Four elements of reflection

Last class, I analyzed the essence of reflection for everyone. In this lecture, Behnes also listed some specific ways of reflection. He said that the following are all ways of reflection, including reviewing, recalling, dreaming, keeping a diary, making it clear loudly, watching last week's ball game, asking for advice, taking a vacation and even telling jokes. How do you feel after listening to these ways of reflection listed by him? You may be happy because you have found some ways, such as keeping a diary. You are also using it, and you may be confused because you find that you are not good at using some methods, such as telling jokes. How do you think about telling jokes? I want to tell you, Behnes, that this is both right and wrong. These ways of Behnes Prize can be reflection, but they are not necessarily reflection. In fact, to be an excellent leader, the most important thing is not to master a specific way of reflection, but to master the elements of reflection. There are four elements of reflection, which can also be said to be the four standards of reflection. The four criteria that meet these four elements are reflection, keeping a diary, telling jokes sometimes, and sometimes. Let me tell you about the four elements of reflection and some skills to realize them.

In the last chapter, I talked about the essence of reflection, which is the core of reflection. The four elements of reflection are actually the concrete development of the essence of reflection. I use a popular expression, which is the correct way to open reflection. A * * * has four steps.

The first element is going out.

Step 1 is also a reflection. The first element is going out. The essence of reflection is rethinking. You say a word first, and then you think about it. But to do this, you must first get out of your existing thoughts, so the first element of reflection is to get out. You must get rid of the ideas you already have. Last class, I told a metaphor of the leadership master Heifetz. When you step into the stands, you are out. It doesn't sound difficult, but it is. Psychologist Kahneman said that we are actually talking about the same phenomenon, that is, how to save trouble when thinking. If we already have a word, we already have an idea. Most people live and work in this concept and don't want to get out of it. I'll introduce you to a trick about getting away. This technique was used by Drucker, a master of management. He became a feedback analyst. How to do feedback analysis? Drucker said that before making an important decision, you should write down your desired goal. A year later, when your final goal is compared with your written expectations, this is feedback analysis. What do you think are the advantages of feedback analysis? I found that there are at least two advantages of 1, that is, planning ahead, you have planned ahead, and you have to come out later.

You may not see the second advantage. The core function of feedback analysis is that you write down your expected goal in advance and compare the actual goal with the expected goal afterwards. This second advantage is written down in advance. In this action, you think about the benefits of writing it down in advance. I'm just saying, it's hard to get out of your own business. I just said a difficult point, that is, you already have an idea, and you don't want to think about it again to save trouble. In psychology, there is a concept called rationalization, that is, we regard the final result as the result you originally wanted, so before you act, you write down your expected goal, which is actually your initial idea. You come down, and it's been like this for a year. When you look back, you will know what you really thought at the beginning. In other words, feedback analysis helps you find the real thing at the beginning and avoid rationalization afterwards. I just told you that the first major factor of reflection is going out.

What is the second main factor? Release your emotions,

It is important to let go of your emotions. Many times it is your emotions that make you unable to reflect, and positive emotions will make you unable to reflect. Do you remember I thought about the IKEA effect? In other words, we will prefer what we have made, whether at home or ideologically, and we will prefer the ideas we have come up with, but one side effect of our ability is that we are unwilling to admit that it may be wrong. I don't want to think about him again. Last time I talked about a way to reflect on things, called rehearsal failure. You should remember that it is assumed that the project will eventually fail completely before the project is carried out. What could be the reason? Now I can tell you the benefits of this method more clearly. First of all, this method can let you come out naturally. You already have a project plan and one, but now you can't stay there. You must quit this plan. At this time, you have encountered the reflection element of 1, and this method also allows you to let go of your emotions naturally. Many people have devoted their efforts to the action plan you came up with, which may have produced the IKEA effect, making you overestimate its correctness and underestimate its risk, but now you are using the method of rehearsal failure. The most basic assumption is that the project finally failed. This assumption helps you to let go of your emotions, let go of your feelings about the existing scheme and start to consider new possibilities, which is in line with the second major factor of reflection. As I said just now, positive emotions prevent us from reflecting on negative emotions, and negative emotions are more difficult for us to reflect on. I told you before that people are more sensitive to loss than to gain. Similarly, we are more sensitive to negative emotions than positive ones, so negative emotions will prevent us from reflecting. Do you remember I asked such a question? I said, there are always few people who raise their hands. Some people who don't raise their hands don't think they have made a big mistake, but there are still many people who actually know they have made a big mistake and just don't want to raise their hands to admit it. Why? Because they can't let go of their emotions, because big failures are often associated with very negative emotions, and you don't want to recall that failure, because when you think of him, those negative emotions will come to your mind. Some scholars have named this phenomenon as emotional labels, and these things are labeled with emotions in your mind. Because there is this negative emotion label attached to it, you don't want to recall these things, so you don't want to recall them. Because you can't let go of your feelings and don't want to think about your past, it's difficult to reflect on failure from the emotional point of view. At this time, I can explain why telling jokes can be reflection. You told a joke at the dinner table, which is not reflection, but if you joke about your failure, it may be reflection. Why? If you can make fun of your failure, it means that first, you have come out of this failure. Second, not only that, you also let go of your emotions. You can joke about it. You have let go of your negative emotions. When you tell jokes like this, you achieve two elements of reflection. Go out and let go of your emotions. If you can meet the other two elements, then telling jokes is reflection. What are the other two elements?

The third element of reflection is the transformation angle.

This is the core of the four elements. The essence of reflection is rethinking. You already have one, that is, you have an old angle Now you have to reconsider from a new angle. How to change the angle? Let me introduce you to a very important skill. I call it alternative thinking. You should pay attention that this is not the same as the usual empathy. Empathy is thinking from the perspective of others. Substituting thinking is to ask yourself this question in turn. What would someone do if he were in my position? Moreover, this other person is not an abstract person, but a concrete person, for example, if my superior. He'll do it. What would Ma Yun do if he were in my position? If Mr Dolma Liu were in my position, he would do so. This question can be a reflection before action or a review, that is, a reflection afterwards. If it was an afterthought, that is to say, what would he have done if he had been in my position? Substitution thinking is a very good reflection skill. Think about it first. I think of two things. First, when you use alternative thinking, you will naturally. When you ask this question, you naturally stand from the perspective of your superiors. Looking at the problem from a higher perspective will help you to do it. The third factor of reflection has changed the angle. Changing four factors also helps you naturally reach the second factor of reflection and let go of your emotions, because the person you changed is not you, and he does not have the emotions when you think.

The fourth element of reflection is to guide practice.

Reflection is a rethinking of thinking. Why do you want to? For a better world in the future, you need to reflect on a conclusion that can better guide your future practice. The fourth element is easy to understand, so I won't say much because of time.

To sum up, there are four elements to reflect your main points.

The 1 element came out, and I introduced a technique called feedback analysis.

The second element is to let go of emotions and predict failure. This is a good method because it helps us to release our emotions.

The third factor is changing the angle. You can use alternative thinking skills, which can help you change the angle and also help you to let go of your emotions.

The fourth element is to guide practice, and having these four elements is reflection.

Finally, I leave you with two questions, the question of 1 What is your usual habit of reflection? Question 2: Is it a reflection for you to listen to this leadership course? What can you do to turn it into a complete reflection? Can you give me an example?

~ Dolma Liu —— 30 lectures on leadership of Peking University