Xiangfan City has been renamed Xiangyang City. When was Huangshan City renamed Huizhou City?

Xiangfan City has been renamed Xiangyang City. When was Huangshan City renamed Huizhou City?

People's Daily Online, Wuhan, 65438+February 2 (Reporter Gu Zhaonong) Recently, the State Council approved the renaming of Xiangfan City in Hubei Province as Xiangyang City. The original Xiangyang District of Xiangfan City was renamed Xiangzhou District of Xiangyang City.

Xiangyang, like many historical cities, has long gone down in history and is deeply rooted in people's hearts. I read history and classical literature when I was a teenager, and I still remember this place name with strong historical and cultural color. More than 40 years ago, when I was compiling a newspaper supplement, I received a manuscript from an old poet. The attached letter said that he "entered Xiangyang day and night in XX", which is a very common letter language, but before the word "entered" was used in Xiangyang place names, many ancient meanings were added. As if seeing the flashing lights, a distant traveler walked into the ancient city with simple luggage and wandered around the old streets looking for a place to live. This weather-beaten map can only be associated with the names of Xiangyang, Jingzhou and similar ancient cities. If you change it to "into Guangzhou", "into Ningbo" and "into Shijiazhuang", you will not have that charm. From then on, as soon as I saw the name Xiangyang, I would think of three words in the poet's letter. I still remember that although I have never been to Xiangyang, the city that has been changed to "Xiangfan".

Many cities in China named after "Zhou", "City" and "Yang" have experienced long vicissitudes of life, which are also the testimony of a long culture. Just saying the word "Yang" means to build on the mountain and live by the water, indicating the birth history of the city. There are many cities named after "Yang": Liaoyang in Liaoning, Raoyang in Hebei, Jinyang in Shanxi (Taiyuan), Anyang in Henan, Huaiyang in Xinyang, Yueyang in Hunan, Hengyang in Fujian and Jianyang in Fujian, all of which are related to mountains and water. Xiangyang was founded in the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), with a history of seven years and two thousand years. They are deeply rooted and cannot be changed at will.

But what needs to be discussed most is Huizhou in Anhui. Huizhou has a long history. As far back as six or seven thousand years ago, that is, in the 5th/kloc-0th century BC, in the late matriarchal society of China, human beings have been working and living in this beautiful and rich mountain area. During the Shang Dynasty three or four thousand years ago, there was an ancestor named Shanyue, who was a member of Baiyue. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, this place first belonged to Wu, and Wu returned to Yue, and Yue returned to Chu. After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he implemented the county system, which is the territory of Huiji County. Xin 'an County was established in the Southern Dynasties, and the county moved its capital, never leaving the upper reaches of Xin 'an River. Huizhou was called Xin 'an in ancient times, and its origin was based on this. In the Song Dynasty, on May 24th (A.D. 1 12 1), the imperial edict changed her name to Huizhou. About the origin of Huizhou's name, it is said that Huizhou has Hui Ling, Huishui and Dahui Village, so the state is named after the place name; On the other hand, it is said that Zhao Song took the meaning of "emblem, beauty and goodness" to show off his recovery of this area. These two theories have coexisted for more than 800 years, and the names of counties have been used throughout the ages. When the province was established in the sixth year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1667), the initials of Anqing and Huizhou were used as the provincial names.

Huizhou School is one of the three major regional cultures in China (Tibetan studies, Dunhuang studies and Huizhou studies), covering many fields such as philosophy, Confucian classics, history, medicine, science and art. Huangshan City is located at the junction of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, surrounded by mountains. In ancient Huizhou, there has always been a saying that "the mountains are deep and quiet, and there are few scholars and businessmen". Whenever the Central Plains is in the autumn of war, it becomes a land of hidden dragons and crouching tigers. It is not only a paradise in troubled times, but also a treasure house of talents to manage the world. Ancient Huizhou had a prosperous writing style and developed education. "The village of ten families is not a waste of reading." Therefore, there are many people in history who have entered the official position with talents and respected the world with literature. In Ci Hai, there are more than 50 celebrities in Huizhou, ranking first among the state capitals in China. According to incomplete statistics, there were 542 scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including 1, 5 13. It is not uncommon for them to be "three academies in a row, four academicians in ten miles", "prime ministers of father and son" and "four generations and one product". During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huizhou merchants dominated the business world for 200 to 300 years, and there was a saying that there was no town and no emblem. Huizhou merchants are good at Confucianism, and the trinity of "official, Jia and Confucianism" has formed a unique culture of Huizhou merchants. Historically, various talents have come forth in large numbers, and academic research is colorful. For example, Bi Sheng, the founder of movable type printing, Zhu, Guo Xu (Li Shiming Jiajing, Wanli), Cao Zhenyong (Li Shiming Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang), rich businessman Bao, famous dramatist Daokun Wang, Wang Ji, Huimo and Huiguang. Financier Wang Maoyin (the only China person mentioned in Marx's Das Kapital), abacus masters Cheng Dawei, Tao Xingzhi and Hu Shi, musician Zhang Shu, engineering and technical expert Zhan Tianyou, Secretary General of Marshal Sun Yat-sen's Office Zheng, and modern jurist Xu Qian all came from Huizhou. At the same time, the prosperity of Huizhou merchants has formed cultural schools with unique local characteristics, such as Xin 'an Neo-Confucianism, Xin 'an Medicine, Xin 'an Painting School, Huizhou Bonsai, Huimo She Yan, Huizhou Architecture, Huizhou Sculpture, Huizhou Opera and Huizhou Cuisine. More than 4,900 ground cultural relics have been discovered, including 45 national and provincial key protected cultural relics. Until today, there are still ancient bridges, pagodas, pavilions, ancestral halls and ancient archways all over Huangshan, just like a natural history museum. Huizhou was founded in the third year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 12 1). Due to the convenient land and water transportation and prosperous business, Huizhou gradually became a large county in the southeast, which was promoted to Huizhou Road in the Yuan Dynasty and renamed Huizhou House in the Ming Dynasty. The establishment of a province in the Qing Dynasty is to take a word from the names of two big cities, Anqing and Huizhou, and call it Anhui Province. Similarly, Jiangning (Nanjing) and Suzhou are in Jiangsu Province, Fuzhou and Jianyang are in Fujian Province, and Ganzhou (Zhangye) and Suzhou (Jiuquan) are in Gansu Province. However, such an ancient county town with a thousand-year history and world-famous suddenly changed its name to Huangshan City. It is said that it is to "play the Huangshan brand." Of course, the "Huangshan brand" should be played, which is related to the development of tourism. But do you have to change your name to Huizhou or Tunxi to play this card? By analogy, to play the West Lake card or Qiantang River card, we must first rename Hangzhou as West Lake City or Qiantang River City, and to play the Pudong card, we must first rename Shanghai as Pudong City. Is this not a joke?

There are two famous Anhui writers, both of whom have written articles to express their criticism. One is Comrade Ou, president of Anhui Academy of Social Sciences and former member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Advisory Committee, and the other is Comrade Xi Aixuan, former owner of Jiangsu Writers Association. Although they are not from Huizhou, they are always attached to that famous historical and cultural city and can't say anything about its loss. Ou Gong once wrote, "When will Huizhou return?" (containing Xinmin Evening News on February 7 1999), earnestly calling for "When can we recover Huizhou after we have lost it for more than ten years in Anhui?" The beautiful image of "recovery" is still in nothingness, but Ou Gong has traveled with this eternal hope. Brother Ai Xuan regrets that Huizhou was easily renamed, which is a disrespect for history and culture. I heard it with my own ears. He persisted in the tenacity of "say nothing, say nothing", but unfortunately he left with regret a few months ago. It seems that Huizhou's "lost and recovered" can only stay in the dream. At the same time as Shakespeare, Tang Xianzu was fascinated by Huizhou scenery all his life. After writing his masterpiece "Four Dreams of Tang Yuming", he sang two sentences in dismay: "I have never dreamed of Huizhou in my life." Will he expect that 400 years later, he will "have nowhere to find Huizhou in his dream"?

When you mention Huizhou, you will mention Huizhou merchants, that is, "No business without emblem". A few days ago, a set of "Xin 'an Family" broadcast on CCTV described Huizhou merchants. People generally call Huizhou merchants "Xin 'an merchants", commonly known as "Hui Gang". Xin 'an Aristocratic Family tells the story of Wang, Xu and Bao, representatives of Huizhou merchants, who fought desperately with foreign powers for national self-improvement, and reproduces the magnificent political and economic changes in China at the beginning of last century. Through the tragic and glorious course of three generations of Huizhou merchants, it shows the profound foundation and unique charm of the ancient Huizhou merchant culture of the Chinese nation.

At the end of the 20th century, on February 6th, 2000, at 65438, China People's Broadcasting Station picked up and broadcast the report "Dai Li, Zhang Guan, Huangshan City misled tourists for thirteen years". 14 days later, the Legal Daily on the 20th, with the title "Where Should Huangshan City Go", hit the nail on the head: "Now there is no you in the world, and the famous Huangshan Mountain has been hanged by others; When I came to Huangshan, I didn't see any complaints from Huangshan tourists. It is anyone's fault to find Huizhou. The two reports reached the same goal by different routes, and once again raised the issue of restoring Huizhou and Huangshan City to their proper positions.

Huizhou culture not only has a profound influence on China, but also enjoys a good reputation in the world. During the period of 1998, the "International Seminar on Huizhou Studies" was held in Jixi. Huizhou used to have a very developed economy. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants spread all over East China, and it has long been said that "there is no town without emblem". Huizhou's forest products and tea are the economic pillar products of Anhui Province, and "Qi Hong" and "Tunlu" are well-known brands at home and abroad. Huizhou is not only a rich and beautiful place, but also has many exquisite cultural landscapes, and it is a tourist attraction that people yearn for. All these constitute the brilliance of Huizhou. This is something that no one can turn a blind eye to or listen to.

However, it is such a good Huizhou. In the restructuring of 1987, the prefecture-level Huangshan City (commonly known as Dahuangshan City) was established, and the name of Huangshan replaced the place name of Huizhou. Since then, Huizhou has ceased to exist. At the same time, 1983 Huangshan City, a newly established tourist city at the foot of Huangshan Mountain, was revoked, and Jixi, the birthplace of Huizhou, was placed under Xuanzhou. Not only was a historic city erased from the map of China, but the original Huizhou area was dismembered. No wonder AARON Li, a senior journalist, wrote an article in People's Daily and lamented: "It's a pity that there is no Huizhou since then!"

1987, Huizhou was renamed Huangshan City, and the history of Huizhou was artificially cut off, resulting in Huangshan Mountain everywhere in southern Anhui and serious confusion of place names. Tunxi City and the former county-level Huangshan City were originally two good cities, but now they are all changed into municipal districts, and their administrative functions are neither fish nor fowl. Huizhou and Huangshan could have played at the same time, complemented each other, developed together and reflected each other. Now, two cards are simplified into one card, and Huizhou has been lost and Huangshan has been neglected, which has made Huizhou's economy unable to develop for many years, and Huangshan's tourism industry is far less developed than Taishan, Wuyishan and Zhangjiajie. Practice is the only criterion for testing truth, and people should be sober in the practice of 13.

The changes of place names that have evolved for thousands of years are related to many factors such as history, culture, geography, society and folk customs. It is better to follow the mass line, listen to the opinions of experts and people from all walks of life, and implement them conscientiously, which is better than making hasty decisions according to the will of a few people. I earnestly hope that just as the names of Qingzhou, Jingzhou and Xiangyang are restored, the names of Huizhou can also be restored, and there are other …

Feng Jicai: The Meaning of Place Names

After the historical blocks in some cities were destroyed in the "old city reconstruction", only one place name remained. This place name is nominal, vague and useless, so it should be changed. As a result, many place names are being erased from the map in batches. We are always so clean and thorough about our "revolution"

Is a place name meaningless in name only?

Recently, I read the insights published by Mr. AARON Li and Mr. Yuan Ying because of the renaming of Xiangyang and Huizhou, which triggered my in-depth thinking about the place names themselves.

First of all, a place name is not just a name, but the name of a specific area.

Cities are alive. Place names have the meaning of life, that is, they are as rich and profound as life. If this place has its own unique history and destiny, place names are the containers of this historical destiny, such as Tangshan and the earthquake disaster, Pingxingguan and Pingxingguan triumph, Rome and Roman history. If there is a unique and extraordinary culture here, this place name is the name of this culture. For example, Yangzhou and Yangzhou School of Painting, Suzhou and Suzhou Gardens, Shanghai and Shanghai Culture, Frankfurt and Frankfurt School, Florence and the whole Renaissance Movement. Cities have become a cultural attribute. If these cities change their names casually, what do you think they have lost?

Only when a place has its own place name can it really be born. Before that, it was just a natural and primitive settlement of human beings. Place names are the starting point of urban life. Since then, everything that happened in these cities, including its success or failure, honor or shame, twists and turns, has been invisibly accumulated in this seemingly few words place name. All this has gradually formed its unique historical culture in this place name. As long as we get out of this place name, it no longer belongs to this unique historical culture. If a place name is the cultural code of a city, then the life code of the city is among them.

If you respect the culture of this place, this place name is a kind of honorific title; If you have feelings for this place, this place name is a deep nickname. For example, the place name of hometown.

Place names have a kind of cohesion, affinity and complex emotions.

Of course, there have been many changes in place names in history. However, the changes of these place names are mostly due to political changes and dynasty changes. Changing the place name is always to show that "the place will change another day", and it is by no means a cultural consideration. However, it is precisely because of this unintentional inertia-this non-cultural tradition that we lack understanding of the cultural and spiritual values of place names that Mr. Yuan Ying pointed out that Huizhou was renamed Huangshan as a regrettable example. Huizhou is a charming and elegant ancient city. Once it is changed to Huangshan City, it is like becoming a new city, with a broken context, no charm and no advantages.

Place names are carriers of regional culture, symbols of specific culture and appellations that affect local feelings. So change your name carefully, and don't take it lightly. No matter the name of the city or the name of the street, especially in today's "urban reform" frenzy, a large area of historical blocks have been shoveled away, and place names have become a surviving history. If the place names are deleted again, history will be completely gone. Sooner or later, we will feel the loss of this culture, and we have already felt this loss and loss!

So, who will keep this vital history and culture? (People's Daily, version 12, 20065438+0113)

Liu Dehong: Also on Xiangfan and Huizhou

After reading AARON Li and Yuan Ying's "Why isn't Xiangfan called Xiangyang" and "Xiangfan, Huizhou and Others", I admire the thoughtfulness of the two gentlemen and their ability to dissect other people's minds. But I don't entirely agree with some of these arguments.

Xiangyang was renamed Xiangfan because it merged with Fancheng two towns across the Han River into one city. Xiangyang is only a part of this new city. If you still use the old name of Xiangyang, Fancheng will disappear for no reason. If Xiangyang has a long history and profound cultural heritage, isn't Fancheng a city with a long history and far-reaching influence? As early as the Zhou Dynasty, Frant Gwo, a member of Zhongshan Prefecture, established its capital here. This place is connected with Xiangyang as a whole, as close as lips and teeth, and it has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Ancient literature and cultural works, including the official history of the past dynasties and the romance of the Three Kingdoms, refer to Xiangyang, and most of them can't forget Fan Cheng. They think that the two places are closely related and will always be involved or compared.

Huizhou was renamed Huangshan City, which is different from the merger of Xiangyang and Fancheng, and is called Xiangfan. Besides the profound cultural background of Huizhou mentioned by Mr. Yuan Ying, I think there are two problems. First, before Huizhou was renamed Huangshan City, Huangshan City (county level) was already subordinate to Huizhou. After Huizhou was renamed as Huangshan City (prefecture level), the original Huangshan City was changed to huangshan district (still at county level), thus forming a pattern that Huangshan City has huangshan district and huangshan district has Huangshan Scenic Area. If someone who plans to travel to Huangshan Scenic Area asks where Huangshan Mountain is, the answer is that Huangshan Mountain is in huangshan district, Huangshan City, which makes people feel very uncomfortable. Second, Huizhou area (in Tunxi) has been changed to Huangshan City, not far from Huangshan, a scenic resort. People who don't know often have many misunderstandings and even cause unnecessary losses. For example, people who travel to Huangshan, regardless of the fatigue of the journey, get on the plane and drive to the downtown area of Huangshan, but they can't see the strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs of Huangshan. To see these scenery, they still have to pack their bags and keep running. This embarrassment is naturally caused by the renaming of Huizhou to Huangshan City.

I don't approve of renaming Huizhou as Huangshan City, but I also don't advocate restoring the old name. In recent years, there has been a trend of blind renaming. On the one hand, it is to follow the new trend and rename the regional city as "city", and at the same time change the "county" where the county government is located into "city". Therefore, there are small cities under the big cities, and the cities are under the jurisdiction of the cities. Mayor Zhang is a subordinate of Mayor Li, which is not only incomprehensible to outsiders, but also difficult for locals to say, such as "Mayor Zhang accompanied Mayor Li to visit the city" and so on. On the other hand, there is a revival complex. Some people think that only by restoring the old names can they attract tourists and attract overseas investment, so they will restore the place names to before the founding of New China or even ancient times, regardless of the change of time. Stars or stars, the moon or the moon. It is of little use to change the place name for development. (Author: Institute of Modern History, China Academy of Social Sciences)

Lu Keji: What's wrong with the new sound and the old tune?

After reading1People's Daily on October 6th 165438+ Chen Lirong questioned the article "Why isn't Xiangfan called Xiangyang?" The author has different opinions. First of all, Chen Wen made a logical mistake. I don't think "why isn't Xiangfan called Xiangyang" necessarily means that "all the old place names can come here (with a long history, great fame and deep cultural heritage) ... we must work hard to' tap the historical and cultural value'." It is true that, as Chen Wen said, "it can be regarded as a set of twenty-four histories, involving countless important towns in Xiongguan, and the place names changed by the change of government decrees abound." But this does not prove that the example of Xiangfan changing back to Xiangyang must be wrong.

Everything has its particularity. When we look at and comment on a matter, we should naturally adopt a dialectical, developmental and realistic attitude. Of course, many place names have changed frequently in history, and countless people have failed to pass the exam. If we all follow the map, it is impossible and unnecessary. However, in the long river of history, there are many examples of ancient capitals, famous towns and famous cities still shining after years of elutriation. Luoyang, Kaifeng, Xianyang, Jingzhou and of course Xiangyang are all good examples, aren't they? It is an indisputable fact that the names of these ancient cities, which have a long history and profound cultural connotations, have been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, whether through historical books or classic literary works, or whatever they have been called before. Moreover, I don't see how much trouble it will be to restore these ancient place names and tap their historical and cultural values. The names are all ready-made, so don't bother to look them up. Just change them back. Why bother!

As for naming a place with the initials of two places, Chen Wen cited many examples at home and abroad. In this regard, I can only say that this is still a pseudo-causal inference, which proves that the correctness of Xiangyang's name change to Xiangfan is also untenable.