How to learn science well under the college entrance examination system in Guangdong?

Physics is a natural science course that is difficult to learn. You can't learn by rote. If you recite word by word, you will not be able to solve a problem. Physics is taught in junior high schools, senior high schools and universities. There are many qualitative things in junior high school and many quantitative things in senior high school. Physics is a difficult subject in senior high school science subjects. Most students who have studied physics in senior high school, especially those who have poor grades in physics, always have such a question: "You can understand and listen clearly in class, but you can't do problems after class." This is a common problem, which deserves serious study by physics teachers and students. Let's briefly talk about the learning methods of senior high school physics to help students learn.

First, correct learning attitude.

First of all, analyze a common question raised by the above students, that is, why can you understand in class and can't do it after class? As a science teacher, I have such personal feelings: for example, reading a literary work, the description of natural scenery and the description of people's psychological activities in the article are amazing, and I know it is, but if I have to start writing, I may not be able to write others' level. There is absolutely no problem listening to others and reading other people's articles, but it is not so easy to write them yourself and become your own things. Another example is what a child would say. If he wants to write it, he must go through repeated writing exercises to get there. Therefore, if we want to change from understanding to doing, we should practice more on the basis of understanding, so as to master the laws and mysteries and truly become our own things, which is exactly where we should study physics in senior high school hard.

If you want to learn physics well, the first thing is to study hard, that is, to dare to bear hardships, cherish time and study tirelessly. Establish confidence, firmly believe that you can learn any course well, firmly believe in the "law of conservation of energy transformation", and firmly believe that there should be gains if you pay. Please read the following three quotations about this article:

I never believe in any innate or acquired talent, and I can succeed without firm and long-term efforts. -Dickens (English writer)

The main reason why some people can go far beyond others is not so much genius as his indomitable spirit of concentrating on his studies and not giving up until he reaches his goal. -Dalton (British chemist)

The fastest and slowest, longest and shortest, most common and most precious, most easily overlooked and most regrettable thing in the world is time. -Gorky (Soviet writer)

How to work hard, what specific requirements should be met in the learning process, and what problems should be paid attention to? Let's analyze it in several levels.

Second, we should pay attention to eight links in learning: making plans → preview before class → concentrate in class → review in time → work independently → solve problems → system summary → extracurricular learning. The most important thing here is: concentrate in class → review in time → work independently → solve problems → summarize systematically. In the above eight links, there are many learning methods. According to the characteristics of physics and how to learn physics well, some specific learning methods are introduced below.

(1) Sanji. Basic concepts should be clear, basic laws should be familiar, and basic methods should be skilled. Give an example about the basic concept. Like speed. It has two meanings: one is to express speed; The second is the ratio of distance to time (such as in uniform circular motion), and the speed is the ratio of displacement to time (in uniform linear motion). There are two formulas for calculating basic laws, such as average speed, V=s/t and V=(vo+vt)/2. The former is a defined formula, which is applicable to any situation, and the latter is a derived formula, which is only applicable to the case of uniform linear motion. Let's talk about the basic methods often used in studying middle school problems, such as holism and isolation, which are typical supplementary methods. Finally, another question belongs to three basic problems. That is, in the process of learning physics, we sum up some concise and practical inferences or conclusions, which are very useful for solving problems and learning physics well. For example, "the potential decreases along the electric field line"; "The tension on the same rope is equal"; "Maximum speed when acceleration is zero"; "Lorentz force does not do work" and so on.

(2) Do the problem independently. Do some problems independently with good quality and quantity (meaning not relying on others). There must be a certain number of topics, not too few, but also a certain quality, that is to say, there must be some difficulty. Anyone who studies mathematics and physics can't learn this level well. Solving problems independently may sometimes be slow, sometimes you have to take detours, and sometimes you can't even solve them, but these are normal and the only way for any beginner to succeed.

(3) Physical process. To clarify the physical process, there must be hidden dangers in solving problems if the physical process is not clear. No matter how difficult the topic is, try to draw as much as possible, some can draw sketches, and some need to draw accurate pictures, using compasses, triangles, protractors and so on. To represent geometric relationships. Drawing can turn abstract thinking into image thinking and master physical process more accurately. With this diagram, we can make state analysis and dynamic analysis. State analysis is fixed, dead and discontinuous, while dynamic analysis is alive and continuous.

(4) attending classes. Listen carefully in class and don't think or think as little as possible. Don't be self-righteous, learn from the teacher modestly. Don't give up listening just because the teacher speaks simply. If this happens, it can be regarded as review and consolidation. Try to be consistent and synchronized with the teacher, and you can't do it yourself, otherwise it will be self-study. After getting started, with a certain foundation, you are allowed to have your own activity space, that is, you are allowed to have something of your own. The more you learn, the more things you have.

(5) notebook. Class is mainly based on listening, and there are notebooks, and some things should be written down. Knowledge structure, good problem-solving methods, good examples, places you don't understand, etc. Should be recorded. After class, you should sort out your notes, on the one hand, you should "digest" them, on the other hand, you should supplement your notes. Notebook is not only to remember what the teacher said in class, but also to make some reading notes. Good problems found in homework and good solutions should also be recorded in a notebook, which is what students often call a "good problem book". Hard-won notebooks should be numbered, studied later and kept for life.

(6) learning materials. Learning materials should be well preserved, classified and marked. The classification of learning materials includes exercises, papers, experimental reports and so on. Marking refers to, for example, marking exercises. General questions are not marked. Good questions, valuable questions and error-prone questions are marked differently for future reading. Marking can save a lot of time.

(7) time. Time is precious. Without time, there is no time to do anything, so we should pay attention to making full use of time, which is a very superb art. For example, we can save time by "recalling" learning methods. Before going to bed, waiting for the bus, walking on the road, etc. We can recall the lessons of the day section by section, so that we can learn them again and again and achieve the goal of strengthening. Some physics problems are more difficult, and some problems may be solved on foot. People who study physics often have several problems in their minds that they can't do and won't forget. I don't know when they will make a breakthrough and find the answer to the question.

(8) learn from others. We should learn from others, from our classmates, from people around us and see how others learn. We should often have "academic" exchanges with them, teach each other, learn from each other and improve together. We must never be self-righteous. Cann't be conservative Tell others if you have a good method, so that others will tell you that you have a good method. You should have some good friends in your study.

(9) Knowledge structure. We should attach importance to the knowledge structure, master it systematically, and systematize scattered knowledge. From the whole knowledge structure of physics to the knowledge structure of mechanics, even to chapters, such as the knowledge structure of statics and so on.

(10) Mathematics. The calculation of physics depends on mathematics, which is too important for learning physics. Physics is difficult to do without mathematics as a calculation tool. In the physics department of the university, mathematics and physics are equally important. To learn mathematics well, we must make good use of this powerful tool.

(1 1) Sports activities. Healthy body is the guarantee of good study, and vigorous energy is the guarantee of high efficiency in study. You should always take part in sports activities, know one or two kinds of exercise methods, take part in sports activities all your life, and do sports activities continuously. Just because you are interested in fishing for three days and drying the net for two days, it will not do much good to your health. Consciously exercise. To ensure adequate sleep, it is not advisable to increase study time by reducing sleep time. You can't get some good results at the expense of overdraft health. We can't talk about the so-called "sprint" and "struggle" at every turn. We should also pay attention to regularity in our study, that is to say, we should always work hard and not engage in surprise attacks.

Third, pay attention to the cultivation of self-study ability.

Memory: In the study of high school physics, we should memorize the basic concepts, laws and some basic conclusions, which is what we often call the most basic knowledge. Students often ignore the memory of these basic concepts and think that learning physics does not need to memorize these literal things. As a result, few students, even those in cram schools, can accurately state their physical concepts in the review of senior three. I can't absolutely say that the incompleteness of physical concepts has a great influence on your study in a certain exam or a certain stage, but I can definitely say that your understanding of physical problems has an inherent adverse effect on the formation of your knowledge of the whole physical system. You can't tell which question in an exam will lose points because of your inaccurate concept. Therefore, learning Chinese requires memorizing famous sayings and epigrams, learning mathematics requires memorizing basic formulas, and learning physics also requires memorizing basic concepts and laws. This is the first premise and the most basic requirement to learn physics well. Without this step, the following study is impossible.

Accumulation: it is the work after memory in the process of learning physics. On the basis of memory, we constantly collect a lot of information about physics knowledge from textbooks and reference materials, some of which come from a topic, some from an illustration of a topic, and some may come from a short reading material. In the process of collecting and sorting out, we should be good at analyzing and classifying different knowledge points, and find out similarities and differences in the process of sorting out, so as to facilitate memory. The process of accumulation is a process of struggle between memory and forgetting. However, it is necessary to make knowledge more comprehensive and systematic through repeated memory, and the relationship between formulas, theorems and laws is closer, so as to achieve the purpose of accumulation. Never repeat your homework like a bear breaking a stick, rote it and think nothing. The result will only be more memories than forgetfulness.

Synthesis: Physical knowledge is divided into chapters and sections, and the contents that can be required in the physical examination outline are also one by one. They are both interrelated and different. Therefore, in the process of physics learning, we should constantly carry out small synthesis, and wait until the third grade knowledge is learned before systematically synthesizing. This process requires students' ability, and chapters are interrelated, and different chapters can be compared with each other, so that the knowledge before and after can be truly integrated, so as to gradually find the connection of knowledge from synthesis and find the interest in learning physics knowledge.

Improvement: through the memory and accumulation of previous knowledge and careful synthesis, the ability to solve problems can be improved. The so-called ability improvement, to put it bluntly, is to improve the ability to solve and analyze problems. For a topic, we should first look at what the problem is-mechanics, heat, electromagnetism, optics or atomic physics, and then make clear the research object, combine the conditions given in the topic, apply relevant physical concepts and laws, and also use some physical first-and second-level conclusions to get a smooth result. It is conceivable that if the basic concepts of physics are not clear, the given conditions or implied conditions in the questions can not be seen, or the formula used in solving problems is wrong or the primary and secondary conclusions should be used, but the original formula is used, the speed and correct rate of solving problems will be affected, and getting high marks in the exam will become empty talk. Improvement is first of all proficient in solving problems, then flexible in solving problems, and finally innovative in solving problems. This includes multiple solutions of the same problem, and the simplest method can be selected from the multiple solutions; It also includes multiple solutions to one problem and successful solutions to multiple similar problems. Really reach the level of dexterity and ease of use.

To sum up, there are roughly six levels in learning physics, that is, understanding first, remembering later, practicing and using, gradually mastering, practice makes perfect, and being brave in innovation, and finally reaching the highest level of learning physics from the initial goal of basic knowledge.

In the process of physics learning, according to the cognitive process from simple to complex, and comparing with six learning levels, we can gradually find out our position and level, find out our shortcomings, and then determine our improvement and efforts. The study in senior high school is to prepare for university study, which puts forward higher requirements for students' self-study ability. The basic process of physics learning mentioned above-memory, accumulation, synthesis and improvement-is the process of cultivating their self-learning ability. They learned the learning methods, became interested in physics, and mastered the characteristics of the close combination of physics experiment discipline and practice. Through their own efforts, they will certainly learn high school physics well.

The above has briefly talked about some learning methods. More specific and effective learning methods need to be explored and summarized by themselves in the learning process, and others' methods need to be tested by themselves before they can become their own things.