Enlightenment classical Chinese

1. Zhuangzi Mozi's classical Chinese inspirational story "Zhuangzi" explains this point in the form of a story: "In the past, Zhuang Zhoumeng was a butterfly, lifelike. Self-metaphor and ambition! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly and? What is the butterfly's dream? There must be differences between Zhou and Butterfly. This is called materialization. "

Zhuangzi dreamed that he became a butterfly one day. When he woke up, he found that he was still Zhuangzi, so he didn't know whether he dreamed of a butterfly in Zhuangzi or a butterfly in Zhuangzi. Here, Zhuangzi raised a philosophical question-how people know the truth. If dreams are real enough, people have no ability to know that they are dreaming.

In the eyes of ordinary people, what a person sees and feels when he is awake is real, and dreams are all illusions and unreal. Zhuangzi doesn't think so. Although, waking is a realm, dreams are another realm, and the two are different; Zhuang Zhou is Zhuang Zhou, and butterflies are butterflies. They are different, too. But in Zhuang Zhou's view, they are just a phenomenon, a form and a stage in the Tao movement.

Zhuangzi is using a simplest fable to illustrate one of the heaviest problems of mankind, that is, the problem of life and death.

Mozi

Pockmarked Wu said that Mozi said, "I love the world, but it is not good;" I don't love the world, and I'm not a thief. If you have achieved nothing, why are you alone, not me? "

Zi Mozi said: "There are people who will die here today. If one person offers water, he will fill it." One person will benefit from mixing fire. The work has not arrived yet, why is the son more valuable to the two? "

Pockmarked Wu said, "I carry water, not mix fire with my husband."

Zi Mozi said: "I am also my intention, not my intention." "

Wu Mazi said to Mozi, "You love the world and have nothing to do with it; I don't love everyone, so there is no harm. Did not produce.

What effect? How can you think that only you are right and I am wrong? "

Mozi said: "Now there is a fire, and a man brought water to douse it;" A man raised a fire to make it burn bigger. It has not been produced yet.

As a result, which one do you like better? "

Pockmarked Wu said, "I agree with the wish of the bearer and deny the wish of the torchbearer."

Mr. Mozi said, "Now you should understand that my idea of loving the world is correct and your intention of not loving the world is wrong."

2. What does classical Chinese inspire? What does "casting pearls before swine" give us?

We are no strangers to the idiom "casting pearls before swine", which means that it is a waste of breath to reason with unreasonable people. It is also often used to laugh at people who talk without looking at objects. The allusion of this idiom comes from Han Morong's Theory and Confusion: "Being fair and clear is the same as before. It's not that cows don't smell it, nor that cows don't like it. Turn to the sound of mosquito calves, that is, turn your tail and listen. " Gong, a musician in the Warring States Period, came to the suburb where the flowers grew, and played the most elegant music "Clear Horn Exercise" for the bulls who bowed their heads and ate grass. However, the bulls only occasionally shook their tails to drive away the gadfly, and still bowed their heads and ate grass silently. So people say to you, "Don't be angry! It's not that the music you play is not good, it's that the music you play is not right for the cow's ears! " However, who knows if scalpers have listened to your music and enjoyed your performance?

In fact, animals also have their emotional world and their ways of communication, but we humans can't enter their inner world, understand their language and communicate with them. Therefore, the story of "casting pearls before swine" has educated China people from generation to generation, and has also bound China people's thoughts with thousands of years of cultural traditions.

Time has turned to 2 1 century, and the story of "casting pearls before swine" has a new chapter.

According to China Breeding Network, on August 5th, 2007, in the dairy farm of Yanshibu Village, Luoyang City, Henan Province, a girl was playing pipa for cows, and the cows listened with relish. It seems incredible to play the piano for cows, but Guo Zhixin, a cattle farmer with 860 cows, said that listening to the piano increases the appetite of cows. A cow can produce milk 1 kg every day and earn more than 700 yuan a year. According to Guo Zhixin, he learned the news from a foreign cattle magazine in March last year, and the experiment proved that it was effective. Now every morning, he invites a music teacher to play music for cows for an hour.

On October 27th, 2008/kloc-0, 65438 also reported that Liu Haichuan, a graduate of the Conservatory of Music, interpreted "Playing the lute to a cow" as a new story. In May 2007, Liu Haichuan, who graduated from China Conservatory of Music, established a cattle farm in Shi Cun, Zhonghe Town, meihekou city, Jilin Province. His cattle farm is small, but it is very special. Each cowshed is equipped with speakers, so that the bald head and dozens of other cows can hear wonderful piano music every day. Whenever beautiful tunes such as butterfly lovers are played, these cows become docile. In Liu Haichuan's words, "stubbornness is gone, so it is easy to manage". By chance, Liu Haichuan, who felt itchy after not playing the piano for a long time, played the piano in the cattle farm. He found that the quiet cows moved after hearing the piano. Accompanied by passionate or soft piano music, cattle people are sometimes manic and sometimes leisurely. After a period of time, "playing the lute to the cow" not only made the cow obedient, but also made the beef taste better. Many customers tasted beef from Liu Haichuan and said it was delicious. Now the cattle raised in Liu Haichuan are selling well, and each batch of cattle receives orders in advance, and the price is also good.

Cows can not only listen to the piano, but also listen to singing.

Xinhua News Agency reported on May 15: The owner of a cattle farm in Britain recently hired an Italian singer to sing for his cows, hoping to make them produce more and better milk. Bobby gill, who owns a cattle farm in Lancashire, England, said he hoped singing would help improve the taste of ice cream made from the milk here. He asked the singer Bedogni to sing excerpts from famous operas for some cows, and then tasted them to see if the quality of milk had changed. Jill said: "Singing makes everything look calm and helps to enjoy life." Bedogni also likes to sing for these cows, saying that they are good listeners. A study by Newcastle University last year showed that the happier cows are, the more milk they produce. If someone calls their names, the milk yield will be better.

Are you surprised and incredible when you read this? Yes, when this idiom story has a new interpretation and new meaning, "casting pearls before swine" gives us new enlightenment.

There are many unpredictable mysteries in the world, but we haven't understood them clearly yet; Too superstitious about past experience is to stifle innovation; Don't give up your pursuit easily, even if others can't understand it; Music can bring people pleasure, and animals are no exception!

Isn't human progress in constant exploration and pursuit?

"Playing the lute to a cow" is not absurd. What about pigs, dogs, cats and sheep?

3. Ancient fables should be written in classical Chinese, which is instructive.

During the Warring States period, when Chu was at its strongest, he was afraid of his general Zhao for the sake of the northern country at that time.

Xi's t-shirt, and feel strange. So he asked the North Korean minister why.

At that time, a minister named Jiang Yi told him the following story:

"Once upon a time, there was a tiger in a cave. Because he was hungry, he ran outside to look for food. When he came to a place,

When I was in the dense forest, I suddenly saw a fox walking in front of me. He thinks this is a golden opportunity.

Yes, he jumped over and caught him effortlessly.

But when it opened its mouth to eat the fox, the sly fox suddenly spoke:

Hum! Don't think that you are the king of beasts and dare to swallow me; You know, heaven and earth ordered me to be king.

Your Majesty, whoever eats me will be severely punished by heaven and earth. The tiger listened to the fox with a grain of salt.

However, when he tilted his head and saw the fox's arrogant and calm appearance, he was shocked. The original arrogance.

And I don't know when most of them disappeared. Even so, he thought to himself: I am one hundred.

The king of beasts, so any beast in the world will be afraid to see me. And he, it turned out, was ordered by Emperor Fengtian to rule us!

At this time, the fox saw the tiger hesitate to eat, and knew that he had already believed him a little.

So he stood proudly, then pointed to the tiger's nose and said,' What, don't you believe what I said?

Really? Then come with me now, walk behind me and see if all the wild animals are scared out of their wits when they see me.

Running around. The tiger thought it was a good idea and did it.

So the fox swaggered ahead and the tiger followed carefully. They didn't leave much.

For a long time, I vaguely saw the depths of the forest, where many small animals were fighting for food, but when they found themselves walking behind the fox.

The tiger was in front of him, and he couldn't help but be frightened to disgrace and ran away.

At this moment, the fox turned to look at the tiger proudly. Seeing this situation, the tiger can't help but feel a little scared.

But he didn't know that wild animals were afraid of themselves, and he thought they were really afraid of foxes!

The cunning fox's plan succeeded, but his strength was entirely due to the tiger's disguise, which enabled him to threaten in a favorable situation at this moment.

Threatening the beast and the poor tiger to be fooled and not knowing it!

Therefore, the people in the north are afraid of Zhao Xi's shirt simply because the king's soldiers are in his hands, that is to say.

Say, what they are afraid of is actually the power of the king! "

From the above story, we can know that anyone oppresses others by virtue of the power of authority or the power of position.

Anyone who acts arrogantly can be described as "Smith".

better late than never

This story comes from the Warring States Policy. During the Warring States Period, there was a minister in the State of Chu named Zhuang Xin. One day, he said to King Chu Xiang:

"When you are in the palace, state affairs are on the left and Xiahou is on the right; When you went out, Yan Lingjun and Shou Jing Jun followed you all the time.

Youyou and these four people pay special attention to luxury and debauchery. Regardless of state affairs, Ying (Chu capital, in the north of jiangling county, Hubei Province) is one of them.

It must be dangerous! "

Wang Xiang was very dissatisfied and scolded angrily, "Are you crazy? Deliberately saying these insidious words to confuse people? "

Zhuang Xin replied unhurriedly: "I really feel that things must come to this, and I dare not deliberately say anything about Chu."

Unfortunately. If you always cherish this man, Chu will surely perish. Since you don't believe me, please allow me to find Zhao.

Hide and see what happens. "

Zhuang Xin lived in Zhao Guocai for five months, and the State of Qin invaded Chu, and Wang Xiang was forced into exile in Yangcheng (now Xixian County, Henan Province).

North). Only then did I feel that Zhuang Xin's words were good, so I quickly sent someone to get Zhuang Xin back and asked him what he could do. ZhuangXin very sincerely say:

"I heard that it's not too late to see rabbit teeth and think of hounds; It's not too late to mend the sheepfold after the sheep have run away. ……"

This is a very meaningful story. You only know how to have fun, not how to do things. The result must be a painful loss.

There is no doubt about failure.

The idiom "Better late than never" is based on the above two sentences, expressing that after handling things wrong,

If you hurry to save it, it's not too late. For example, a career criminal misjudges the development of things and takes risks lightly.

Fall into a state of failure. But he was not discouraged. He patiently reconsidered things and learned from this mistake.

Training, I feel that "better late than never", it is not too late to start from scratch!

Now we should learn lessons, correct our mistakes and strive for strength.

In this idiom story, Zhuang Xin is a native of Jinan (now Jingzhou), the capital of Chu, and a descendant of Chu Zhuangwang, the famous king of Chu. He devoted his whole life to Geng Jie, and was the minister of King Xiang of Chu. At first, he was not valued by Wang Xiang. After remonstrating with Wang Xiang in Qi Li, he won the trust of Wang Xiang and made him Yang Lingjun, and his fief was now in Huaibei.

I am eager for long classical Chinese, which should inspire me. Zheng Ren, thank you for buying shoes.

Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Fulfilling his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist!" " "Go back and get it. When you come back, the city is on strike, so you can't walk. People say, "Why not try? Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident." . "

To annotate ...

Zheng, the name of a small country in the Spring and Autumn Period, was in Xinzheng County, Henan Province.

Footwear-silver road, leather shoes, all shoes.

Degree-sound capture, reflection, used here as a verb, that is, the meaning of calculation and measurement. The word "du" at the back, used as a noun, is a ruler.

One-synonymous with classical Chinese, here refers to the measured size.

Sit-the same seat is a seat, referring to chairs, stools and other furniture.

Fuck.-Take it, take it.

Just-just, the end, here refers to the market has been dissolved.

Nihility-nothingness, nothing, here is the meaning of can't, can't.

Translation:

Zheng has a man who wants to buy shoes. He first measured his feet with a rope at home, and then put the measured size on the seat. He went to the market, but forgot to take his measurements. He chose a pair of shoes, wanted to compare the sizes, and found that he forgot to bring the measured rope, so he hurried home to get it. By the time he came back with a rope, the market had already dispersed, and he finally couldn't buy shoes. When others knew, they said to him, "Why don't you try it with your own feet?" He stubbornly said, "I would rather trust the measured size than my own feet."

Write comments on (literary works) and mark them with dots and circles to attract attention.

This Zheng Guoren made a dogmatic mistake. He only believes in the size of his feet, not his own, and not only makes a big joke, but also can't buy shoes. In real life, buying shoes only depends on the size of the feet, not the feet. It may not happen. But there are such people. Some people, speaking, doing things and thinking, only start from books, not from reality; He believes what is written in the notebook, but he doesn't believe what is not written in the notebook but actually exists. In this kind of person's view, only what is recorded in the notebook is the truth, and what is not recorded is not the truth. In this way, of course, thinking will be rigid and action will hit a wall.

5. Enlightenment of the ancient prose "Lost Dead Sheep" What does this ancient prose tell us? Andy's neighbor died. He led his party and demanded Andy's vertical pursuit. Andy said, "Hey! The sheep is dead, why chase it? " The neighbor said, "There are many roads." Instead, he asked, "Did you get the sheep?" Said, "Death is over." Say, "Xi is over?" It means "Tao is different, I don't know what it is, so it is the opposite." Andy's face suddenly changed. When he said nothing, he didn't smile. The owner was surprised, so please say, "The owner doesn't own sheep, which is a cheap animal, but those who joke are useless?" If Andy doesn't answer, his master won't be ordered. (Selected from Liezi) Note 1 Party refers to relatives in the old days. ② Vertical: boy servant 163. Andy's neighbor lost his sheep, so he led his friends and invited the boy servants from Andy to chase him. Andy said, "Oh! I lost a sheep, why do so many people chase it? " The neighbor said, "There are many forks in the road." When he came back soon, Andy asked, "Did you find the sheep?" Answer: "I dropped it." Q: "How?" Answer: "There was a fork in the road, and we didn't know where to chase it, so we came back." Andy's face is very sad. He didn't talk for two hours and didn't laugh all day. His students were surprised and asked (Andy), "Sheep are just animals. They are not your teachers, but they make you unsmiling. Why? " Andy didn't answer, and his students didn't get his answer in the end. Revelation: Too many choices in life make it easy to lose yourself. In learning, we should have clear goals, so that we can get twice the result with half the effort. Otherwise, we will lose our way. ) or when studying a subject, we should grasp the direction, pay attention to understand its essence, and don't be confused by various appearances. It is precisely because we face too many forks in the road.

6. I need the most comprehensive summary of classical Chinese enlightenment. Please show yourself. Introduction of classical Chinese knowledge in junior high school: We study ***3 1 classical Chinese in the eighth and ninth grades, but there are only one or two exams. When we see classical Chinese reading, many students often confuse the content of classical Chinese. So today we will summarize these classical Chinese we have learned and classify them according to a certain classification.

1. We can divide the classical Chinese we have learned into four categories according to the content, namely: (1) landscape articles; (2) Character articles; (3) Truth; (4) Explanatory articles; (1) Landscape articles include: Peach Blossom Garden, Three Gorges, Thank-You Letter and Night Tour in Chengtian Temple. Watching the Snow in the Lake Pavilion, A Letter to Zhu, Little Stone Pond, The Story of Yueyang Tower, The Story of Zuiweng Pavilion, Man Jing's Travels and Watching the Tide (2) The characters are: Mr. Wu Liuchuan, Chen She Family, Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission, Longzhong Dui, etc. During the trip to the Avenue, Tang Ju lived up to his mission, lost in public, argued and wrote the story of Zhu and Yueyang Tower. He helped more from one way and less from the other. He was born in sorrow and died in happiness. Zou Ji satirized coachable and Qi Wang.

Night Tour in Chengtian Temple: The author was demoted to Huangzhou. Because there was no one to accompany him to enjoy the moon, he had to look for Zhang Huaimin, who was also demoted, to express the author's sadness and feelings about life. Xiao Shi Tang Ji: In the description of the scenery, he conveyed his lonely and sad mood in his relegated life.

Summary: The above two travel notes show their inner sadness caused by the author's demotion. Yueyang Tower: The author Fan Zhongyan took this opportunity to implicitly and tactfully persuade his friend Teng to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself" and tried to infect his friends with his feelings of salvation and optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later".

Zuiwengting: Although the author was relegated, he showed his broad-minded feelings of being content with the status quo and happy to meet the people. Summary: In the above two articles, although the author was demoted, he was not depressed, but thinking about the country and the people all over the world.

2. Feel the nature by depicting the scenery. "Three Gorges": Through the description of the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, people are inspired to love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

Thanks for writing a book: The description of beautiful mountains and rivers reflects the author's interest in loving nature and retiring from nymphs. With Zhu Shu: It always narrates the strange and beautiful scenery of Fuchun River, implicitly conveying the noble interest of loving nature and retiring from the world.

Summary: The above three articles show their love for nature and the mountains and rivers of the motherland by depicting different scenery. Man Jing's Travels: The author captures the vibrant scenery in early spring, showing the joy of returning to the earth in spring, and appreciating and praising the rejuvenation of nature.

Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow: The author depicts the snow scene of the West Lake by line drawing, and expresses the spiritual unity and harmony between man and nature by "one trace, one mustard, two grains". Peach Blossom Garden: In this article, the author outlined a paradise for us and expressed the author's yearning for a better life.

Watching the tide: This article is an excellent story, divided into four paragraphs, describing the spectacular scene of the tide, the moving scene of the naval exercise, the athletes making waves and the crowd watching the tide. This paper describes the tidal scene and grand occasion of watching the Qiantang River in the Southern Song Dynasty, and shows the brave spirit of human struggle with nature.

Summary: The above three descriptions of different scenery show the harmony with nature. (2) Character category: 1, no friends with officials, indifferent to fame and fortune, "Biography of Mr. Wu Liu": Mr. Wu Liu is a simple, natural, indifferent to fame and fortune, poor and happy person.

There are two stories in Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi satirizes Keiko's obsession with fame and fortune, doubting others' ignorance for no reason, and shows his indifferent position on fame and fortune by being a coward. "Longzhong Dui": "This person can be seen, so don't get into trouble.

It can be seen that Zhuge Liang will never be an official easily, nor will he be indifferent to fame and fortune. The model: "Mo Wen Wenda became a vassal when he died in troubled times" also shows Zhuge Liang's indifference to fame and fortune.

Summary: The three characters in the above four articles all have the character of "indifferent to fame and fortune". 2. Wit, courage and resourcefulness, and dare to fight "Chen She aristocratic family": Chen, a born son, prepared for public opinion before the uprising and put forward the strategy of "falsely calling his son Fu Su and Xiang Yan", which showed his courage and resourcefulness; Before the uprising, let Guangwu "say a few words before he died, and be angry with his captain". When everyone was angry at the "defending the country in a large area", he began to do it, which showed Chen Sheng's courage and wit and proved that Chen Sheng was an outstanding organizer and leader.

Tang Ju lived up to his mission: Tang Ju was a courageous counselor. It is not difficult to see that in the face of Qin Wang's treachery, he has answers; It was in the confrontation with the king of Qin that he did not bend down under the threat of the king of Qin, and always took the initiative, showing Tang Ju's upright and fearless spirit.

"Public loss": When Mozi dealt with the public loss and the king of Chu, he first let them fall into the dilemma of attacking the shield with the spear of the son, so that they could make excuses and show Mozi's wit; Facing the loss inventory of the public, he showed his courage and resourcefulness, which fully demonstrated his fearlessness and calmness. Summary: The above three characters are not only witty and brave, but also calm in the face of powerful enemies.

Cao Gui Debate: Around the battle of the spoon, it focuses on showing Cao Gui's "foresight". His talent is outstanding, and he can command the army calmly, calmly and decisively in the rapidly changing war, which highlights Cao Gui's intelligence.

Longzhong Dui: Zhuge Liang's countermeasures are the focus of this article. From Zhuge Liang's calm and objective analysis of the world situation, we can see his wit, insight and long-term vision. Zou Ji satirized Xu Shu, King of Qi: Zou Ji showed wisdom in the process of comparing beauty with Xu Gong.