Write a science essay based on a surprising discovery.

First a sample essay

On Sunday, after finishing my homework, I had nothing to do, so I wanted to blow soap bubbles. I mixed the soapy water, dipped the plastic tube into the small bottle filled with soapy water, and then blew it gently with my mouth, and strings of bubbles flew out of the plastic tube. They were colorful and beautiful. Awesome. I blew harder and harder, again and again, and soap bubbles kept coming out, as if it was raining soap bubbles. Suddenly, I discovered a problem: a string of soap bubbles always rose up lightly at first, and then slowly fell down. What's going on? Has the quality of the soap bubbles changed?

I asked my mother this question. Mom thought for a while and said: "This... I think it works on the same principle as a hot air balloon." Is this really the case? I know that hot air balloons can fly into the sky because the fuel burns to produce hot air, but is there hot air in the soap bubbles?

In order to clarify this question, I rummaged through all the books at home and finally found the answer in a book called "One Hundred Thousand Whys": When we blow soap bubbles, there are bubbles in the soap bubbles. Filled with the gas we blow into it. Unless it's very hot weather, the air we exhale is always warmer than the air. The mass of hot air is lighter, so the soap bubbles that are just blown out will rise upward; but as time goes by, the temperature of the gas in the soap bubbles drops, the volume of the hot air shrinks, and the soap bubbles gradually become heavier than the air and have to fall slowly. Coming.

Haha, it turns out that my breath is the "fuel" for soap bubbles.

1. What is a scientific essay?

A scientific essay is also called a knowledge essay or a literary expository essay. It uses the style of a short essay, that is, with the help of certain literary writing techniques, to express the scientific content vividly and vividly.

Scientific essays are written in literary style, integrating scientificity, knowledge, interest and entertainment, allowing readers to gain scientific knowledge through literary appreciation.

Science sketches are generally short, concise, easy to understand, rich in language, and lively in form. Reading this type of article can activate your thinking, enrich your knowledge, and broaden your horizons, and is very popular among readers.

With the rapid development of high technology and the popularization of scientific and technological knowledge, the social need for scientific essays is increasing day by day, and the social benefits are becoming increasingly significant. Scientific essays have become a popular writing and reading content for people. In recent years, in various examinations, the proportion of scientific essays in the selection of explanatory essays has been increasing. There have been new attempts and innovations in terms of content, form and proposition design. Therefore, in the study of expository texts, we cannot ignore the value of scientific essays, and we should pay more attention to them.

2. The main characteristics of science essays

A. The scientific nature of the content

The scientific nature of science essays is very important. The content must be scientific and the cited materials must be scientific. It must be reliable and the data must be accurate. The purpose of writing science sketches is to popularize scientific knowledge to people. If the knowledge introduced is not scientific, it will not only fail to achieve the purpose of writing, but also have a very bad impact. For example, a science sketch states that "potted flowers should not be kept indoors overnight" on the grounds that plants need to inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide at night, so staying indoors overnight is harmful to human health. In fact, the carbon dioxide exhaled per 300 square meters of leaf surface is equivalent to the amount exhaled by a person. It can be seen that leaving a few pots of flowers indoors overnight will not affect people's health.

B. The vividness of writing.

The vividness of writing style is the main sign that distinguishes scientific sketches from general expository writing.

How can we make the writing style of scientific essays vivid?

First, you must be good at narration and description. For example, a mythical story in "The Dead Sea" uses a narrative method, and "Guilin in Strange Peaks and Different Caves" has many wonderful descriptions.

The second is to be good at inserting anecdotes. For example, a mythical story is inserted into "The Dead Sea", which vividly describes the situation of people not sinking in the Dead Sea, and explains the scientific reason why the Dead Sea has great buoyancy. Another example is the insertion of two sentences from a senior brother's composition when he was in elementary school into the article "Human Language", both of which make the writing relaxed and lively.

The third is to be good at using rhetoric. Carefully read the expository texts in Units 2 and 7, consciously find out the rhetorical methods used in the text, and appreciate their language features.

Because some scientific knowledge is difficult to understand, being good at using metaphors and rhetorical methods can make scientific principles easy to understand and facilitate the introduction and popularization of scientific knowledge.

C. Popularity of content

Scientific essays are not designed to serve professional scientific research. They take the popularization of scientific knowledge as their own duty, so they must explain, introduce, and explain in a simple and easy-to-understand way. Represent scientific content. For example, articles such as "Human Language", "Hua Cha", and "Sky Stone" all have the characteristics of easy-to-understand content.

3. The form of science sketch.

With the extensive content of science sketches, from basic particles and atoms invisible to the naked eye, to the huge earth and sun; whether it is industry, agriculture, physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, biology In other aspects, you can find themes for science sketches. Therefore, the expression forms of sketches must be diverse and flexible. But to sum up, the common ones are as follows:

A. Descriptive form

Describe means to describe; narrate means to describe. This type of sketch has rich imagination, beautiful language, both vivid description and vivid narrative; it has the style of literary prose, and all aims to introduce scientific knowledge. For example, "Story of Strange Peaks and Different Caves in Guilin" is one of the most typical examples. This descriptive style makes it easy to talk about ancient times and the present, and is full of interesting evidence and interesting facts, attracting readers.

B. Self-narrative style

The self-narrative style is to use the first-person personification method to give the scientific knowledge to be introduced to people's thoughts, feelings, language, and actions, so that The thing being explained stands up and introduces itself. For example, titles such as "The Self-narration of Dust" and "I am Electricity" are self-narrative.

C. Story style

Weave the scientific knowledge to be introduced into a vivid and interesting story, so that people can gain scientific knowledge while reading or listening to the story. This form of expression is called story style . The difference between it and the self-description is that it uses the third person; the same thing is that most of it uses personification. Using this form, we must not only make the storyline attractive, but also pay attention to its rationality.

Since it is called a story, it should explain the time and place. The "character" is to personify the things described, and there must also be a plot; in terms of expression, it generally has both narrative and description, and the language is vivid and vivid. . Of course, we cannot emphasize the story and ignore the scientific knowledge. Otherwise, the meaning of writing will be lost.

D. Conversational style

Conversational style is also called conversational style, which means explaining in the form of question and answer and dialogue. This method gives people a cordial and real feeling, makes it easy to communicate with readers, and generates buzz. At the same time, this way of writing is easier to concise.

Conversational styles are generally divided into three types: question-and-answer style, conversational style between A and B, and conversational style within the text. The first two are more common and easy to grasp. The latter is to organize the character dialogue into a specific story. The development of the storyline is mainly promoted by changes in the dialogue content, and the dialogue is the main body of the article.

In short, no matter which form is used, it should be based on the content. It should highlight the main line of explanation, integrate narration, description, lyricism and even discussion. It looks like prose, but is actually explanation, using literary style. The infection effect achieves the purpose of explanation and is more readable.

Although the selected texts in Units 2 and 7 of Volume 4 have a strong literary tone, their forms are relatively simple. "The Dead Sea" can be classified as a story, and the other several texts are They are all descriptive. There is no form of dialogue, self-narration, etc. yet. It is also necessary to accumulate articles and enrich reading content in future readings.

4. Analysis of Examples

[Example]

I am electricity

I am electricity, I am electricity, haha! I'm here singing a cheerful song!

Hey! My little friend, I have quite a lot of abilities, and people will be annoyed if they don’t have me! Maybe you think I'm bragging! I am neither bragging nor bragging - I am bragging. This is absolutely true. If you don't believe it, just listen to me: you are living in an era where I am indispensable. A city without me, cough! That is simply unthinkable. The city will be paralyzed, the factories will have to stop working, the lights will not turn on, the trams will not start, the radio will be mute, the TV will have no picture, and even your precious electric toys will not be able to move! ...Everything seems to be indispensable to me.

You think so? You see, today, as we strive to realize the "four modernizations", workers use machines to do their work, farmers use pumps and water pumps for drainage and irrigation, submarines can be controlled by radar, and the power of aircraft and cannons are controlled by computers... With me, The technological revolution shows its magical power; with me, automation is so powerful. Do you know what Grandpa Gao Shiqi praised me for? He praised me for "working tirelessly to serve the people," which made me happy.

Perhaps you are wondering, where did my ability come from? Did God create me, or did I pop out of a crack in the stone? No! None. It was a long, long time ago that a man named Franklin discovered me. Later, many diligent people used scientific methods to transform the energy of "Grandpa Fire", "Grandma Water" and "Mother Sun" into me. This is what people usually call "thermal power generation", "hydropower generation" and "solar power generation". At present, the Gezhouba Hydropower Station has the strongest power generation capacity in my country. It is said that its power generation capacity can reach 2.7 million kilowatts. In addition, there are also large hydropower stations such as the Three Gorges and Longyangxia hydropower stations that are actively planning to build... In short, smart humans can Use many methods and approaches to create me and let me serve mankind.

Ha! Come to think of it, I have to introduce to you the two major families of electricity: the positive charge family and the negative charge family. The charge generated when you rub the glass rod with silk is a positive charge. Then, many groups of positive charges are a family of positive charges. When a rubber rod is rubbed with fur, the charge it carries is a negative charge. A group composed of many negative charges is of course a negative charge family. I have to remind you that we have a particularly weird temperament: within the same family, there is intrigue and mutual repulsion, but two different families can live in harmony and attract each other. This is what people usually say: "Like electricity repels and opposite electricity attracts".

I usually walk on copper wires with my feet. I walk very fast! It can run 300,000 kilometers in one second at its fastest. Only Uncle Guang can match my speed.

However, sometimes I am also very distressed. If people accidentally touch me, they will be numb at least, or die at worst. Actually, it’s not all my fault. People were careless when they took advantage of me and got in touch with me. But people who don't understand my nature always say: "He was electrocuted to death!" "This damn electricity is really harmful!" Alas! I was asked to carry the "blame" all by myself. What a misfortune! Those who are careless do not examine themselves first. Hello! Did I say hello beforehand: When you use me, you must not connect the wrong lines; the rubber leather jacket I wear must not be torn; my household appliances also have an extra "tail cover", so It is a ground wire. When it is used, it is connected to the ground, so it is much safer! What should you do if you encounter me while using me? First, cut off the power supply. Second, provide artificial rescue to the person who encounters me and bring him back to life.

Children, then again, my merits are always greater than my faults! Especially when there is a line failure, people light candles and always say angrily: "Why hasn't the call come yet?" But when I meet people again, I always hear the ecstatic voices of thousands of households: "The call has come. Come on, the electricity is coming..." Then the lights turned on, the speakers rang, and the TV sang... Not to mention the joyful and sweet feeling in my heart, I couldn't help but sing that happy song again.