Is Yuan Chonghuan a good guy or a bad guy?

Yuan Chonghuan is a loyal minister and a good man. In history, he was unjustly killed because of the suspicion of Chongzhen and the false news released by the Qing Dynasty. After his death, Beijing also rushed to buy his meat to eat. Really wronged.

Yuan Chonghuan is a controversial figure. Some people praised him as a pillar of the Ming Dynasty and a great hero to defend the country. Others called him a traitor and traitor. There are even historical records that when he was in Yuan Chonghuan, someone paid for his meat. Is Yuan Chonghuan a hero or a traitor? Ming History gives the answer.

Yuan Chonghuan defends Liaodong-defending it by discussing war, starting from worshiping Huan.

Nurhachi, also known as Qing Taizu, released the so-called "seven great hatreds" and rose up against the Ming Dynasty. In Liaodong, the eastward expedition to the west became a border issue of the Ming Dynasty. Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty went to war with Houjin, and the battle was really not beautiful. The whole Liaodong was almost occupied by the late Jin Dynasty, and several attacks failed. The defense line of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong contracted again and again, almost retreating to Shanhaiguan, and the border affairs were urgent and urgent.

Yuan Chonghuan, who is in the midst of a national disaster and pretentious, left kyou-kan in a bad position and didn't say hello to anyone. He rode alone to check the situation inside and outside Shanhaiguan. At that time, the Ministry of War and his family didn't know where Master Yuan had gone. Soon, Yuan Chonghuan returned to Beijing, wrote to Mao, talked about the situation inside and outside Shanhaiguan, and then recommended himself: "Give me our army and money, and I will defend this myself." . Some people praised Yuan Chonghuan for his talent, so he was promoted to a higher position to supervise the soldiers and horses outside the customs and gave him 200,000 yuan. Yuan Chonghuan, with his talent and courage, became a figure relied on by managers and supervisors at that time.

Emperor Gaudi succeeded Sun Chengzong as the commander-in-chief of Liaodong, thinking that the Commissioner could not keep it, he advocated retreating to Shanhaiguan and ordered the soldiers to move to the Commissioner. In the sixth year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi learned that Liaodong had changed slightly and took the opportunity to lead an army to attack Ningyuan. Yuan Chonghuan led Zu Dashou and others to the death of World War I, and beat back Nurhachi's army, which was called "Ningyuan Victory" in history.

Mingshi

There is a saying in the Biography of Yuan Chonghuan, "I was in the Qing Dynasty, and when I sent troops, everything was destroyed, and the general dared not discuss it.". Discuss and defend it, starting from Chonghuan. " Translated, it means that I attacked the Ming Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty and was invincible. The generals of the Ming dynasty were frightened and dared not talk about whether to fight or defend. They have the confidence to say whether to fight or make peace, starting with Yuan Chonghuan. The History of Ming Dynasty was later revised by the Qing Dynasty. As an opponent, this evaluation shows that Yuan Chonghuan's contribution in Liaodong is remarkable.

Yuan Chonghuan attaches great importance to it-demanding full-time power.

Yuan Chonghuan won the battle of Liaodong during the apocalypse, but he didn't get the heavy responsibility. Under the framework of Wei Zhongxian, his official position was gradually promoted. Later, Emperor Chongzhen succeeded to the throne. The industrious and virtuous monarch in history abandoned Wei Zhongxian, who endangered the imperial court, and attached great importance to Yuan Chonghuan. "Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in Ming Dynasty" records:

In July, Chonghuan entered Beijing, and the story of Chen Bing was played first. The emperor summoned the platform and comforted Lian to discuss the strategy. Right: "The general plan has been sparse. I will take care of your majesty as soon as possible, and I am willing to take a vacation at a cheap price. After five years, the whole Liao country can be restored. " The emperor said, "When I return to Liao, I will definitely reward you without hesitation. Daqing tried to solve the world upside down, and the descendants of Daqing also benefited from it. " Chonghuan nodded his thanks.

The emperor retired and had less rest, giving Xu Yuqing five years' rest. Chonghuan said, "The sacred heart is tired, so talk to comfort your ears." Yu Qing said, "You are wise, but you can be right. What can I do if I take responsibility on schedule in the future? " Chonghuan fled. After a while, the emperor came out and said, "Things in the East are not easy to finish. Since your majesty appointed me, I dare to resign. But within five years, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will pay salaries, the Ministry of Industry will provide equipment, the Ministry of Civil Affairs will employ people, and the Ministry of Military Affairs will dispatch troops. Only when everything at home and abroad corresponds can it help. " The emperor is a minister of four ministries, as he said.

Chonghuan added, "It is more than enough to control the whole Liao country with the strength of the ministers, but it is not enough to mobilize the masses. As soon as I went abroad, I became Wan Li. Don't be jealous of your job, your husband is empty. Even if I don't have the power to push my elbow, I can also confuse my affairs with my point of view. The emperor stood up to listen and said, "Don't doubt it, I will preside over it myself. Liu Hongxun, a great scholar, and others please return the sword of the minister and Gui, so as to give Chonghuan a cheap fake. The emperor learned a lesson from it and gave worship to Huan wine.

From the above, we can know that when Yuan Chonghuan came to see Chongzhen, he promised to recover the lost land in Liaodong within five years, and told the emperor that to accomplish these things, Yuan Chonghuan could not be the only one, but needed the Ministry of Industry to pay, the Ministry of Industry to produce weapons, the official department to produce talents, the Ministry of War to select soldiers, and the joint efforts inside and outside the court.

Later, he said, I am more than enough for Lao Yuan to pacify Liaodong, but there are many people, and it is impossible to prevent it. The villain is jealous, either using power to contain me or making suggestions to disrupt my deployment. Emperor Chongzhen even stood up to listen to him, told him not to be suspicious, and gave him a square sword to make him act cheaply.

Yuan Chonghuan first went to Liaodong to quell the mutinous soldiers, and then appealed to the local "Thirty-six Haller Shen". Step by step, let the Ming Dynasty gain a foothold in Liaodong. His career also reached the peak of his life, and the emperor trusted and held the power. But later, things went in the other direction.

Yuan Chonghuan's death-forcing yourself to death step by step.

Emperor Chongzhen gave Yuan Chonghuan the important task of recovering and defending Liaodong, and gave him an injection, which was a great trust. We know that Yuan Chonghuan was finally sentenced to death that year. Why did such a dramatic scene happen?

Act beyond one's authority and cause trouble. Yuan Chonghuan's talent is beyond doubt. As mentioned above, it is his old Yuan who can stop the late Jin army on the battlefield in Liaodong. This man is very talented, but he also has a bad habit of acting beyond his authority. For example, during the Apocalypse, Yuan Chonghuan, as a supervisor, once checked the establishment of the army and immediately killed a distribution school.

Sun Chengzong, who was in charge of Liaodong at that time, was very angry when he learned about it. "The prison army can kill people." . Later, Mao went beyond his authority and killed him on Pidao. Who is Mao? He is the commander-in-chief of Liao Ping and the commander of the left wing. He is also a senior general with a sword in his hand. To kill him, you have to have the emperor's will, but Yuan Chonghuan has to act first. Emperor Chongzhen was surprised when he learned that Mao was dead and had to rely on Yuan Chonghuan to fight, so he tried not to break out, which also laid a curse for Yuan Chonghuan.

It's suspicious to retreat and retreat. At first, Chongzhen trusted Yuan Chonghuan, gave him a hand, gave him the power to act cheaply, and gave him whatever he wanted. At the beginning, Yuan Chonghuan also declared to the emperor that the general was easily suspected and slandered when he was away, and asked the emperor to trust himself. However, what he did later aroused the suspicion of Chongzhen step by step and led himself to a dead end step by step.

First, killing hair without authorization, the biggest reason is to pay too much, acting first and acting later, which looks very awesome, but it is easy to cause great disaster. You don't take the emperor seriously, and for the sake of the overall situation, Chongzhen endured it. After killing Mao, in order to prevent the soldiers from mutiny, he asked for an increase in pay. In the eyes of Chongzhen, this is not contradictory. You say gross spending is more, but you don't spend more.

Later, Huang taiji led the army to bypass the defense line and hit Beijing at the gates. Yuan Chonghuan quickly led the troops to defend the capital, and Chongzhen was also very happy. It happened that he did another stupid thing, and applied to the emperor for the army to enter the city to rest. After all, Yuan Chonghuan brought border guards, not imperial troops. Chongzhen was confused. Did you want to learn from Dong Zhuo when you entered the city?

Do things too ostentatiously and be hated. After the above two points, Yuan Chonghuan's fate can be basically guessed. Yuan Chonghuan is too high-profile, such as fighting Liao for five years. Later, he was arrested and imprisoned, and many people framed him for collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country. Emperor Chongzhen thought of what had happened before. Have to suspect that this Yuan Chonghuan may really not be a loyal minister.

"Ming history" records:

Will I set up a room in the Qing dynasty and say that Chonghuan has a secret agreement and let the eunuchs know it, even if Yin goes? The man ran to the emperor and the emperor believed him. Dragon decided to reverse his conviction, and Wei Zhongxian left the team to avenge the rebellion with Yuan Hongxun and Yuan Hongxun. Seeing the worship of officials, being good at making peace with the Lord and killing Wei is guilty. In August of three years, he was in the city, and his brother and wife lived in their home for three thousand miles. Chonghuan has no children, and there is nothing at home. The world was wronged. At first, Chonghuan killed Long Wen by mistake, and even the emperor killed Chonghuan by mistake. Since the death of Chonghuan, no one has benefited from border affairs, and Ming Wu will definitely die.

The Biography of Yuan Chonghuan in Ming Dynasty concluded that Yuan Chonghuan was a loyal minister of Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty sent spies, who were framed by insiders of the Ming Dynasty, and finally killed Yuan Chonghuan. However, the book "North Records of Ming Dynasty" compiled by the early Qing Dynasty? According to Yuan Chonghuan, people in Beijing were very happy after Yuan Chonghuan was arrested. When he was executed, people rushed to buy his meat, and the meat cut soon sold out.

Yuan Chonghuan is a loyal minister. Yuan Chonghuan actively guarded Liaodong. If Yuan Chonghuan wants to rebel, there is no need to wait until the enemy hits the capital before collaborating with the enemy to betray the country. If he really wants to take the opportunity to pull an army into the city and launch a rebellion, as a commander in chief, he will not easily enter the city and be imprisoned by Chongzhen.

Yuan Chonghuan is a little wronged. Yuan Chonghuan's tragedy is largely the reason why he did things himself. Once he is in power, he will obey orders. Under the system at that time, the emperor was the master of the world, and when he was in control of military power abroad, he should try to avoid suspicion. However, he repeatedly did things that made the emperor suspicious, which eventually led to his own tragedy.

Extended data:

Yuan Chonghuan (1584—1630), a morpheme, was born in Shijie, Dongguan, Guangdong, and Wuzhou, Guangxi (the origin is disputed). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Ji Liao was the supervisor.

In the forty-seventh year of Wanli (16 19), he was a scholar, and later recommended himself to work in Liaodong border. Sun Chengzong valued Ningyuan. In the war against the Qing army (the latter Jin Dynasty), Ningyuan and Ningjin successively won a great victory, but Wei Zhongxian resigned and returned to his hometown because he was unpopular.

After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, Yuan Chonghuan was re-enabled. In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), Huang Taiji was repelled. After the siege of the capital was lifted, the remnants of Wei Zhongxian impeached Yuan Chonghuan on charges of "killing the island commander (Mao)", "making peace with the Qing court" and "being enemies with Chengmi", and Huang Taiji took the opportunity to carry out double espionage. Yuan Chonghuan was finally thought to have a secret agreement with Houjin.

Although Yuan Chonghuan is a famous anti-Qing fighter, he is also a controversial figure. One is a collection of Yuan's posthumous works, and the other is a collection of Yuan Chonghuan.

References:

Yuan Chonghuan-Baidu encyclopedia