Textual research on local chronicles: Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Pizhou (Author: Zhou)

Pizhou, called Xiapi in ancient times, is a place with a long history. As early as the Xia and Shang Dynasties, it was called "Piguo" (Li Jifu's Map of Yuanhe County, Volume 9: "Shapi County, Piguo this summer"). Pixian County was founded in the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1year), and was renamed Pizhou in the first year of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 579) in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. After the Revolution of 1911, Pizhou was changed to Pixian in the first year of the Republic of China (19 12). 1992 Withdraw the county and set up a city, named Pizhou City. The resident of Pizhou City is called "Canal Town". The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is named because it goes around the city. Pizhou is the only county named after the canal on both sides of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, which stretches for thousands of miles. The key primary school in Pizhou is called Canal Primary School (Xiao Yun), the key middle school is called Canal Middle School (Yunzhong), and the only university in China is also called Canal Normal School (Yunshi). In addition, Pizhou has bearing names such as "Yundong", "Yunxi" and "Yunnan". The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the north and south, and the two sides are only divided into east and west. How can there be a difference between the south and the north? This is because the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal flows through the west side of Pizhou County, reaches Sancha River, turns from the south to the east, then turns to the southeast, and flows into Lake Rome. So in Pizhou, there are "South Canal Bank" and "North Canal Bank". It's nothing. What is even more surprising is that there are two Grand Canals in Pizhou: one is the middle section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal from Taierzhuang in the north, and the other is the weak section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal from Xuzhou in the west. These two grand canals meet at the Dawang Temple on the beach, just like "two dragons playing with pearls", flowing in Pizhou, nourishing the fertile land on both sides. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal starts from Jingmen Tongzhou in the north and ends in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in the south. From north to south, it successively flows through Tongzhou, Wuqing, Langfang and Cangzhou in Beijing, Dezhou, Liaocheng, Jining and Zaozhuang in Hebei, Xuzhou, Suqian and Huai 'an, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou, including 6 provinces (municipalities), 19 large and medium-sized cities. It connects Haihe River, Yellow River and Huaihe River with Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of 1794 km. If these six provinces (municipalities) are taken as landmarks, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal can be divided into six sections: North Canal (Tongzhou-Tianjin), South Canal (Tianjin-Liaocheng), Lu Canal (Liaocheng-Taierzhuang), Middle Canal (Taierzhuang-Huai 'an), Li Canal (Huai 'an-Yangzhou) and Jiangnan Canal (Zhenjiang-Hangzhou). Pizhou is located in the south of Shandong and the north of Jiangsu, belonging to the middle section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. The central canal from Taierzhuang, Shandong Province to Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province, with a total length of 186 km. Through Lake Rome, the Middle Canal can be divided into upper and lower sections. From Taierzhuang to Lake Rome is the upper section, and from Lake Rome to Huai 'an is the lower section. Pizhou is in the upper section of the Central Canal. From huang lou cun, Chefushan Town, it flows into Pizhou Canal, all the way to the southeast, and flows into Roman Lake in the east of Zhanglou Mazhuang, with a length of 56. 1 km in Pizhou. Another Pizhou Canal named after the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal Committee is called "the unstable section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal". It starts from Linjiaba in Weishan Lake in the west, flows through Xuzhou and Tongshan, enters Pi at Xin 'anzhuang in Suyangshan Town, and joins the Central Canal at Dawangmiao, with a total length of 72 kilometers, of which 13.5 kilometers flows through Pizhou. This canal is not only the main waterway for transporting coal from north to south in Jiangsu Province, but also the east water conveyance route of the national South-to-North Water Transfer Project. It undertakes more than half of the water transport of Pizhou Grand Canal and plays an important role in the development of water transport in Pizhou. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has a long history. It has been 2500 years since Fu Cha, the king of Wu, dug ditches in 486 BC. However, it did not flow through Pizhou for a long time. Since the thirty-second year of Wanli (AD 1604), it has only a history of more than 400 years. At that time, due to the blindness of the Yellow River, the riverbeds such as Surabaya were silted up and flooded, which brought serious floods to Pizhou. Li Hualong, a river manager, recruited migrant workers to divert water from Lijiakou, Xiazhen, Peixian County (now Weishan County, Shandong Province), to connect with small rivers such as Penghe to the southeast, to the estuary and then to the ancient river, and then to the Zaohe River in Suqian to directly enter the Yellow River, which is known as the "East Canal" (also known as Taohe River). This is the middle section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, which now flows through Pizhou. The unstable section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal was rebuilt from the original unstable river, which began at 1958 and has only been more than 50 years. It is the youngest river in the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. For more than 400 years, the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has brought many advantages to Pizhou, especially in water conservancy and water transportation, which has promoted the local economic and cultural development of Pizhou. Let's talk about water conservancy first. Pizhou, low-lying, is a famous "flood corridor" in history, which has been flooded for nine years. It borders Weishan Lake in the north and Lake Rome in the south. The terrain inclines from northwest to southeast, with an altitude of 32.6-20.4m and a drop of12m. Surabaya, Yishui and so on. The territory is full of natural rivers, with narrow bends and changeable riverbeds. In summer and autumn, when there is heavy rain, the guest water from southern Shandong floods in, and Pizhou becomes Zeguo. When the East Canal was dug in the Ming Dynasty, the water in Weishan Lake could be discharged from the upper part and discharged into Roman Lake from the lower part, and the flood in Pizhou was initially controlled. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially since the founding of New China, Pizhou has vigorously carried out irrigation and water conservancy construction, and successively excavated and dredged more than 0/kloc, such as Taogou River, Bulan River, Picang Flood Diversion Channel, Xiqiao River, Guanhu River, Liubao River and Fangting River, and formed the middle canal water system. Together with the construction of Huanglou, Xiaowu, Ai Shan and Yangmiao reservoirs, the designed total storage capacity is 7.22 million cubic meters, which makes Pizhou's flood control capacity reach the level of once in 50 years. In the past, the "flood corridor" in southern Shandong has now become a commodity grain base in northern Jiangsu. Let's talk about water transportation. Water transportation in Pizhou has a history of nearly 3000 years. Surabaya was navigable long before the Spring and Autumn Period. When describing the road of tribute in Kyushu, Shangshu Gong Yu said, "Float on Huaisi and reach the great river. The "river" here is the Yellow River; "Si" is Surabaya, which runs through Pizhou. It can be inferred that Pizhou had water transportation at that time, but its economic status was not very prominent, and it was rarely recorded in history books. After the East Canal was dug in the Ming Dynasty, the water transport from the East Canal to the north via Weishan Lake avoided the old road from Zhihekou to Xuzhou west of the Yellow River, which created good conditions for Pizhou water transport. During this period, Pizhou's water transportation was prosperous, with many white sails and ships. In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (AD 1855), the Yellow River moved from its current route to the sea, and canals and weirs were washed away, and many rivers were blocked, making it impossible for large ships to navigate. The water transport in Pizhou, especially to the north of the Grand Canal, tends to decline in the past century. After the founding of New China, with the dredging and expansion of the middle section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the water transport in Pizhou recovered and developed rapidly. According to relevant statistics, in 1949, there were only 43 barges in Pizhou/12 10 ton and 342 wooden sailboats/2,838 tons. To 1987, Pizhou has 160/19505 horsepower, 2 186 barge/146 159 tonnage,192/kloc. Pizhou Port has become the largest inland coal port in China, and its mechanization level ranks first among the major ports along the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal for many years. In 2005, the annual throughput of Pizhou Port reached 4065438+620,000 tons. Liu Shan lock in Pizhou is a large ship lock in the weak reach of Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, which can be used for two-lane traffic of 2000-ton fleet. Its design capacity is 2 1 10,000 tons of goods per year, but now the cargo throughput is 50 million tons. Pizhou's water transport industry is prosperous and the situation is gratifying. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has not only made great contributions to the water conservancy and water operation in Pizhou, but also cultivated many small towns (market towns) on both sides of the Grand Canal in Pizhou. Hotels, restaurants, pharmacies, jewelry stores, grain markets, firewood markets, cloth markets, fish markets, schools, hospitals, theaters and churches, all walks of life, with the continuous development of these small towns and cities, are increasingly prosperous. It can be said that Pizhou would not be so prosperous today without the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. People in Pizhou often say, "I grew up drinking canal water. From this perspective, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is worthy of being the "mother river" of Pizhou.