Chinese-style severance

1. How to write the classical Chinese that determines the relationship? First, comprehensive and hierarchical.

Read the whole sentence, contact the whole text, the whole paragraph or the context, and find out what you have written and what you want to express. We should pay attention to the characteristics of monosyllabic words in classical Chinese, grasp the translation of several key words and understand the general idea of sentences.

At this time, we should pay attention to the function words at the beginning and end of the sentence, so as to break the place determined by paragraphs, levels or function words at the beginning and end of the sentence. If the Hunan question is an objective question, pay attention to comparison and make a choice.

Second: Title (generation) word, guest and guest. When reading, always mark the nouns in the paragraph.

Such as names of people, places, officials, families, vessels, animals and plants and time. Nouns are generally the objects of statement, description, explanation or discussion in articles, and they often break sentences before and after.

Nouns (pronouns) are often used as the subject and object of sentences. So find out the nouns or pronouns that appear repeatedly in the text, and you can basically break sentences. Common pronouns are: I, Yu, Yu, Er, Ru (female), Gong, Qing, Jun, Ruo (meaning "you") there, this, its, and thirdly, look at the function words and find the position.

Because function words in classical Chinese often have their fixed functions and positions. ) 1, the first word: Fu, Gai, Zhiruo, Ruofu, Chu, Wei, Si, Jin, etc. Often used at the beginning of sentences, they are usually unconnected before them.

2. Related words in complex sentences: although, though, vertical, even if, make, if, therefore, so, then, naturally, or, situation, and situation, if, as for, to if, there, then, whether, no, in front of them, are generally disconnected. 3. Words at the end of the sentence: Ye, Yi, Yan, Er, etc. Often used at the end of a declarative sentence; Yesi and evil (yee often used at the end of questions. In, fu and so on are often used at the end of exclamatory sentences.

They are usually disconnected at the back. 4. Interrogative modal particles: He, Hu, An, Dad, Mi, Yan, who, who, what, what, what, what and what can generally constitute interrogative sentences, as long as the context is complete.

5. Words marked by dialogue, such as: Yue, Yun and Yan, are usually disconnected afterwards. 6. Others, such as: 1. Yu, Wei, Ze, and, are often used in sentences, and there are generally no sentences before and after (when the word "he" is followed by a long and complete sentence, the word "he" should be disconnected).

Fourth, demonstrate sentences with grammar. Such as inverted sentences, prepositional objects and judgment sentences.

"Zhe" is also a typical sentence or word that expresses the relationship of judgment, such as "Wei", "Nai" and "Ze". It's also … Hu, he … Wei, An … zai (also), who is with … Hu, Qi … zai, etc. , are typical rhetorical questions; Existence …, existence …, existence …, and so on. Are typical passive sentences. Fixed structure: if … he, nai … he, if … he, nothing … Hu, nothing … Hu, situation … Hu, why … what to do, not … which if …

Fifth: clear rhetoric and clever judgment. Duality, parallelism, truthfulness and repetition are common rhetorical methods in classical Chinese, with neat sentence patterns of more than four or six sentences, which can be used in short sentences.

For example, the most true sentence "sons have grandchildren/grandchildren have sons/sons have sons/sons have grandchildren"; For example, the antithesis sentence "If the husband is at sunrise, flowers will bloom in the forest/clouds will die in the cave".

2. A poem describing the severance of relations. Guan Ning cuts his seat and robe.

Original text:

On ning, Hua Xin * * * garden hoe vegetables, epiphany has a piece of gold, pipe hoe and tile stone, catch it and throw it. I have also tasted the taste of reading at the same table. Those who pass by the entrance of the porch would rather study as before and read those useless books. Ning cut the mat and sat down separately, saying, "I'm not my friend."

Idiom story:

Ning Guan was a famous person in the Three Kingdoms period. Unfortunately, when he was sixteen, his father passed away. Relatives and friends often lend a helping hand and donate money and materials to help orphans and widows tide over the difficulties. However, Guan Ning vowed to make a career with his wisdom, so he politely declined the funding from relatives and friends, and studied hard to learn knowledge and skills.

Among Guan Ning's classmates, Hua Xin and he are best friends. They are like brothers, regardless of you and me. When studying, both of them sit on the mat and read books. While working, the two men turned the ground to grow vegetables and carried water to water the garden. On one occasion, Guan Ning and Hua Xin were hoeing in the backyard, and Hua Xin lowered his head and suddenly dug up a piece of gold from Huang Chengcheng. Huaxin was overjoyed to see the gold dug up. He leaned down, rubbed and played over and over again, and couldn't put it down. Just as he was about to put the gold in his pocket, he found Guan Ning unmoved and still hoeing there, as if nothing had happened. Hua Xin was afraid that Guan Ning would laugh at himself, so he had to bury the gold again.

One day, Guan Ning and Huaxin sat side by side on the mat reading a book. Suddenly, there was a noise outside. It turned out that a court official was passing the road outside. The official, sitting in eight sedan chairs, crowed to clear the way, looking dignified. On ning still else, sit and concentrate on reading. But Huaxin is different. From time to time, he looked away from the book and peeked at the dignity of the official from the window. Finally, I couldn't help it. I left my book and ran out to watch the fun. It was a long time before Huaxin came in from the outside. As he walked, he said to himself, "Being a big official is really enjoyable. Look at him. He's so strong. Alas! If I can do this one day, I will not waste my life. " Hua Xin said, touching the book. But he has no mind to study any more. His mind is always full of prestige of high officials, Hubei officials and marooned people.

Guan Ning was very dissatisfied with his impetuousness and vanity. Now he is so jealous that he can't help but feel deeply ashamed of him, and at the same time regret that he has misjudged someone. He knew that there was no practical point in continuing to associate with Hua Xin, so Guan Ning stood up, took a knife and cut the mat where they sat together, and then said, "You are not my friend." Since then, Guan Ning and Hua Xin have never dated again.

Evaluation:

Ning Guan, a native of Beihai Xu Zhu (now southeast of Linqu, Shandong Province), was a descendant of Guan Zhong, a statesman in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a famous figure Hua Xin in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of Han Dynasty. The story is about Guan and others hoeing in the garden and finding a piece of gold on the ground. Guan Ning continued to wield a hoe and used gold as a tile stone, while Hua Xin picked it up and threw it away. Guan Zeng and Hua Zeng were sitting at a table reading a book. It happened that officials passed by the door by car. Ning Guan was still reading a book, but Hua Xin dropped the book and went out.

From the attitude towards money and power, we can judge people's ideological tendency. The story is small, but the reflection is great. As "University" said: "Sincerity is in China, but appearance is outside." This shows the importance of strengthening ideological cultivation and establishing a correct outlook on life and values. However, it should be pointed out that, although the story has both praise and disparagement for China, Hua Xin in history was a man who was strict with himself, less greedy for money and rich in governing the country and leveling the world.

3. Classical Chinese about parting 1. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Wei's "Send Yuan 20 An Xi"

The rain in the early morning moistened the dust of the land, the inn of the inn, the branches and leaves of the inn, and a new leaf

I advise you to have a glass of wine. There is no reason not to go out.

Translation:

A spring rain in the morning of the Acropolis moistened the faint dust, and the green willows around the guest house were particularly fresh.

An old friend invites you for another farewell drink. There are no old friends outside Yangguan West Road.

Second, Li Bai's "seeing friends off" in Tang Dynasty

Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city.

Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.

Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.

With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.

Translation:

Castle Peak crosses the north of the city, and white water flows through the east side.

We will leave here, and once we get to Wan Li, we will embark on a lonely journey.

Wandering clouds are the artistic conception of wanderers, while the unwilling sunset is the attachment of old friends.

Now waving away, I can only hear the whining of the stray horse.

Third, Wang Wei's "Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong" in Tang Dynasty

The ferries of the Willow River are scattered, and the boatman shakes his oars and sails in.

Only lovesickness is like spring scenery, and Jiangnan Jiangbei will send you home.

Translation:

There are few passengers on the willow-fluttering ferry, and the ferryman paddles and sails all the way to Qi Lin.

Don't hate only acacia, like boundless spring scenery, no matter Jiangnan Jiangbei always sends you home.

Fourth, Bai Juyi's Nanpu Bie in Tang Dynasty

In Nanpu's bleak drudgery, the autumn wind is bleak.

Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.

Translation:

In Nanpu, sad parting, bleak autumn wind.

Looking back once is deeply grieved, then leave well and don't look back.

Five, Wang Bo in the Tang Dynasty "Send Du Shaofu as a Book Biography"

Across the wall of Sanqin, across a layer of fog, across a river.

We said goodbye sadly, and our two officials went in opposite directions.

After all, the world is just a small place.

Why are you wandering at the fork in the road, son?

Translation:

The majestic Chang 'an guards the land of Sanqin, overlooking Shu, and it seems that you can see the five crossings of Minjiang River through the confused yellow sand.

Leave you with infinite love. We are all people who are far from home and go out to be officials.

As long as there is your confidant in the world, even if you are far away from this world, you will be close to your neighbors.

Never break up at a fork in the road, like a child, sad and wet with tears.

4. China's classic "Biography of Lu Monk" is about selflessness.

Monk Lu, whose real name is Yu, is from Dongping and lives in Guangling. Mao led the people to discuss with Dong so that the monks could know about the March. The real monk's residence is in the east of Jianyang Gate, and he was ordered to be responsible. He goes to Jianyang Gate every day, but he is not in the private room. Wendiyi got it through this.

In the winter of four years in Tian Jian, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a large-scale Northern Expedition War, in which military aircraft naturally participated. Monk Bao went straight to the book province during the day and returned to the secretary province at night. In the summer of five years, the real monk led Jin Yong out of Liangcheng. That winter, he turned to the army and took this officer to lead the son of the prince. The real monk has been home for a long time and wants to visit the grave. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty will make him proud, make him a state, and make him a general of Jiejie, a general of Pingbei and a secretariat of Nanyanzhou. The real monk is in office, with a normal heart rate and no personal relatives. Since my father, brother and son started selling onions, I gave up my job and wanted to be a national official when I arrived. The true monk said, "I can't repay the kindness of my country." You have your own opinion. Can't ask, but be quick. " The real monk's old house is in the north of the city, with Du Youyi in front of it. The villagers advised him to move to yijia. The true monk said angrily, "Du You's official capital is here. How could he move to a place that is beneficial to my private house? " My sister suits her family, lives in a small house near the road in the west of the city, and mixes with other places. Monk treasures often lead home from halogen books and are not ashamed to ask questions. In the state for one hundred days, General Ren Lingjun and his ministers will be saved first. Monks and treasures have great honor. They are always considerate. When they meet kindness, they are very respectful and cautious. When they are forbidden, they dare not take off their clothes in the heat. Everyone stood on the throne, holding their breath and bowing, but the fruit and food were never lifted. After being drunk, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty tasted an orange and said with a smile, "It's a great progress." When he died in the officer's dormitory, Emperor Wu regretted it and said it was a runny nose.

Reference translation:

Lu monk cave, whose name is Yu, was born in Fanxian County, Dongping, and lived in Guangling for generations. Emperor Mao Wendi led his troops to the East, and during the March, he asked Lu Monk to participate in presiding over and coordinating the affairs of various ministries. Lu monk's home is in the east of Jianyang Gate, and he has never received missionary work. He passes by Jianyang Gate every day, but he doesn't visit his home. Deng Wendi therefore trusted him more.

In the winter of the fourth year of Tian Jian (505), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty launched a large-scale Northern Expedition. Since then, the number of military aircraft has increased day by day. Lu Sangzhen works in Zhongshu Province and returns to the Secretariat Province (in charge of Suwei) in the evening. In the summer of 506, Tian Jian appointed Lu Sengxiu to lead a good soldier from Yulin to leave Liangcheng. This winter, he returned to the army and was honored as the illegitimate child of the prince in his original position. Monk Zhen Lu has been away from home for a long time, begging to visit the tomb. Emperor Wu intended to make him glorious and let him govern the country, so he was named Jeff, General Pingbei and the secretariat of Nanyanzhou. During the reign of Lu Sanzhen, he treated his subordinates fairly and impartially, without favoritism. At first, my cousin's son engaged in selling onions. After taking office, monk Lu gave up selling onions and asked him to arrange an official position in the state. Monk Lu said, "I owe my country and have no service. How can you ask for a job that you don't deserve when you have a job that suits your status? You should hurry back to the onion. " Lu San's hometown is in the north of the city, and there is a Du You yamen in front. The villagers suggested that he move the government office to Duyou to expand his residence. Lu Sanzhen said angrily: "The official Du You has been here since its establishment. How can I move in and expand my private house? " His sister married Yu Jia and lived in the west of the city. The hut faces the road and is mixed among various shops. Lu Sanzhen often goes to her house with a guard of honor and doesn't feel humiliated. Ren Nan Yanzhou secretariat for one hundred days, and called him the leading general, still as before, the minister of Ren Zhongshu Province. With outstanding achievements, Lu Sanzhen became the bodyguard manager of Emperor Wu's confidant, and Emperor Wu's love for him was unparalleled. His temperament is very modest and steady. He is on duty in the forbidden area and dare not unbutton his clothes in midsummer. Whenever serving Emperor Wu, he always holds his breath and is very respectful and cautious. He has never touched chopsticks. Once I ate an orange because I was drunk. Emperor Wu said cheerfully, "You have made great progress." He died in the general's house when he was sick at the age of 58. Emperor Wu regretted it and often burst into tears when he said it.