Among the statistical indicators: What does it mean to calculate the yield of potatoes as food by "five catties to one catty"?

Five kilos into one kilo means that potatoes (including sweet potatoes and potatoes, but excluding taro and cassava) were calculated at 65,438+0 kilograms of grain per 4 kilograms of fresh potatoes before 0963, and at 5 kilograms of fresh potatoes from 65,438+0964. Potatoes (such as potatoes, etc.) Vegetables used in urban suburbs are calculated as fresh products and are not included in food statistics. Other grains are calculated according to the threshed raw grain.

The gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is the total amount of all products of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery expressed in currency, which reflects the total scale and total achievements of agricultural production (all kinds of agricultural production units or farmers engaged in agricultural production and economic activities) in a certain period.

The statistical scope of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is:

(1) Agriculture includes crop cultivation and other agriculture.

Crop cultivation includes the cultivation of crops such as cereals, beans, potatoes, cotton, oilseeds, sugar, hemp, tobacco leaves, vegetables, medicinal materials and melons, as well as the production and operation of tea gardens, mulberry gardens and orchards.

Other agriculture includes gathering fruits, fibers, gums, resins, oilseeds of wild plants, firewood, wild herbs, fungi and other commercial industries run by farmers' families.

(2) Forestry includes the planting of trees (excluding the planting, management and cutting activities of tea gardens and mulberry gardens), the collection of forest products, and the harvesting of bamboo and wood by cooperative economic organizations and farmers at or below the village level.

(3) Animal husbandry includes all animal husbandry and grazing except fishery breeding and hunting and raising wild animals.

(4) Fisheries include breeding and fishing aquatic animals and seaweed.

From the perspective of ownership, it includes all kinds of professional agricultural farms (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery) in the state-owned economy and agriculture operated by state organs, organizations, schools, scientific research institutions and troops at all levels; Collectively owned towns and villages run farms at all levels; Agriculture operated by various rural economic organizations such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and agriculture collectively operated by family members of industrial and mining enterprises; Farming, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and commerce run by farmers' families.

The calculation method of total agricultural output value is usually to multiply the output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery products and their by-products by their respective unit product prices. If the production cycle of a few products is long and the output of the products in that year is difficult to count, the output value is estimated by indirect method, and then the output value of the four major industries is added to obtain the total agricultural output value.

Before 1957, the total agricultural output value included manure and farmers' self-sufficient handicrafts (such as clothes, shoes and socks made by farmers themselves and their own primary grain processing). The total agricultural output value is 1958 and above, and the output value of forestry bamboo and wood harvesting at village level and below has increased; Take the output value of feces consumed by animal husbandry; On the sideline, the output value of farmers' self-sufficiency handicraft industry was cancelled, and the output value of villages and below was increased; The output value of fishery marine products increased. The total agricultural output value of 1980 and above has increased the output value of household and commercial commodities in farmers' sideline business. From 1984, the industrial output value of villages and below is classified as industry. Starting from 1993, the sideline business was cancelled. Hunting wild animals is classified as animal husbandry, and collecting wild plants and commercial industries run by farmers' families are classified as agriculture.

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Grain output refers to the output of the whole society. Including the grain output of state-owned economy, collective unified management and farmers' family management, as well as the output of farms and other production units operated by family members of industrial and mining enterprises. Cereals include not only rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, millet and other miscellaneous grains, but also potatoes and soybeans. Its yield calculation method, beans are calculated according to dried beans after pod removal; Potatoes (including sweet potatoes and potatoes, but excluding taro and cassava) are calculated at 4 kg fresh potatoes 1 kg grain before 1963, and at 5 kg fresh potatoes 1 kg grain from 1964. Potatoes (such as potatoes, etc.) Vegetables used in urban suburbs are calculated as fresh products and are not included in food statistics. Other grains are calculated according to the threshed raw grain.

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Petroleum production refers to the production of all oil crops. Include peanut, rapeseed, sesame, sunflower seed, flaxseed and other oils. It does not include soybean, woody oil and wild oil. Peanuts are counted as dried peanuts with shells.

The total sown area of crops refers to the sum of the sown areas of crops that should harvest agricultural products in the investigation year. Its calculation formula is:

Total sown area of crops this year = sown area of crops in autumn and winter last year; Sowing area of crops this spring; Sowing area of crops this summer = sowing area of crops this autumn.

Crop yield refers to the quantity of agricultural products produced by the whole society in the survey year, regardless of the crop yield on cultivated land and non-cultivated land, it should be counted. The output of various main crops is calculated according to the unified provisions of the state. All grains are calculated according to the threshed raw grain (corn is calculated according to the threshed grain); The yield of potatoes is calculated by five kilograms and one kilogram; After the pod is removed, it is calculated as dry beans; Cotton is counted as lint after seed removal; Hemp is calculated according to flax stalk, ramie is calculated according to shaved hemp, arrival hemp and linear hemp are calculated according to cooked hemp skin, and the rest are calculated according to raw hemp skin. Flue-cured tobacco and sun-cured tobacco are calculated as dry tobacco leaves; Peanuts are calculated as dried peanuts with shells; Sugarcane is calculated by cane stem, and sugar beet is calculated by root block. The output of potatoes and beans calculated by vegetables in urban suburbs is calculated by fresh products.

Tea production refers to the total amount of tea produced in the survey year. Including all the output picked from tea gardens and barren uncultivated land, as well as tea trees planted sporadically, whether eaten or sold, should be counted. The output of tea is calculated according to the dried tea after primary processing.

Fruit yield refers to the total amount of fruit harvested from fruit trees in the survey year. Whether you eat it yourself or sell it, it counts. But it does not include fruit melons, such as watermelon, melon, white melon, cantaloupe and crisp melon. , as well as lotus roots and tomatoes mainly used as vegetables; It does not include the collected wild fruits. Fruit output is calculated as fresh fruit, and dried dates, raisins, dried persimmons and orange cakes should be converted into fresh fruit.

The actual area of tea, mulberry and orchard refers to the area of mulberry garden, tea garden and orchard planted in pieces. Including this year's original, reclaimed and newly planted plant area, as well as the area that was barren at the time of investigation but could be restored to production with a little reclamation, trimming and cultivation. Regardless of the age of the tree, regardless of whether there is income in that year, it must be counted. However, nurseries used to cultivate seedlings and scattered mulberry trees, fruit trees and tea trees are not counted.

Afforestation area refers to the area of newly planted trees and shrubs in wasteland, barren hills, sand dunes and other afforestation land. The number of trees meets the requirements of Technical Regulations for Afforestation, and the survival rate reaches over 85%. Trees planted on all sides, such as more than four rows on one side, with a continuous area of 0.066 hectares (1 mu), should be included in the afforestation area. Excluding replanting area, sand control and grass planting area, economic forest reclamation area, land renewal area and low-yield forest transformation area.

The output of forest products refers to the quantity of various products obtained from artificially cultivated bamboo and wood without cutting down the roots of bamboo and wood. Including raw lacquer, brown slices, gallnut, turpentine, dried bamboo shoots, tung oil seeds, Chinese tallow seeds, walnuts, chestnuts and other forest seeds, as well as bamboo and wood branches and leaves obtained by pruning and leaf trimming, such as Vitex negundo, wicker, mallow leaves and the like.

The amount of livestock and poultry slaughter refers to the total amount of livestock and poultry slaughtered or sold by various production units and households during the reporting period. Including the part sold to the country, the part sold in the market and the part eaten by oneself, but the young animals sold or eaten are not included.

The number of livestock and poultry refers to all the livestock and poultry raised by various production units and households at the beginning and end of the reporting period.

Meat output refers to the output of livestock and poultry slaughtered during the reporting period. The output of livestock and poultry meat is calculated according to the weight of flesh and blood (that is, carcass weight) after head, hoof and water removal.

The output of aquatic products refers to the catch of artificially cultured aquatic products and naturally grown aquatic products. Including fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish and algae in seawater and fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish in inland waters, excluding freshwater plants.

Aquatic product culture area refers to the water surface area where fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish, algae and other fry are artificially put in and often managed.

The intermediate consumption of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery refers to the total value of various material products and services invested (or consumed) by agricultural production units and farmers of various economic types in the process of agricultural production and operation. Include intermediate material consumption and intermediate labor consumption. The consumption between people must meet the following two conditions: first, the material products and labor activities consumed in the production process correspond to the total output; Second, non-durable goods that are not fixed assets and are invested and consumed at one time during this period.

Cultivated land area refers to the land that can be used to grow crops and is often plowed and hoed at the beginning of the year, including not only cultivated land, wasteland newly reclaimed in that year, cultivated land that has been abandoned continuously for less than three years and fallow land in that year, but also land mainly planted with mulberry, tea trees, fruit trees and other trees, as well as "beaches" and "lake fields" that have been reclaimed and utilized in coastal and lakeside areas. But it does not include professional mulberry gardens, tea gardens, orchards, fruit and wood nurseries, woodland, reed fields, natural or artificial grasslands.

Paddy field refers to the cultivated land with ridges, which can store water regularly and be used for planting aquatic crops such as rice, lotus roots and mats. If dry land crops are replanted due to temporary water shortage caused by drought, or rice and dry land crops are rotated (such as rice and wheat, rape, broad beans, etc. ), paddy field statistics are still in progress.

Dry land refers to cultivated land outside paddy fields. The availability of irrigation facilities is also included.

The increase of cultivated land area in the year refers to the increase of cultivated land area in the investigation year due to new land reclamation, land reclamation, weir opening, river siltation, land leveling, mountain control and water control.

The newly opened wasteland area in that year refers to the newly opened wasteland area of crops planted in the investigation year.

The reduced cultivated land area in that year refers to the cultivated land occupied by water conservancy projects, highways and railways, industrial and mining enterprises, buildings, permanent threshing floors and septic tanks, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, digging and building permanent fish ponds on cultivated land, and the cultivated land actually reduced due to disasters.

The land occupied by national infrastructure refers to the cultivated land actually occupied by industrial and mining enterprises at all levels approved by the competent government departments at or above the county level to build roads, railways, civil aviation airports and other projects, water conservancy projects, and school buildings of public institutions.

Rural collective land occupation refers to the actual area of cultivated land occupied by rural collectives in building or expanding township enterprises, building water conservancy projects, building highways and building production houses, offices and production facilities (such as threshing floors, barns and pigsty).

The area occupied by farmers' individual houses refers to the cultivated land actually occupied by farmers' newly built or expanded houses, barns, pigsty and other individual houses. Whether it is approved or not, as long as it is occupied, it should be counted; However, although it was approved and not built, the cultivated land still growing crops was not included in the land occupied by farmers in that year. It does not include the non-cultivated land occupied by farmers for building houses.

The sown area of crops refers to the actual sown or transplanted area of crops. Any area actually planted with crops, whether planted on cultivated land or non-cultivated land, is included in the sown area of crops, including the area of crops replanted and replanted due to disasters. Planting one hectare is one hectare.

Effective irrigation area refers to the cultivated land area with a certain water source, relatively flat plots and supporting irrigation projects or equipment, which can be irrigated normally in general years.

The application amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer refers to the actual amount of chemical fertilizer used in agricultural production this year. Include nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and compound fertilizer. The application amount of chemical fertilizer is required to be calculated according to the pure amount. The discount method is to convert nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide respectively. Compound fertilizer is converted according to its main components. Its calculation formula is:

Pure quantity = physical quantity × percentage of effective component content of chemical fertilizer

Rural hydropower stations refer to hydropower stations invested by various rural economic organizations, whether they are connected with other power grids or not.

The electricity consumption of the whole society in rural areas refers to the electricity consumption of all enterprises, institutions, administrative units and households engaged in production and business activities, work and daily life in rural areas in the survey year.

Usage of agricultural mulch film Agricultural mulch film refers to various plastic films such as cold protection, heat preservation and moisture retention used for seedling raising and crop growth in agricultural production. Include plastic film and shed film.

Plastic film coverage area refers to the area covered with plastic film in crop planting areas. Includes the area covered by the plastic film itself and the uncovered area between the operating table.

The consumption of agricultural diesel oil refers to the consumption of all kinds of diesel oil used by various agricultural machinery in agricultural production. Whether it is purchased or borrowed, consumers will make statistics according to the actual consumption of diesel, excluding the transferred, allocated and lent diesel.

The amount of pesticides used refers to the amount of chemicals used to prevent and control pests and diseases in agricultural production, calculated according to the physical quantity. Including purchased and self-produced pesticides, fungicides, herbicides, etc. , excluding veterinary drugs, fishery drugs and soil pesticides.

Effective irrigation area refers to the cultivated land area with certain water sources, relatively flat plots, complete irrigation works or equipment and normal irrigation in general years.

In the effective irrigation area, the drought and flood protection area has complete irrigation facilities, strong flood control ability and high land fertility, which can ensure the arable land area that can be irrigated during drought and discharged during flood. Drought resistance is 50- 100 days in the south and 30-50 days in the north; The drainage capacity reaches the 5- 10 annual return standard, and the flood control capacity reaches the 20-year return standard.

Electromechanical irrigation area refers to the cultivated land area drained and irrigated by all electromechanical power equipment such as fixed stations, mobile stations, electromechanical wells and sprinkler irrigation machinery. Comprise a simple irrigation area, a simple drainage area and a combined drainage and irrigation area. A piece of cultivated land is irrigated by drainage, which is only one piece and cannot be repeated.

The total power of agricultural machinery refers to the total power of various power machinery mainly used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Including farming machinery, irrigation and drainage machinery, harvesting machinery, agricultural products processing machinery, transportation machinery, plant protection machinery, animal husbandry machinery, forestry machinery, fishery machinery and other agricultural machinery (internal combustion engines are converted into watts (tex) according to engine horsepower, and motors are converted into watts (tex) according to power). It does not include power machinery and working machinery specially used for non-agricultural production such as township, town, village, government agency industry, capital construction, non-agricultural transportation, scientific experiment and teaching.

Farming machinery refers to power machinery and all kinds of mechanized agricultural machinery mainly used for crop cultivation or comprehensive utilization based on crop cultivation. Including large and medium tractors, cultivators, tractor boats, motorized rice transplanters and various machinery.

Agricultural irrigation and drainage machinery refers to diesel engines, gasoline engines, motors and other power machinery mainly used for farmland irrigation, as well as supporting agricultural pumps and sprinkler irrigation machinery. It does not include other power machinery specially used for agricultural products processing and temporarily used for drought relief and drainage.

Harvesting machinery refers to machinery that can harvest, thresh and dry crops at one time.

Plant protection machinery refers to machinery used to prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests.

Forestry machinery refers to machinery mainly used for afforestation and silviculture, including digging machinery, tree planting machinery, brush cutters (used for cutting shrubs), weeding machines, etc.

Animal husbandry machinery refers to the machinery specially used for animal husbandry production, such as feed pulverizer, motorized shearing machine and motorized milking machine.

Fishery machinery refers to machinery specially used for fishery production, such as fishing motorboats, aerators and pond excavators.

Agricultural transport machinery refers to all kinds of cars and tractors mainly used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production and transportation.

The labor force of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery refers to the labor force that directly participates in the production of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

Cereals are crops whose seeds are mainly used as food. These crops include rice, wheat, corn, millet, sorghum and other grains, excluding beans and potatoes.