 1973 and1June 1973 have a new serial number on the left side and a generation on the right side.

For example, the "(1)" on the left side of the stamp of modern Peking Opera (taking Weihushan) is a serial number, and "1970" is the year of printing. Starting from 1974, the stamp number is marked with "J" for commemorative stamps and "T" for special stamps.

For example, on May 1974 15, the stamp "Centenary of the Universal Postal Union" was issued. "J 1(3- 1)" is printed on the left side of the bottom, where "J" stands for commemorative stamps and "1" is the first set.

(3- 1) means that there are three stamps in this set, and this is the first one. The right side of the bottom of the stamp is printed with "1974" as the printing year.

Stamp number is a unique symbol on new China stamps. This stamp number is very convenient for collecting stamps. You can know the printing year, complete set quantity and total quantity of each stamp without looking at the stamp catalogue.

Appearance of stamps: Stamp collectors are very particular about the appearance of stamps. The so-called appearance of stamps is the appearance of stamps.

There are the following points to measure the appearance of a stamp: new ticket: the face is complete, without damage or crease, the pattern is correct, the color is bright, and it does not fade and change color; Perforation complete, no corner; The back glue is intact. Old ticket: the face is intact, not thin, and the postmark is clear. The postmark is sold in the corner of the stamp (about 65438+ 0/4 of the face value), and this kind of stamp is the top grade; Light postmark printing does not damage the beauty of the face, which is a product of China; Postmark heavy oil affects the beautiful pattern as inferior; If you study the postmark, you'd better stamp it completely. You should be able to see the place name, year, month, day and time on the postmark.

This mainly depends on the purpose of collection. Pay attention to the appearance of stamps when collecting stamps, don't scratch them with your hands.

Grasping stamps by hand is easy to fold corners and teeth. Sweat on your hands and contact with stamps will make your face lose its original luster.

Use tweezers. Stamp collecting tweezers are flat, smooth, embroidery-free and moderately elastic.

The quality of stamps is relative. Ordinary stamps are easy to buy, so you can choose.

Anyone with the same design can compare the quality of products, try to eliminate products with different quality and collect good products. If a stamp is extremely rare, it is very precious to collect one, so there is no need to find fault with the appearance.

If those people with bad looks don't accept it, it's hard for you to get what you want.

3. Knowledge about stamps

Stamps are postage certificates issued by postal authorities for posting mail. Stamps are a form of payment for postal services by senders. The sender will put a stamp on the letter, and then the post office will stamp it to cancel the value, which is to prove that the sender has paid all or part of the delivery fee before sending the mail. For convenience, stamps are usually perforated around and covered with a layer of adhesive on the back. The issuance of stamps is managed by the state. It is usually a symbol of a country, and even an important source of financial resources for some countries, such as Liechtenstein. The earliest stamp in the world is black penny, and the earliest stamp in China is Dalong stamp. There are many kinds of stamps, just because they have been given more and more uses since their birth. It can be divided into: ordinary stamps: ordinary stamps are the oldest and most common types of stamps. Buying ordinary stamps is a way to pay postage. Ordinary stamps have complete face value, large circulation, small amount of tickets and relatively fixed patterns. They are often printed many times. There are many kinds of commemorative stamps: commemorative stamps are issued specifically for an event or occasion. Peru issued the world's first commemorative stamp in 187 1, and the first road between Lima and callao was opened, and then countries all over the world followed suit. Many countries regard commemorative stamps as a form of self-promotion, especially some small countries. Its commemorative stamps have become one of its own financial sources (but sometimes it may have propaganda purposes, for example, the first commemorative stamp in Germany appeared in the Nazi era. Commemorative stamps are mainly for collectors because they are basically not used on envelopes. Therefore, compared with long-term stamps, there are few letters with commemorative stamps. Commemorative stamps usually have large face size, exquisite design and printing, rich patterns and are not allowed to be reprinted. There is a specific sales period. Special stamps: stamps issued to promote certain things, basically as long as they are not ordinary stamps and commemorative stamps, belong to this category, and the scope is wider than commemorative stamps. Welfare stamps: also known as donation stamps, are stamps issued for welfare, health, disaster relief, charity and other undertakings. Their face value is divided into two parts, one is the postage itself. Second, the amount of donations. The earliest donated stamp in the world is the 1p stamp issued by New South Wales, Australia in 1897, and its price is 12 times higher than the face value of the stamp. The excess is used for donation. Official stamps: Official stamps are stamps used by * * * institutions to pay for official mail. Therefore, the general post office will not sell official stamps. Besides, they can't be used for ordinary mail, so there is actually no abuse or misappropriation of official stamps. The first official stamp was issued in British India on 1866. China's first official stamp was a "document sticker" issued by Chunghwa Post Company in Xinjiang. Germany will have its own official seal until 1920. However, it was abolished after World War II. Official stamps used in East Germany range from 1954 to 1960. Official stamps only appeared in Austria during the German occupation (1938 to 1945). In Switzerland, the official seal is used from 19 18 to 1944. Official stamps. 1983, the official stamps issued by the United States were marked with the words "official stamps of the United States" and "private use will be fined $300", so they were also called punishment mail stamps. Airmail stamps: Airmail stamps are also called "airmail stamps" because they are suitable for airmail. But they can only be used for airmail, and airmail stamps cannot be used for ordinary mail. Since the middle of the 20th century, airmail has become one of the most important means of postal transportation. Most countries in the world will issue their own airmail stamps. The face pattern is usually a balloon. Pigeons or planes, etc. Germany and Switzerland launched the first airmail stamps in 19 12. On March 30th, 2008, Austria issued the first airmail stamp in the First World War. After World War II, most European countries abolished airmail stamps. Now ordinary stamps can be used for airmail. Stamps with insufficient funds: Many countries have stamps with insufficient funds. They are used to calculate postage arrears. Before sending the mail, the staff will put a stamp on the letter with insufficient postage, and it will be settled when the mail arrives. Overdue stamps cannot be used as proof of prepaid postage, and the post office does not sell them. The earliest stamps in the world appeared in 1859. Appeared in France. 1894 Austria issued the first postage arrears ticket. When the euro was introduced in 2002, the system was abolished. Germany has never owed stamps. Only then did it enjoy postal service. Baden and Bavaria issued 1862 to 1870 debt stamps. Switzerland issued 1878 to 1938 debt stamps. Liechtenstein used stamps owed by Austria until it left Austria in 1920. After that, it issued the first Austrian currency liability stamp. It was converted into Swiss currency on 1940. The earliest unpaid stamps in China were issued in 1,1April, 904, and were never issued again after 1956. Electronic stamps: stamps sold at different denominations are printed by vending machines according to postage, also known as automatic stamps. This kind of stamp has no perforation and no adhesive. Some have two semicircular grooves on the upper and lower sides. 198 1 year, Germany issued the first set of electronic stamps, and the face value can be selected as required (1 finney to 999 finney).

4. Do you have any suggestions about stamps in China?

1 and1In May, 877, Hurd approved Detering's suggestion and began to prepare for printing stamps needed by the Qing Customs Post Office.

2. Stamps in Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into two periods, from 1878 to 1896, which is the postal period of customs, and stamps are managed by the General Administration of Customs. * * * Three sets of stamps were issued; 1897 to 19 1 1 is the postal period of Qing dynasty. 3. China has a history of more than 100 years since the first set of stamps was issued, which can be roughly divided into four periods, namely, Qing Dynasty stamps, Republic of China stamps, Liberated Area stamps and New China stamps.

In the early days, stamps issued by various countries were mostly based on portraits of emperors and monarchs, which were usually called "heads". China's early stamps have always followed the dragon pattern, which is commonly known as the "dragon head".

The design of the "Dragon" stamp is a dragon, which is lined with clouds and waves. It is called the Dragon Play Pearl Map. Of the three stamps in this set of stamps, 1 silver is green, 3 silver is dark red and 5 silver is orange. 6. At present, the earliest envelope with "Dalong" stamp has been found, and the postmark date is 1878 10.05.

7. Stamps were issued by the General Administration of Customs and Taxation during the closing period of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted from 1878 to 1896. Three sets of stamps were issued, namely "Dragon", "Little Dragon" and "Wanshou".

5. As a collectible, what stamps should I know?

Definition is an independent certificate of value issued by the national postal department or a postal institution established with the permission of * * * *, indicating that postage has been prepaid and postal services are provided accordingly.

The essence includes the following points: first, it is issued by the national (regional) postal department; Second, negotiable securities are used as a sign of payment by post. There are three elements: national (regional) memory, face value and theme pattern.

Name refers to the text printed on the face to express the purpose of issuance. For example, the ticket title of China Ji 1 is "Celebrating the First Plenary Session of China People's Political Consultative Conference". The name is usually determined by the competent postal department.

There are two things to note: First, the names of some stamps are not printed on the face of stamps, such as 1992 "Qingtian Stone Carving" issued by China. Second, some early issuing departments did not determine the name of stamps when they were issued.

In the latter case, the publisher of the stamp catalogue always gives a ticket name according to the pictures and words to facilitate the collection and research of stamp collectors. Please remember the name or logo of the country (region) or issuer of postal service printed on the ticket face.

Usually, words and abbreviations are used to represent country names. For example, stamps issued before China 1992 were printed with the words "China People's Post" and "China People's Post". Since 1992, stamps issued in English are printed with the words "(China)" and "China Post", and the country name and postal mark are printed separately.

The abbreviation "America" is used on American stamps, and the abbreviation "CCCP" is used on the stamps of the former Soviet Union to indicate the country name. Stamps are postage certificates issued by countries (regions), and the names of countries (such as China) or regions (such as Hongkong) must be printed.

The UPU has a clear requirement for this, except for Britain, where stamps are represented by the head of the king of England. By identifying stamps, we can know which country (region) or publisher issued stamps, and then explore the knowledge about the geography, history, currency, language and writing of the country.

What are the early days worth collecting? In the Guardian Spring Auction in 2004, a complete set of 1 silver coins and 25 pieces of 5 silver coins were sold at a price of 473,000 yuan. Early tickets of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China should be collected: the price of old stamps issued in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China has been rising, and the cheapest ordinary Panlong ticket (the market price at that time was a few cents) is now around 65,438+00 yuan.

It is most worth mentioning that "red stamp" and "big dragon ticket and little dragon ticket" red stamp "is the most popular ticket in the early days, because it has hit new highs in the auction. At present, prices have been rising all the way. The cheapest ticket used to be tens of yuan, but now it has risen to several hundred yuan, nearly tenfold.

"Red stamp" is a bill used by the customs. At that time, the country had just started to open postal services, and the customs seal was used to exchange value because it was too late to make it. The original ticket price ranges from 1 to 5 yuan, and the number of tickets issued is very large, reaching hundreds of thousands.

"Red stamp" can be divided into big stamp and small stamp, and small stamp is much less. However, the current price of a "red stamp" with a large print 1 yuan is less than 1 10,000 yuan, while a "red stamp" with a small print 1 yuan will go to more than 2 million yuan.

The data shows that at present, the "red seal has been stamped" of 1 yuan has only one small print. Another orphan with a postmark was donated to the country.

The reason why "red stamp" is sought after by stamp collectors is mainly because it is difficult to imitate technically. At that time, relief printing technology was used, but the current technology can only imitate lithography technology, so counterfeit goods are usually easily seen by experts at a glance.

In addition, the original ticket with the red seal is very rare, so even if it is not stamped with the red seal, it is very expensive, and there is no need for counterfeiters to stamp the original ticket. Dalong ticket and Xiaolong ticket are also called customs Dalong ticket. There are three versions: wide-brimmed yellow Dalong ticket, tissue paper Dalong ticket and thick paper Dalong ticket. Among them, wide-brimmed yellow Dalong ticket is the most precious, while tissue paper Dalong is the best to collect in complete sets, and the price can reach several thousand yuan.

However, the difficulty of dragon stamp's collection lies in its simple and crude technology and easy imitation. The number of Xiaolong tickets issued is too large to be collected.

Dragon stamp is the first set of stamps issued by China in 1878, and the fine products in dragon stamp can exceed 1,000 yuan. However, experts remind collectors not to wash Xiaolong tickets. Xiaolong ticket is printed on coated paper, and the pattern will fade after washing.

6. Stamp knowledge, name, face value and number of holes of 100.

1 mode is very important. Nowadays, all countries regard politics, economy, national defense, science and technology, culture and art, history and geography, natural scenery and precious animals and plants as stamp patterns.

Stamp collectors can acquire rich encyclopedic knowledge by collecting and studying stamp patterns. 2. Stamp appearance: The appearance of a stamp can be measured by the following points: new ticket: the face is complete, undamaged, crease-free, the pattern is correct, the color is bright, and it does not fade; Perforation complete, no corner; The back glue is intact.

Old ticket: the face is intact, not thin, and the postmark is clear. The postmark is sold in the corner of the stamp, so this stamp is the top grade; Light postmark printing does not damage the beauty of the face, which is a product of China; There are many special stamps with poor appearance because of heavy oil postmark, but few stamps carved with Hetian jade, which combines sports culture and materials that are easy to preserve, have great potential.